• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.393-399
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• 2010

We analyzed the HACCP prerequisite of National Veterinary Research and Quarantine Service (NVRQS) and the Food Establishment Inspection Report of US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to recommend contents and ranges to be complemented and used for preparation of guidelines for more effective application of HACCP prerequisites. We used the HACCP inspection reports implemented by Korea Livestock Products HACCP Accreditation Service from 2007 to 2009, FDA Food Code 2009 Guide 3-B Instructions for Marking the Food Establishment Inspection Report, and Retail Food Establishment Sanitation Requirements of 410 Indiana Administrative Code. Major non-compliance items were open doors and windows, insanitary cleaning of in-use utensil, inadequate record of warehousing, and improper storage, transportation, and labelling. Hot water supply, personal hygiene, and regular product testing were additional week points which should be more strongly controlled by detailed operating guidelines. Also, current prerequisite items were required revision into more precise contents to enhanced the effective evaluation and practical application in meat markets.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2006년도 심포지엄 논문집 정보 및 제어부문
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• pp.6-8
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• 2006

Using enhanced ordering scheme of graylevel in an image, we can apply it to lossless image compression in this paper. The proposed method is ordering scheme to replace an original grayscale image with a particular ordered image without additional information. From the simulation, it is verified that the proposed method reduces the bit rates than plain ordering scheme. And it can be applied in various fields of lossless compression, water marking and edge detection.

• 한국컴퓨터산업교육학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국컴퓨터산업교육학회 2003년도 제4회 종합학술대회 논문집
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• pp.5-10
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• 2003

본 논문에서는 wavelet을 이용한 워터마크 삽입 시스템 구현을 제안한다. wavelet 변환 기법은 JPEG2000 이나 MPEG-4와 같은 차세대 데이터 압축 표준의 기본적 연산으로서 DCT연산에 비해 주파수 해상도와 시간해상도를 모두 만족시킨다. 제안한 시스템은 크게 DWT 변환모듈, 워터마크 삽입모듈, IDWT 복원모듈, Main Controller모듈로 구성된다. DWT 변환모듈은 Haar 웨이블렛 변환알고리즘을 기반으로 설계 됐으며 1차 신축을 통해 변환된 주파수 영역에서 중간주파수 대역(LH 및 HL)을 선택하여 워터마크를 삽입하는 워터마크 삽입 모듈, IDWT를 이용 신호를 복원하는 모듈, 전체시스템 구성 블록을 제어하는 Main Controller모듈로 구성된다.

• 한국정보과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보과학회 2004년도 봄 학술발표논문집 Vol.31 No.1 (A)
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• pp.349-351
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• 2004

비디오는 인접한 프레임들간에 유사성이 있는 연속된 프레임들로 구성된다. 만약 인접한 프레임들간에 유사성이 존재하는 영역, 즉 움직임이 없는 영역에 워터마크를 삽입한다면 워터마크는 인지되기 쉽다. 본 논문에서는 워터마크의 투영성과 강인성을 위하여 이와 같은 비디오의 특성을 고려한 3D-DCT 계수를 이용한다. 즉, 3D-DCT 압축을 위한 양자화 상수에서 민감도를 유도하고 전역적인 움직임에 비해 지역적인 움직임이 큰 영역의 민감도를 조절한 후 움직임의 크기에 비례해서 시각적으로 중요한 계수를 워터마크를 삽입한다. 실험을 통하여 비디오의 특성을 고려하지 않고 3D-DCT 계수를 이용하는 기존의 방법과 비교해서 PSNR은 유사하지만 JND를 기반으로 하였기 때문에 워터마크의 투명성을 보장하였고 MPEG 압축 및 시간적 공격에 대한 강인성은 약 5% 정도의 성능향상이 있음을 확인하였다.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제25권3B호
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• pp.557-564
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• 2000

This paper presents a watermarking algorithm for embedding visually recognizable pattern (Mark, Logo, Symbol, stamping or signature) into the image. first, the color image(RGB model)is transformed in YCbCr model and then the Y component is transformed into 3-level wavelet transform. Next, the values are assembled with pattern watermark. PN(pseudo noise) code at spread spectrum communication method and mutilevel watermark weights. This values are inserted into discrete wavelet domain. In our scheme, new calculating method is designed to calculate wavelet transform with integer value in considering the quantization error. and we used the color conversion with fixed-point arithmetic to be easy to make the hardware hereafter. Also, we made the new solution using mutilevel threshold to robust to common signal distortions and malicious attack, and to enhance quality of image in considering the human visual system. the experimental results showed that the proposed watermarking algorithm was superior to other similar water marking algorithm. We showed what it was robust to common signal processing and geometric transform such as brightness. contrast, filtering. scaling. JPEG lossy compression and geometric deformation.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.51-57
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• 1994

A nuluk, a Korean traditional koji for brewing, was made with wheat flour and Aspergillus usamii mot. shirousamii S1 which had strong abilities in producing amylase and protease. The cultural conditions for the production of saccharogenic and proteolytic enzymes were tested. The productivities of saccharogenic and dextrogenic enzymes were improved when nuluk was made with unsteamed wheat flour as compared with steamed one, but those of proteolytic enzyme and organic acid were reduced. The addition of water containing 0.5% of hydrochloric acid was unfavorable for the production of saccharogenic, dextrogenic and proteolytic enzymes. The optimum ratios of water added to wheat flour for the production of saccharogenic enzyme and proteolytic enzyme were 32% and 28%, respectively on the basis of wheat flour. The optimum temperatures for the production of saccharogenic enzyme and proteolytic enzyme were 36$^{\circ}C$ and 28$^{\circ}C$, respectively. The activity of saccharogenic enzyme reached its maximum after 120 hours of cultivation at 36$^{\circ}C$, but that of proteolytic enzyme 96 hours. The productivity of saccharogenic enzyme was enhanced when the nuluk was molded after 24 hours of precultivation but that of proteolytic enzyme was reduced as compared with no molding.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제6권5호
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• pp.340-346
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• 1996

In order to find out if staphylococci occur in significant numbers in Korean fermented fish products, a total of 40 different fermented fish products were collected from different markets in Korea and analyzed for their physico-chemical and microbiological states. The pH, salt concentration and water activity of the products were measured and the total viable cell count and the number of Staphylococcus grown on mannitol salt agar were determined. The identification of the strains of Staphylococcus were made by API Staph Strip and MIS identification kits, and the physiological properties of the identified strains were further characterized by different conventional methods. The pH, salt content and water activity of fermented fish samples varied widely from 4.8 to 7.1, 7.4-28.7$%$ and 0.77-0.84, repectively, depending on the type of product. The total viable cell count varied from $10^4-10^9$ cfu/ml, and most of the samples had $10^5-10^6$ cfu/ml No correlation was found between the viable cell count and the pH, NaCl concentration and water activity of the samples. Among the 35 colonies identified as Staphylococcus strains by the identification kits, S. xylosus was the most frequently occurring strain marking 17, and S. warneri was 8, S. epidermidis 4 and S. cohnii 2. S. hominis, S. saprophyticus, S. haemolyticus and S. aureus were also identified once each. In some samples (K-3, P-6, K-8, G-5 and G-10), 2-3 different species of Staphylococcus were found. Considering the region of sampling, among the 10 samples from Kunsan 5 were identified as S. warneri, while in the other regions S. xylosus was predominant. Although the physiological characteristics of the identified strains were generally consistent with those in Bergey's Manual, some discrepances were also observed. All the strains were highly salt tolerant, growing in the media containing over 18$%$ NaCl. All the strains except S. aureus (G-11) showed negative in hemolysis activity, plasma coagulation and DNase tests. All the strains including S. aureus (G-11) showed negative in enterotoxin test.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.722-727
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• 2017

Livestock manure is known to be the main cause of non-point pollution in agricultural areas. The pollutant reduction ratio of livestock manure recycling to fertilizers was measured in order to analyze the effect on the water quality of the Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) system in Korea. The reduction ratio has been applied by theoretical consideration without a survey, and there is no value for Total Organic Carbon (TOC) newly introducing any organic items. The reduction ratio of each pollutant from this study was revealed as follows: TOC, BOD, T-N and T-P were 0.34, 0.60, 0.37, and 0.42 for individual farm and 0.38, 0.61, 0.45 and 0.44 for entrustment facilities, respectively. The reduction ratio of individual farm was surveyed as TOC 0.63, BOD 0.62, T-N 0.42 and T-P 0.32 for liquid fertilizer, and TOC 0.30, BOD 0.64, T-N 0.40 and T-P 0.48 for compost. The total reduction ratio was derived by multiplying the ratio for liquid fertilizer and compost by the respective load. Compared to the pollutant reduction ratio of the individual farm with entrustment facilities marking the higher in liquid fertilizer and the lower in compost. Through this study, we found the difference of pollutant reduction ratio between a livestock manure recycling process and facilities. Although phosphorus is known as a preservative matter, the treatment efficiency of T-P is analyzed to decrease by chemical precipitation.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2022년도 학술발표회
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• pp.334-334
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• 2022

Improvement of old-fashioned rain gauge systems for automatic, timely, continuous, and accurate precipitation observation is highly essential for weather/climate prediction and natural hazards early warning, since the occurrence frequency and intensity of heavy and extreme precipitation events (especially floods) are recently getting more increase and severe worldwide due to climate change. Although rain gauge accuracy of 0.1 mm is recommended by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO), the traditional rain gauges in both weighting and tipping bucket types are often unable to meet that demand due to several existing technical limitations together with higher production and maintenance costs. Therefore, we aim to introduce a newly developed and cost-effective hybrid rain gauge system at 0.1 mm accuracy that combines advantages of weighting and tipping bucket types for continuous, automatic, and accurate precipitation observation, where the errors from long-term load cells and external environmental sources (e.g., winds) can be removed via an automatic drainage system and artificial intelligence-based data quality control procedure. Our rain gauge system consists of an instrument unit for measuring precipitation, a communication unit for transmitting and receiving measured precipitation signals, and a database unit for storing, processing, and analyzing precipitation data. This newly developed rain gauge was designed according to the weather instrument criteria, where precipitation amounts filled into the tipping bucket are measured considering the receiver's diameter, the maximum measurement of precipitation, drainage time, and the conductivity marking. Moreover, it is also designed to transmit the measured precipitation data stored in the PCB through RS232, RS485, and TCP/IP, together with connecting to the data logger to enable data collection and analysis based on user needs. Preliminary results from a comparison with an existing 1.0-mm tipping bucket rain gauge indicated that our developed rain gauge has an excellent performance in continuous precipitation observation with higher measurement accuracy, more correct precipitation days observed (120 days), and a lower error of roughly 27 mm occurred during the measurement period.

• 한국컴퓨터산업학회논문지
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.647-660
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• 2003

정보가 무형의 재화로 인식되는 상황을 초월해 국방, 치안, 금융, 정치, 교육 등의 광범위한 분야에 위치하고 있는 지식 정보화 시대에서 수많은 정보에 대한 보안의 필요성은 계속해서 증가되고 있는 실정이다. 또한 정보의 바다라고 불리는 인터넷에서의 개인 인증을 위한 아이디(ID)와 패스워드(Password)의 개수 증가에 따른 분실이나 망각, 그리고 도용은 다양한 사회문제를 낳고 있다. 이러한 문제에 대한 대안으로, 생체인식(Biometries)을 비롯한, 서명(Signature), 스마트 카드(Smart Card), 워터마킹(Water-marking)을 통한 여러 인증 시스템들이 개발되고 있다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 이러한 지문의 특성을 이용한 기존 연구결과를 바탕으로 효율성이 좋은 지문 인식 알고리즘 구현을 위한 지문에서의 고유한 특징이 될 수 있는 요소를 추출함을 보여준다.