• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.143-148
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• 1992

The antimutagenic effects of green-yellow vegetables toward aflatoxin B$_1$(AFB$_1$) and 4-nitroquinoline-1-ox-ide (4-NQO) using the Ames assay system with Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100 were studied. Forty six to fifty percent of the methanol extracts of the vegetable samples inhibited the mutagenicity induced by AFB$_1$in TA98 and TA100. Perilla leaf, lettuce, broccoli, crown daisy, water dropwort, small water dropwort, red pepper, red pepper leaves, amaranth, spinach and radish root were significantly reduced the mutagenicity of AFB$_1$(p< 0.01). Whereas 25 out of 27 samples (93%) exhibited antimutagenicity toward a direct mutagen of 4-NQO (p< 0.01. 0.05). The samples which showed the strong antimutagenicity (>60%) were cabbage, kale, lettuce, broccoli, mustard leaf, green red pepper, green sweet pepper, spinach, amaranth, soybean sprout and immature pumpkin. The juices from the several samples also showed antimu-tagenic activity toward AFB$_1$. Cabbage, perilla leaf, small water dropwort and spinach reduced TAT100 revertants dose dependently in the range of 50-500$m\ell$/plate, however, cucumber and carrot showed little effect.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.27 no.7
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• pp.717-728
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• 1994

This study was aimed to screen edible herbs which control the composition of intestinal microflora. With in vitro experiments, we screened the water or ethanol extracts of about 60 edible herbs and wild plants in terms of the inhibition activity on the growth of the harmful Clostridium perfringens and growth promoting activity for the beneficial Bifidobacteria. The water extracts of mugwort and small water dropwort inhibited the growth of Cl.perfringens both in agar diffusion method and broth culture. On the other hand, the water extracts of petasites, mugwort, yellow day-lily and bitter cress have shown the promotion effect on the growth of Bifidobacterium longum. In the culture test using human feces as starter, the extracts of the above selected herbs increased the population of Bifidobacteria and Lactobacillus while they reduced the numbers of Cl.perfringens and E.coli.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.52 no.4
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• pp.316-321
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• 2008

The hepatoprotection by the methanol extract of Oenanthe javanica DC (water dropwort) (OJME) was investigated in Sprague Dawley rats with inducing liver damage by acetaminophen. After OJME administration for 1 week, the increase of hepatic lipid peroxide level by acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity was significantly reduced. In case of phase I microsomal enzyme systems including cytochrome P-450, aminopyrine N-demethylase and aniline hydroxylase, any significant differences between in control and in OJME-pretreated group was observed after acetaminophen treatment. However, the pretreatment of OJME maintained the hepatic glutathione level and the activity of liver cytosolic glutathione S-transferase, which was significantly decreased by the acetaminophen intoxication. Among the glutathione-generating system, glutathione reductase was more responsible for its biosynthesis rather than ${\gamma}-glutamylcystein$ synthetase. OJME itself showed the strong inhibition activity on DPPH radical generation. In conclusion, OJME administration maintains the liver glutathione pool and hepatic glutathione S-transferase activity, in addition with its high anti-oxidative capability, to show hepatoprotective effect from acetaminophen intoxication.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.254-264
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• 2005

This study was conducted to estimate the contents of heavy metals 'Hg, Cd, Pb, As, Zn, Cu, Cr, Mn' in some vegetables which were produced in Korea. The levels of heavy metals were determined using a mercury analyzer, an ICP(inductively coupled plasma spectrometer) and an AAS(atomic absorption spectrophotometer) after wet digestion. The values of heavy metals "mean(mini.~maxi.)" ppm(mg/kg) in some vegetables(raw of perilla leaf, chard, small water dropwort, water dropwort, kale, bud of aralia, pumpkin(round type) and pumpkin(long type) were as follows : Hg : 0.0021(0.0006~0.0054)mg/kg, Cd : 0.0035(ND*~0.0377)mg/kg, Pb : 0.0191(0.0023~0.0928)mg/kg, As : 0.0757(ND~0.5294)mg/kg, Zn : 2.6299(0.4478~6.8567)mg/kg, Cu : 1.0261(0.2046~8.9417)mg/kg, Cr : 0.1535 (0.0240~0.4982)mg/kg, Mn : 3.2476(0.3283~9.8280)mg/kg. This results showed that Mn was generally simillar to previous reports and Cd, Hg, Pb were lower than other reseaches, but As was little higher or Zn, Cu, Cr were higher than the levels of those reported contents in some vegetables on domestic supermarkets in Korea, Although tolerable limit of Hg and Cd is not in a regulation of WHO/FAO, these mean levels(Pb, As, Zn, Cu) are lower than recommended levels of WHO/FAO, Pb "0.1~2.0" mg/kg, As "1.0" mg/kg, Zn "5.0" mg/kg and Cu "0.1~50"mg/kg from vegetables in 'the tolerable contents of food' by the FAO/WHO, therefor some vegetables has set to evaluate their safeties.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.253-259
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• 2015

BACKGROUND: During the off-season, the cultivation of Chinese cabbage and water dropwort is often used to desalinize plastic film house soils. The objective of this study was to verify the effect of double-cropping systems on the salt removal in oriental melon cultivated plastic film house soils.METHODS AND RESULTS: Electrical conductivity (EC) and soluble salt contents were measured in soils collected from plastic film houses of oriental melon cultivation before and after the off-season crop cultivation. Also the same measurements were performed in the next oriental melon season to estimate the desalinization effect of double-cropping systems. During the cultivation of Chinese cabbage under open-field condition, EC_eof surface soil was reduced from 6.0 to 0.8 dS/m. Double-cropping of water dropwort in flooded soil was also efficient in removing the salts accumulated during oriental melon cultivation. In the house soils where salts were removed during the off-season crop cultivation, soil EC_ewas maintained below 3 dS/m during the next oriental melon cultivation season.CONCLUSION: The off-season cropping under open-field or flooded condition was effective in desalinization of plastic film house soils. Since the salt removal effect is not expected to last for several years, the double-cropping system should be introduced every season to maintain soil EC below the critical level.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.161-168
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• 1992

On the mutagenicity induced by 3-amino-l,4-dimethyl-5-H-pyrido[4,3-b]indol (Trp-P-1) and 2-aminotluorene (2-AF), the antimutagenic effects of edible muntain herb juices were examined by the Ames assay using Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100. Juices prepared from aralia bud, small water dropwort, mugwort, roots of belltlower and sedum didn't have mutagenicity. Most of sample juices showed the antimutagenicity. Especially, juices prepared from aralia bud, small water dropwort and mugwort were found to possess strong antimutagenic effects. Sedum was moderatly effective and root of belltlower had little effect on mutagenicity caused by Trp-P1 and 2-AF. The experimental results with TA98 were similar to those with TA100 in the antimutagenicity test of edible mountain herb juices. In this study, antimutagenicity on Trp-P-1 was more effective than that on 2-AF.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.633-638
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• 1998

Fibrionolytic activity(FA) of kimchi in rat and FAs of water and methanol extracts of kimchi ingredient were determined using fibrin plate method to see where the active principles for FA are present in kimchi. Nine Sprague-Dawley per each group were fed diet containing 3, 5 or 10% of freeze dried kimchi for 6 weeks. The FA of plasma obtained from 10% kimchi group showed stronger FA than that of control. FAs of 3 and 5% kimchi group were not noticeable. FA from methanol extract of kimchi was approximately 6 times higher than that from water extract assuming that the active material may be present in a fat soluble fraction. From water extract of kimchi ingredients, dropwort, green onion, radish and baechu showed FA in descending order. And from methanol extracts, red pepper powder, radish, green onion and baechu showed FA in decending order. The Fa of methanol extract of red pepper powder was the most noticeable among samples.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.32 no.8
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• pp.1344-1350
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• 2003

This study was performed to investigate the antioxidative effect as the inhibition of malondialdehyde (MDA) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) conjugation reaction, inhibition of lipid peroxidation and the scavenging effect on 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) radical, and antimutagenic capacities as the Ames test in 7 common vegetables taken by Korean for suggestion of prevention and dietetic treatment of chronic diseases and development of antioxidative and antimutagenic functional food. The water fractions of perilla leaves and sedum were most effective in the inhibition of MDA and BSA conjugation reaction showing 62.5% of inhibition rate among 7 vegetables. The inhibition rates of ethanol fractions of sedum and wild water dropwort on the lipid peroxidation were 67.1% and 61.5%, respectively. The ethanol fractions of crown daisy and wild water dropwort showed the most effective results among 7 vegetables in the DPPH radical scavenging capacities showing inhibition rate of 78.8% and 73.6%, respectively. The indirect and direct antimutagenic effects of ethanol extract of 7 vegetables were examined by Ames test using Salmonella typimurium TA98 and TA100. Inhibitory effects of wild water dropwort was superior to the other vegetables on the Ames test. These results suggest that common 7 vegetables taken by Korean are believed to be a possible antioxidative and antimutagenic capacities, although the results were different, more or less, according to the assay method and vegetables used.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.106-108
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• 2007

The Symptoms of witches' broom disease caused by phytoplasma including general stunting and yellowing, were observed in leafy lespedeza (Lespedeza cyrtobotrya M.) on Doam-myeon, Pyeongchang-gun, in 2006. Based on the sequence analysis of PCR-amplified 16S ribosomal DNA and 16S-23S spacer region DNA products using universal phytoplasma primers, the phytoplasma associated with leafy lespedeza witches' broom (LLWB) disease was identified as a member of Candidatus Pytoplasma trifolii. It was most closely related to alsike clover proliferation phytoplasma (99.8% similarity, accession no. AY390261), Candidatus Pytoplasma trifolii strain. RFLP patterns generated with AluI, HpaII clearly differentiated LLWB phytoplasma from the referenced phytoplasma strains, water dropwort witches' broom, mulberry dwarf, glehni aster yellow dwarf and jujube witches' broom. This paper is the first report on Candidatus Phytoplasma trifolii in leafy lespedeza identified at a molecular level.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.28 no.9
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• pp.825-833
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• 1995

This study was performed to investigate the influence of dietary fiber, which from whole food on the serum lipid level and bowel function in rats. The fiber sources of experimental diets were prepared by drying and milling of small water dropwort(WD), mugwort(MW), butterbur(BB) and apple(AP). Each fiber sources was mixed at the 15% level of the diet. The level of dietary fiber in WD, MW, BB diets was similar but that in AP diet was slightly low. Male rats of Sprague-Dawley strain were blocked into 5 groups ; WD, MW, BB, AP, FF(fiber free). The animals were fed ad libitum each of experimental diets for 37 days. Food intake of AP and FF groups were than other groups, FF group was lower than other grous in food efficiency ratio. MW group showed highest level in fecal weight and fecal water content and group has the longest transit time compare to other groups. Serum triglyceride level was not significantly different among groups. BB group showed the lowest level in the serum total cholesterol. WD and MW groups showed slightly higher level in the serum HDL cholesterol than other groups. Mucosa weight was not significantly different among groups. The activity of maltase in mucosa of small intestine was highest in FF groups. Absorption rates of calcium were not significantly different among groups. Absorption rate of magnesium was higher in FF group compare to others. And, absorption rates of phosphorus in MW and FF groups were slightly lower than other groups.