• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.5-17
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• 2011

Objectives : Gliosis becomes physical and mechanical barrier to axonal regeneration. Reactive gliosis induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion is involved with up-regulation of CD81 and GFAP (Glial fibrillary acidic protein). The current study is to examine the effect of the Angelica gigas Nakai(intravenous injection. 100 mg/kg twice in a day) on CD81 and GFAP of the rat in the brain after middle cerebral artery occlusion. Methods : Cerebral infarction was induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion. And after intravenous injection of water extract of Angelica gigas Nakai, the size of cerebral infarction was measured. Examination of optical microscope were also used to detect the expression of CD81 and GFAP in the brain of the rat. Results : The following results were obtained : We found that size of cerebral infarcion induced by MCAO (Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion) in rats were decreased after intravenous injection of Angelica gigas Nakai. We injected the extract of Angelica gigas Nakai to the MCAO in rats, and the optical microscope study showed that Angelica gigas Nakai had effect on protecting the cells of hippocampus. We found that GFAP, CD81 and ERK of the brain in rats with cerebral infarction after MCAO were meaningfully decreased after intravenous injecting Angelica gigas Nakai. We found that c-Fos expression of the brain in rats with cerebral infarction after MCAO were significantly increased after intravenous injecting Angelica gigas Nakai. Conclusions : These results indicate that Angelica gigas Nakai could suppress the reactive gliosis, which disturbs the astrocyte regeneration in the brain of the rat with cerebral infarction after MCAO by controlling the expression of CD81 and GFAP. And the effect may be modulated by the up-regulation of c-Fos and ERK.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2021.04a
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• pp.36-36
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• 2021

Cryopreservation has been broadly used as an efficient method for a long-term conservation for many types of plants especially vegetatively propagated plants. Among several cryopreservation methods, a droplet-vitrification was the most widely applicable and efficient method. Studies have developed protocols for strawberry using droplet-vitrification method and suggested the practical use of the protocol for large number of germplasm with a little modification. In this study, the droplet vitrification method of shoot tip has been tested on 31 accessions provided around the world. Shoot tips were precultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) liquid medium supplemented with 0.3~0.5M sucrose. Precultured explants were osmoprotected with loading solution, 35% of PVS3 (C4, 17.5% glycerol and 17.5% sucrose) for 40 min and exposed to dehydration solution, PVS3 (B1, 50% glycerol and 50% sucrose) for 60 min. Then, the explants were transferred onto droplets containing 2.5 uL PVS3 on sterilized aluminum foils prior to direct immersion in liquid nitrogen (LN) for 1hr. The cryopreserved shoot tips were rapidly warmed in a water bath at 40C and then unloaded in MS with 0.8M sucrose for 40 min. The shoot tips were cultured in NH₄NO₃-free MS post culture medium for 2 weeks. Subsequently, the explants were moved to the MS medium for 6 weeks and evaluated the regrowth rate. By this droplet-vitrification protocol, twenty-four accessions showed at least 40% regrowth rate. Out of 24 accessions, 'Nonsan1ho' had the highest regeneration rate of 85.8% and 'Jumbo pureberry' had the lowest with 42.1%.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.19-38
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• 2023

Nitrous oxide, one of the six greenhouse gases from Kyoto protocol, is known to be emitted in biological nitrification and denitrification reactions at wastewater treatment plant. In this study, EQPS which is a computer program that can simulate nitrous oxide gas emission amount at wastewater treatment plants is used. The MLE process which treats wastewater from combined sewer is studied. Operational variables which are MLR, water temperature at reactor and primary clarifier by-pass percentage are changed to define the condition which produces the least amount of nitrous oxide gas. 200 % of MLR, 20 ℃ of water temperature at bioreactor and 15 % of primary clarifier by-pass percentage are shown the least nitrous oxide emission factor. Also, it is found that the deep aeration tank produces less amount of nitrous oxide gas since less air is required to meet oxygen demand in this type of aeration tank.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.415-420
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• 2008

The porcine small intestinal submucosa (SIS) without immunorejection responses and hyalunonic acid (HA) can be used as biomaterials. In this study, we tried to design and characterize novel sponge. SIS- HA sponge was prepared by freeze-drying after addition 1wt% HA solution into fabricated SIS sponge. Sponge was crosslinked with 1-ethyl-(3-3-dimethyl aminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC) solution with 100mM concentration for 24 hrs and lyophilized. SIS-HA sponge was characterized by scanning electron microscopy and fourier transform infrared spectrometer. And water absorption ability of sponge was evaluated. We seeded NIH/3T3 cells in SIS-HA sponge and cellular attachment was assayed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltertazolium-bromide (MTT) test. We demonstrated presence of HA in SIS-HA sponge from C-O functional group observed by the FT-IR analysis. Moreover, we confirmed low cytotoxicity and high cell viability of the SIS-HA sponges. Therefore, we could expect that SIS- HA scaffolds are applicable for the tissue regeneration.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2010

Since carbon dioxide, $CO_2$, was revealed as a major greenhouse gas, techniques for its separation, capture, and storage have received increasing interest in recent years. Aqueous amines are the most widely accepted $CO_2$ absorbents, but they cause the problems such as high regeneration energy, thermal degradation, and loss of absorbents due to their volatility. Ionic liquids having high thermal stability, extremely low vapor pressure, and capability of selectively absorbing specific gases have been proposed as new $CO_2$ capturing solvents which may potentially replace aqueous amines. By reviewing the ionic liquids having capability to absorb $CO_2$ reported in previous papers, we seek to develop a comprehensive understanding on the factors that influence the $CO_2$ solubility in ionic liquids such as their structures, absorption temperature, pressure, water content, etc., and to estimate the potential of ionic liquids as $CO_2$ separating media.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.545-553
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• 2021

In 2021, seven yeast strains were isolated from earthworm (Eisenia andrei) gut samples collected from the Nanji Water Regeneration Center in Goyang City, Gyeonggi Province, Korea. A total of seven yeasts were isolated, of which three strains have not been previously reported in Korea. To identify the yeasts, pairwise sequence comparisons of large subunit (LSU) rDNA sequences were performed using the basic local alignment search tool (BLAST). Assimilation test and cell morphology analysis were performed using the API 20C AUX kit and phase contrast microscope, respectively. Five of the seven strains were assigned to the genus Candida of the order Saccharomycetales of the class Saccharomycetes, and two to the genus Apiotrichum of the order Trichosporonales of the class Tremellomycetes. The yeast strain Candida sojae E2 belongs to the family Debaryomycetaceae, and Apiotrichum laibachii E8 and A. laibachii E9 belong to the family Trichosporonaceae. All strains were cultured in yeast mold agar for three days and showed different colony forms. C. sojae E2 was round and entire shaped, while A. laibachii E8 and A. laibachii E9 was round and convex shaped. This study focuses on the description of the three yeast strains that have not been officially reported in Korea.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.24-35
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• 2009

Object : In conditions of brain infarction, irreversible axon damage occurs in the central nerve system (CNS), because gliosis makes physical and mechanical barriers. If gliosis formation could be suppressed, irreversible axon damage would be reduced. This could mean that an injured CNS could be regenerated. CD81 and GFAP have close relationships to gliosis. The increase in glial cells at CNS injury gives rise to the expression of CD81 and GFAP. CD81 was postulated to play a central role in the process of CNS scar formation. Method : In this study, the author investigated the effect of the water extract of the Moutan Radicis Cortex on regulation of CD81 and GFAP expression in injured CNS cells. MTT assay was used to examine cell viability, while RT-PCR and ELISA methods were carried out to measure the expression of CD81 and GFAP in the astrocyte. Results : We observed that water extract of the Moutan Radicis Cortex increased cell viability under hypoxia induced by $CoCl_2$ and suppressed the expression of CD81 and GFAP up-regulated by hypoxia. Conclusion : These results suggest that the Moutan Redicis Cortex could promote neural regeneration as a consequence of protecting CNS cells from hypoxia and suppressing the reactive gliosis following CNS injury.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.441-446
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• 2008

Dry skin, called xerosis as medical term, is one of the most common skin problems. Many epidemiological studies show that the consumption of foods containing lycopene plays an important role in protecting the epithelial tissue. In this study, water extracts of tomato (WET) containing lycopene were fed and applied to evaluate the effects on dry skin induced by kitchen detergent in rats. These effects were identified by protein analysis and histological changes such as inflammatory erythematic skin as well as acanthosis. The visual scoring for skin observation showed the value such as 4 indicating fiery red with edema after detergent application to skin for 3 wk. However, WET feeding and application to skin showed the decreased values, from 0.7 to 1.0. In addition, it was noteworthy that the epidermis of dry skin show apparent acanthosis with abnormally accentuated keratinization and parakeratosis. However, acanthosis was reversed by feeding and application of WET to dry skin. In order to analyze the effects of WET on dry skin induced by detergent, protein analysis was carried out. The increased amount of protein in dry skin after WET feeding and application would be suggested as one of biochemical mechanisms for recovering the damaged skin. Thus, it would be recommended that water-extracted tomato is a new ingredient in skin regeneration from dry skin induced by detergent.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.378-384
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• 2011

Silk fibroin is a biocompatible and slowly biodegradable natural polymer. This natural polymer has excellent mechanical properties, non-toxicity, and non-immunogenic properties and has been demonstrated to support tissue regeneration. Also, gelatin is a natural material derived from collagen by hydrolysis and has an almost identical composition as that of collagen. Silk fibroin/gelatin scaffolds have been fabricated by using the freeze-drying method. To establish the scaffold manufacturing condition for silk fibroin and gelatin, we made scaffolds with various compositions of gelatin, glutaldehyde and silk fibroin. The silk fibroin/gelatin scaffolds were characterized using SEM, DSC, and water absorption ability tests. The cellular proliferation was evaluated by WST assay. These results suggested that a scaffold containing 8% of gelatin, 1% of glutaldehyde and 0.3 g of silk fibroin provided suitable characterstics for cell adhesion and proliferation. In conclusion, the silk fibroin/gelatin scaffold may serve as a potential cell delivery vehicle and a structural basis for tissue engineering.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.31 no.1 s.49
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• pp.35-41
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• 2005

We investigated the effects of skin hydration and anti-irritation of exopolysaceharide (GF-glucan) produced from submerged culture of Grifola frondosa. The moisturizing effects and trans-epidermal water loss (TEWL) of GF-glucan in cosmetic products (O/W emulsion) were clinically studied. GF-glucan showed good skin hydration effects when compared with sodium hyaluronate which is a commonly using moisturizer. The skin protective effects of GF-glucan against sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) were also found. Twice a day application of the CF-glucan to skin reduced local inflammation remarkably. Irritant reactions were assessed by various aspects of skin function, erythema (skin color reflectance), hydration (electrical capacitance) and TEWL. In the human skin test, 5-day treatment of the GF-glucan was found to reduce SLS-induced skin erythema and Improve bier regeneration. Taken all together, GF-glucan should be a very useful cosmetic ingredient, as a moisturizer, and a protecting agent for various skin irritations.