• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
• /
• v.28 no.6
• /
• pp.804-812
• /
• 2012

This study contemplated domestic and other country's effluent limitation standards and suggested a methodology to establish technology-base limitation value. Current effluent limitation regulates industrial point sources discriminated by discharge flow rate and by regional distinction in Korea. Discharged $BOD_5$ load from large-scale plants(flow rate above $2,000\;m^3/day)$ exceeds 50% of overall industrial wastewater, which present rationale for discrimination based on plant size. However, regional distinction and pollutant- specific regulation might be insufficient to meet practical effectiveness of wastewater management policy, due to the nearly same limitation. Water quality data and treatment methods were investigated in hospital industry. And their distribution of effluent $BOD_5$ concentrations was statistically analyzed to suggest limitation value. Effluent $BOD_5$ concentrations showed lognormal distribution and $95^{th}$ percentile was corresponded to 87.9 mg/L, which could be suggested as tentative effluent limitation in hospital industry. The $95^{th}$ percentile of log-transformed distribution showed similar value of 86.5 mg/L. This study demonstrated reasonable methodology for establishing effluent limitation reflecting wastewater characteristic and treatment technology in separately categorized industry.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
• /
• v.47 no.1
• /
• pp.93-102
• /
• 2005

A prototype surface flow constructed wetland was built in the upstream area of Sihwa reclaimed tidal lands to improve the water quality of Lake Sihwa by treating severely polluted stream water. In this study, we monitored hydrology, macrophyte (Phragmites communis Trin,) growth, and water quality in the Banwol and Donghwa wetlands to evaluate their performance during the initial period after the completion of wetland construction, The average removal efficiency($\%$) in each wetland was relatively low compared with the performance data from the North America Wetland Treatment System Database (NADB), which mainly includes urban sewage-treatment wetlands. However, the average removal rates per unit area ($g/m^{2}/day$) were 0.72, 0.72 and 0.51 (BOD), 2,04, 2.46 and 0.70 (SS), 0.89, 0.43 and 1.09 (TN) and 0.02, 0.02 and 0.02 (TP) in the Banwol and Donghwa wetlands and NADB, respectively. The overall performance of the Banwol and Donghwa wetlands was within the expected range of the wetland system processes contributing the reduction of the pollutant load to Lake Sihwa during the initial period of wetland operation. Considering the low influent concentration, high hydraulic loading rate, and insufficient macrophyte growth since the wetland was constructed, better performance is expected if an improved operational scheme is adopted.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
• /
• v.18 no.3
• /
• pp.244-249
• /
• 2016

Anaerobic digester supernatant including high concentrations of nitrogen is recycled to water treatment line and make pollutant load increase in municipal wastewater treatment plant(MWTP). To treat nitrogen in anaerobic digester supernatant is suggested the method of MWTP retrofit. In this study, the lab scale reactor was operated about 200 days using supernatant of anaerobic digester. The results could draw operation condition that ammonium nitrogen removal efficiency more than 90% and nitrite conversion efficiency over 70%. Correlation between operation efficiency and operation factors was analyzed based on the operation results. Ammonium nitrogen remove efficiency and nitrite conversion efficiency were related to solid retention time (SRT), ammonium nitrogen load and ammonium nitrogen loading per unit mixed liquer suspended solid (MLSS). Results of this study can be used effective data on nitritation of supernatant of anaerobic digester, and be expected to increase availability of nitritation.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
• /
• v.27 no.4
• /
• pp.353-366
• /
• 2018

The purpose of this study was assessment the quality of water by using the statistical analysis technique of the Water flow and water quality from January 2012 to December 2016 at the unit basin for total pollutant load management system (TPLMS) in the Imjin River. Water flow and water quality were monitored at an average of 8 day intervals, 11 parameters were used for correlation analysis, principal component analysis (PCA), factor analysis (FA), and cluster analysis (CA). The Hierarchical CA was classified into three according to the change of space, such as natural rivers, urban rivers, point with large influence of point pollution source, it was found that the type of contamination source the similarity of water quality affected the classification of cluster. Using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and post-hoc Analysis, there were statistically significant differences between mean values among the clusters. Correlation analysis showed the correlation coefficient between $COD_{Mn}$ and TOC was 0.951 (p<0.01) and the correlation was statistically significantly higher. According to the result PCA and FA, 3 principal components can explaining 72% of the total variations in water quality characteristics and main factor was EC, $BOD_5$, $COD_{Mn}$, TN, TP and TOC indirect indicators of organic matter and nutrients were influenced. This study presented the regression equation obtained by applying the factor scores to the multiple linear regression analysis and concluded that the management Indirect indicators of organic matter and nutrients is important for water quality management in the Imjin River basin.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
• /
• v.20 no.8
• /
• pp.977-986
• /
• 2011

This study analyzed the characteristics of stormwater runoff in the orchard areas and quantitatively estimated effluence of nonpoint source pollutants for the volume of runoff. Two target areas under vine cultivation were each $2,000m^2$ and $1,800m^2$, located in Gyeongju City. Since grape was the only crop on the target area, the characteristics of stormwater runoff at vineyard could be evaluated independently. A total of 51 rainfall events in the vineyard area during two years(2008-2009) was surveyed, and 19 of them became stormwater runoff, with rainfall ranging 16.5 - 79.7 mm and antecedent dry period of 1-13 days. The pollutant runoff loads by volume of stormwater runoff showed BOD ranging 19.5 - 45.3% in 30% of runoff volume. The average pollution discharge rate was 32.4%, indicating small first flush effect of BOD. The range of SS concentrations was 5 - 52.0% in 10% of runoff volume, showing the average 28.7% of discharge rate, about 3 times more than rainfall effluent. TOC and TN appeared to be similar to the results of BOD, the average discharge rate of 30.9% and 30.6% for TOC and TN, respectively, for 30% of stormwater runoff volume. Average discharge rate of COD and TP in the same runoff volume was 35.1% and 36%, respectively, showing comparatively high discharge ratio. As the targeted vineyard area was permeable land, the pollution load ratio against rainfall-runoff volume appeared to be 1:1, implying no strong first flush effect for all the survey items.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
• /
• v.34 no.1
• /
• pp.1-9
• /
• 2018

In this study, the load of the river was calculated by using the actual data of the Yeong-bon C1, Yeong-bon C2, Yeong-bon C3 monitoring points of the Yeong-san river watershed to determine the excess. As a result, the BOD is 75.83 % at the Yeong-bon C1 and the five-year average value is higher than at other points. The Yeong-bon C3 was 72.15 % and Yeong-bon C2 was analyzed as 68.78 %. The five-year average of the T-P was 71.95 % for the Yeong-bon C2 and 69.86 % for the Yeong-bon C3 and 69.16 % for Yeong-bon C1; these levels exceeded the target water quality standards of 50 %. As a result of analyzing the pollutant load, we found that the Yeong-bon C1 has been highly affected by the nonpoint pollution source because the excess rate is high in the upper section of the flow rate. The Yeong-bon C2 showed a high excess rate in the lower part of the flow rate, and it was estimated that the influence of the point pollution source was large. The excess rate of the Yeong-bon C3 is small in the interval deviation, and it was evaluated as being affected by both point and non-point pollution sources. The TMDL monitoring network data were used to estimate the exceed ratio for the target water quality assessment, and the implementation evaluation was made by the flow exceedance probability interval to analyze the monitoring data so that the data could be utilized according to the purpose of the measurement network.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
• /
• v.22 no.2
• /
• pp.107-120
• /
• 2019

In this study, the characteristics of watershed and pollution source were investigated in SoOakcheon located in the upper stream of Daecheong Lake. The Dimension Index method was applied to index various watershed and pollution source data. The influence factors of each pollutant source were derived through correlation analysis between selected index and water quality monitoring data. BOD and COD were significantly influenced by population density and land area ratio, T-N by CN and rice area ratio, and T-P by population density and land area ratio, respectively. The discharge load is often used to establish non-point source countermeasures, but there is a difference between the water load and the water load in the lake or river. Therefore, in order to manage non-point pollution efficiently, it is necessary to analyze influential factors with high correlation with water quality and to manage the relevant factors with priority.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
• /
• v.21 no.6
• /
• pp.917-925
• /
• 2012

In this study, we report the runoff characteristics of pollutants for Tamjin A and B watershed in Tamjin river basin using statistical analysis, such as correlation analysis and regression equation. Flow rate and water qualtiy data collected from 2 sampling sites(Tamjin A and B watershed) during 3 years(2009~2011) were analyzed for biochemical oxygen demand(BOD), total nitorgen(TN), total phosphorus(TP) and suspended solid(SS). The results showed that strong correlations were observed between flow rate and SS in Tamjin A, while weak correlations were observed among the BOD, TN, and TP. In Tamjin B, strong correlations were observed among the flow rate, SS and T-P except BOD and TP. Meanwhile, the values of $R^2$ for regression equations between flow rate and pollutants load were greater than 0.7. Results of these statistics indicated that there was a good agreement between flow rate and pollutants load. Also, the flow rate exponents of regression equations for BOD, TN, and TP were smaller than 1 in Tamjin A. In Tamjin B, flow rate exponents of regression equation for BOD and TP were smaller than 1. These results indicated that concentrations of BOD, TN, TP in Tamjin A and concentrations of BOD and TP were decreased as the flow rate was increased. This means that rater than nonpoint sources, point sources affect BOD, TN and TP in Tamjin A and BOD and TP in Tamjin B.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
• /
• v.22 no.2
• /
• pp.1-14
• /
• 2019

In rural areas, composting is a source of non-point pollutants. However, as the quantitative distribution and loading have not been estimated, it is difficult to determine the effect of composting on stream water quality. In this study, composting datum acquired by unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV) was verified by using terrestrial LiDAR, and the management status and load change of the composting was investigated by UAV with manual control flight, thereby obtaining the basic data to determine the effect on the water system. As a result of the comparative accuracy assessment based on terrestrial LiDAR, the difference in the digital surface model(DSM) was within 0.21m and the accuracy of the volume was 93.24%. We expect that the accuracy is sufficient to calculate and utilize the composting load acquired by UAV. Thus, the management status of composting can be investigated by UAV. As the total load change of composting were determined to be $1,172.16m^3$, $1,461.66m^3$, and $1,350.53m^3$, respectively, the load change of composting could be confirmed. We expect that the results of this study can contribute to efficient management of non-point source pollution by UAV.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
• /
• v.39 no.2 s.116
• /
• pp.187-197
• /
• 2006

A mathematical modeling program called Hydrological Simulation Program-FORTRAN (HSPF) developed by the United States Environmental Protection Agency(EPA) was applied to the Yongdam Watershed to examine its applicability for loading estimates in watershed scale. It was run under BASINS (Better Assessment Science for Integrating point and Nonpoint Sources) program, and the model was validated using monitoring data of 2002 ${\sim}$ 2003. The model efficiency of runoff was high in comparison between simulated and observed data, while it was relatively low in the water quality parameters. But its reliability and performance were within the expectation considering complexity of the watershed and pollutant sources and land uses intermixed in the watershed. The estimated pollutant load from Yongdam watershed for BOD, T-N and T-P was 1,290,804 kg $yr{-1}$, 3,753,750 kg $yr{-1}$ and 77,404 kg $yr{-1}$,respectively. Non-point source (NPS) contribution was high showing BOD 57.2%, T-N 92.0% and T-P 60.2% of the total annual loading in the study area. The NPS loading during the monsoon rainy season (June to September) was about 55 ${\sim}$ 72% of total NPS loading, and runoff volume was also in a similar rate (69%). However, water quality was not necessarily high during the rainy season, and showed a decreasing trend with increasing water flow. Overall, the BASINS/HSPF was applied to the Yongdam watershed successfully without difficulty, and it was found that the model could be used conveniently to assess watershed characteristics and to estimate pollutant loading in watershed scale.