• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.12-19
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• 2013

A gasification process with pre-combustion $CO_2$ capture process, which converts coal into environment-friendly synthetic gas, might be promising option for sustainable energy conversion. In the coal gasification for power generation, coal is converted into $H_2$, CO and $CO_2$. To reduce the cost of $CO_2$ capture and to maximize hydrogen production, the removal of CO and the additional production of hydrogen might be needed. In this study, a 2l/min water gas shift system for a coal gasifier has been studied. To control the concentration of major components such as $H_2$, CO, and $CO_2$, MFCs were used in experimental apparatus. The gas concentration in these experiments was equal with syngas concentration from dry coal gasifiers ($H_2$: 25-35, CO: 60-65, $CO_2$: 5-15 vol%). The operation conditions of the WGS system were $200-400^{\circ}C$, 1-10bar. Steam/Carbon ratios were between 2.0 and 5.0. The commercial catalysts were used in the high temperature shift reactor and the low temperature shift reactor. As steam/carbon ratio increased, the conversion (1-$CO_{out}/CO_{in}$) increased from 93% to 97% at the condition of CO: 65, $H_2$: 30, $CO_2$: 5%. However the conversion decreased with increasing of gas flow and temperature. The gas concentration from LTS was $H_2$: 54.7-60.0, $CO_2$: 38.8-44.9, CO: 0.3-1%.

• 공업화학
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.111-114
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• 2010

ASTM D5757-95에 따른 마모 반응기를 이용하여 수성 가스 반응에 사용되는 촉매들의 마모 특성을 고찰하였다. 저온 수성가스 촉매와 고온 수성가스 촉매들의 유동 현상, 입자 크기에 따른 영향을 고찰하였고 이에 따른 입도 분포 변화를 측정하였으며 유동층 매체로 이용되는 모래와 마모 특성을 비교하였다. 마모관 내부에서 기체 주입에 따른 마모가 일어나 촉매의 입자 크기가 감소하고 분포가 변화되었다. 또한 초기 촉매 입자 층의 40~50%에 해당하는 양이 비산되어 배출되었다. 촉매 종류별 비교로부터 저온 수성가스 촉매가 고온 수성가스 촉매보다 비산량이 적음을 알 수 있었고, 초기 촉매 입자의 크기별 비교로부터 초기 입도가 $212{\sim}300{\mu}m$에 해당하는 경우에 비산량이 상대적으로 적음을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.283-290
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• 2004

The single-step process for conversion of syngas to DME give higher conversion than the syngas-to-methanol process. This arises because of a synergy among the three simultaneous reaction, methanol synthesis, methanol dehydration and water gas shift reaction, in the process. we would find the optimal condition of the process which these advantages. The optimal condition of DME synthesis reaction over a commercial $Cu/Zn/Al_2O_3$ catalyst and Hybrid catalyst in a fixed bed reactor. The syngas-to-dimethyl ether conversion was examined on various reaction condition (Temperature 473~553K, $H_2/CO$ ratio 1~3, Pressure 30'50atm, GHSV 1000~4000).

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.281-286
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• 2009

아임계 및 초임계 조건의 물을 이용하여 캐나다산 Athabasca 오일샌드로부터 역청 추출 및 황 제거 실험을 수행하였다. 0~120 min의 반응시간, 360, $380^{\circ}C$의 온도, 15~30 MPa의 압력 및 $0.074{\sim}0.61g/cm^3$의 물 밀도를 변화시키면서 micro reactor에서 역청 수율을 조사하였다. 역청 수율은 온도에 상관없이 압력이 증가할수록 증가하였으며, 특히 초임계 영역에서 수증기 개질반응에 의해 생성된 수소에 의해 역청의 수율이 급격히 증가하였다. 전체 기상 생성량은 압력 증가에 따라 감소하였으나 $380^{\circ}C$에서 황과 수소의 생성분율은 25 및 30 MPa로 압력 증가에 따라 소량 증가하였다. 이상의 결과는 초임계 조건이 수소의 생성과 황의 제거에 유리하다는 것을 보여준다. 초임계 조건$380^{\circ}C$, 25와 30 MPa)에서 역청 수율은 최대 약 22%였으며, 오일샌드에 함유된 황 제거율도 최대값 40%에 도달하였다.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국신재생에너지학회 2008년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.507-510
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• 2008

Characteristics of an autothermal reformer at various operating parameters have been studied in this paper. Numerical method has been used, and simulation model has been developed for the analysis. Full Combustion reaction, Steam Reforming(SR) reaction, Water-Gas Shift(WGS) reaction, and Direct Steam Reforming(DSR) reaction are assumed as dominant chemical reactions in the autothermal reformer. Simulation results are compared with experimental results for code validation. Operating parameters of the autothermal reformer are inlet temperature, Oxygen to Carbon Ratio(OCR), Steam to Carbon Ratio(SCR), and Gas Hourly Space Veolcity(GHSV). SR reaction rate decreases with low inlet temperature. If OCR is increased, $H_2$ yield is increased but optimal point is suggested. WGS reaction is activated with high SCR. When GHSV is increased, reforming efficiency is increased but pressure drop may decrease the system efficiency.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.423-430
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• 2015

$Cu/ZnO/Al_2O_3$ catalysts for water gas shift (WGS) reaction were synthesized by co-precipitation method with the fixed molar ratio of Cu/Zn/Al precursors as 45/45/10. Copper and zinc precursor were added into sodium carbonate solution for precipitation and aged for 24h. During the aging period, aluminum precursor was added into the aging solution with different time gap from the precipitation starting point: 6h, 12h, and 18h. The resulting catalysts were characterized with SEM, XRD, BET surface measurement, $N_2O$ chemisorption, TPR, and $NH_3$-TPD analysis. The catalytic activity tests were carried out at a GHSV of $27,986h^{-1}$ and a temperature range of 200 to $400^{\circ}C$. The catalyst morphology and crystalline structures were not affected by aluminum precursor addition time. The Cu dispersion degree, surface area, and pore diameter depended on the aging time of Cu-Zn precipitate without the presence of $Al_2O_3$ precursor. Also, the interaction between the active substance and $Al_2O_3$ became more stronger as aging duration, with Al precursor presented in the solution, increased. Therefore, it was confirmed that aluminum precursor addition time affected the catalytic characteristics and their catalytic activities.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.227-233
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• 2014

Simulated waste-derived synthesis gas has been tested for hydrogen production through water-gas shift (WGS) reaction over supported Cu catalysts prepared by co-precipitation method. $CeO_2$, $ZrO_2$, MgO, and $Al_2O_3$ were employed as supports for WGS reaction in this study. $Cu-CeO_2$ catalyst exhibited excellent catalytic activity as well as 100% $CO_2$ selectivity for WGS in severe conditions ($GHSV=40,206h^{-1}$ and CO concentration = 38.0%). In addition, $Cu-CeO_2$ catalyst showed stable CO conversion for 20h without detectable catalyst deactivation. The high activity and stability of $Cu-CeO_2$ catalyst are correlated to its easier reducibility, high oxygen mobility/storage capacity of $CeO_2$.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제64권5호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2022

Hydrogen can be produced by gasification of biomass and other combustible fuels. Depending on oxydant agents, syngas or producer gas compositions become quite different. Since biomass has limited amount of hydrogen including moisture in it, the hydrogen concentration in the syngas is about 15% when air is supplied for oxidant agent. Experiments were conducted to investigate the channges in hydrogen concentrations in syngas with different oxidant agent conditions, fuel conditions, and external heat supply. Allothermal reaction resulted in higher concentrations of hydrogen with the supply of steam over air, reaching over 60%. Hydrogen is produced by water-gas and water-gas shift reactions. These reactions are endothermic and require enough heat. Autothermal reaction occurred in the downdraft gasifier used in the experiment did not provide enough heat in the reactions for hydrogen production. Steam seems a more desirable oxidant agent in producing the syngas with higher concentrations of hydrogen from biomass gasifications since nitrogen is included in syngas when air is used.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2007년도 춘계학술대회B
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• pp.2228-2231
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• 2007

Water gas shift reactor in fuel processing is an important part that converts carbon monoxide into hydrogen. Fuel processing system for PEMFC usually has two stages of WGS reactors, which are high temperature and low temperature shifter. In this study we prepared noble metal catalysts and compared their performances with that of a commercial iron chromium oxide catalyst. Noble metal catalysts and the commercial catalyst showed quite different temperature dependence of carbon monoxide conversion. The conversion of carbon monoxide at the commercial catalyst was very low at medium temperature(${\sim}300^{\circ}C$) and increased rapidly as temperature increased while the conversion at noble metal catalysts was high in the medium temperature range and decreased as temperature increased, which is thermodynamically expected. Their characteristics agreed well with the literature published, and we are accomplishing further study for improvement of the noble metal catalysts.

• 한국군사과학기술학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.528-535
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• 2017

Fuel cells have been spotlighted in the world for being highly efficient and environmentally friendly. A hydrogen which is the fuel of fuel cell can be obtained from a number of sources. Hydrogen source for operating the polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell(PEMFC) in the current underwater environment, such as a submarine and unmanned underwater vehicles are currently from the metal hydride cylinder. However, metal hydride has many limitations for using hydrogen carrier, such as large volume, long charging time, limited storage capacity. To solve these problems, we suggest diesel reformer for hydrogen supply source. Diesel fuel has many advantages, such as high hydrogen storage density, easy to transport and also well-infra structure. However, conventional diesel reforming system for PEMFC requires a large volume and complex CO removal system for lowering the CO level to less than 10 ppm. In addition, because the preferential oxidation(PROX) reaction is the strong exothermic reaction, cooling load is required. By changing this PROX reactor to hydrogen separation membrane, the problem from PROX reactor can be solved. This is because hydrogen separation membranes are small and permeable to pure hydrogen. In this study, we conducted the pressurized diesel reforming and water-gas shift reaction experiment for the hydrogen separation membrane application. Then, the hydrogen permeation experiments were performed using a Pd alloy membrane for the reformate gas.