• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제51권3호
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• pp.153-158
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• 2008

토양으로부터 tyrosinase 저해제를 생산하는 방선균 F-97을 분리하여, 이 균이 생산하는 tyrosinase 저해제를 정제하였다. 먼저 배양액을 원심분리하고 이 여액을 pH 4.0으로 조절한 후 IRC-120($NH_4^+$ type column chromatography, Silica gel column chromatography, C18 column chromatography, Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography를 사용하여 정제하였다. 정제도 확인은 ODS HPLC를 이용하여 확인하였으며, 최종 정제 수율은 5.24%이었다. 물리 화학적 특성으로 tyrosinase 저해제는 water, methanol, ethanol 등에는 잘 녹았으나, acetone, butanol, ethylacetate, chloroform 등에는 녹지 않는 수용성 물질이었다. 물을 용매로 UV 흡광도를 측정한 결과 194nm에서 최대 흡광도를 나타내었다. 본 tyrosinase 저해제는 Iodine, Ninhydrin, Millon, Sakaguchi, Xanthoproteic, Emerson 시험에서는 음성이었고, Molish, Benedict, conc. $H_2SO_4$, $KMnO_4$ 시험에서는 양성이었다. 저해제의 열 안정성은 $100^{\circ}C$ 50분까지 안정하였고, pH $4{\sim}9$에서 안정하였다. Tyrosinase 저해제의 mushroom tyrosinase에 대한 $IC_{50}$ 값은 $19.2{\mu}g/ml$이었고, Streptomyces bikiniensis NRRL B-1049에 대한 저해활성은 $1,000{\mu}g/ml$ 일 때 27mm이었다. 그리고 본 저해제의 저해 양상은 경쟁적 저해로 확인되었다.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.1119-1122
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• 2006

Aeration by using diffusers usually requires approximately 50~90% of the total electricity needed to operate WWTP (WasteWater Treatment Plant)s. Accurate evaluation of the oxygen transfer efficiency for an aeration system, and recommendation of a better alternative may help saving WWTP operational costs. Appropriate techniques and methods to achieve this purpose have not been introduced in Korea. In this study, in-process analysis was performed for a coarse bubble aeration system by the off-gas method to evaluate its applicability in Korea. To accomplish this analysis, an off-gas test, unsteady-state clean water test and steady-state off-gas column test was conducted and comparisons to other aeration systems were made. The ${\alpha}$ and the F estimated from the results of the unsteady-state clean water test and the steady-state off-gas column test were 0.61 and 0.90 respectively in a coarse bubble aeration system. The comparison of P.E tube diffusers laid out single spiral roll and ceramic dome diffusers laid out full floor coverage showed that the oxygen transfer efficiency of the coarse bubble aeration system was less than or similar to other aeration systems. But, airflow rates per unit area were 4~5 times greater than other aeration systems. In regards to the oxygen transfer efficiency for airflow rates per unit area, a retrofit to higher efficiency diffusers was urgently needed. This study showed proved that off-gas methods can apply to evaluate diffuser performances to estimate operating factors and to compare other aeration systems in Korea.

• 한국음향학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.36-43
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• 1991

수중에서 원기둥 형태의 기포집단에 의한 후방 산란특성을 이론 및 실험적으로 연구하였다. 이론적 해석을 위하여, 기포기둥을 외형과 공기 함유비 및 크기에 의해 특정지워지는 하나의 단일 산란체로 가정하였으며, 일반 산란 이론식을 이용하여 분석하였다. 기포기둥의 공기 함유비가 1% 이하로 작은 경우와 기포기둥을 구성하는 단일기포의 공명 진동수보다 높은 입사 주파수에 대한 기포기둥의 산란특성은 단일기포의 크기보다 공기 함유비에 크게 의존함을 확인하였다. 또한, 공기 함유비가 증가할수록 후방 산란음압은 증가하며, 최대 음압 주파수는 저주파수 영역으로 이동되는 현상이 이론 및 실험적으로 관찰되었다.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.119-127
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• 2017

Time-dependent buckling of embedded straight concrete columns armed with Silicon dioxide($SiO_2$) nano-particles exposed to fire is investigated in the present study for the fire time. The column is simulated mathematically with Timoshenko beam model. The governing mass conservation equations to describe heat and moisture transport in concrete containing free water, water vapor, and dry air in conjunction with the conversion of energy are considered. The characteristics of the equivalent composite are determined using Mori-Tanaka approach. The foundation around the column is simulated with spring and shear layer. Employing nonlinear strains-displacements, energy methods and Hamilton's principal, the governing equations are derived. Differential quadrature method (DQM) is used in order to obtain the critical buckling load and critical buckling time of structure. The influences of volume percent of $SiO_2nano-particles$, geometrical parameters, elastic foundation and concrete porosity are investigated on the time-dependent buckling behaviours of structure. Numerical results indicate that reinforcing the concrete column with $SiO_2nano-particles$, the structure becomes stiffer and the critical buckling load and time increase.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제48권6호
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• pp.769-779
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• 2020

This study investigates the selective fractionation of lignin with uniform structures and lower molecular weight. Lignin solubilization was first performed using a solution of acetic acid (AA) and hydrogen peroxide (HP) (4:1, (v/v)) to form peracetic acid (PAA), which is a strong oxidant. After the PAA-induced solubilization that occurred at 80℃, totally soluble lignin was extracted by ethyl acetate (EA) and divided into organic- and water-soluble fractions. The EA fraction was then fractionated by open-column using three solutions (chloroform-ethyl acetate, methanol, and water) sequentially. With an increase in the solvent polarity during the fractionation step, the molecular weight of the lignin-derived compounds in the fraction increased. Remarkably, some lignin fractions did not have aromatic structures. These fractions were identified as carboxylic acid-containing polymers like poly-carboxylates. These results conclude that the selective production of lignin-derived polymers with specific molecular weight and structural characteristics could be possible through open-column fractionation.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제17권9호
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• pp.1527-1532
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• 2007

Lysine produced during microbial fermentation is usually recovered by an ion-exchange process, in which lysine is first converted to the cationic form (by lowering the pH to less than 2.0 with sulfuric acid) and then fed to a cationexchange column containing an exchanger that has a sulfone group with a weak counterion such as NH;. Ammonia water with a pH above 11 is then supplied to the column to displace the purified lysine from the column and allow its recovery. To enhance the adsorption capacity and for a possible reduction in chemical consumption, monovalent lysine fed at pH 4 was investigated in comparison with conventional divalent lysine fed at pH 1.5. The adsorption capacity increased by more than 70% on a mass basis using pH 4 feeding compared with pH 1.5 feeding. Lysine adsorbed at pH 4 started to elute earlier than that adsorbed at pH 1.5 when ammonia water was used as the eluant solution, and the extent of early elution became more notable at lower concentrations of ammonia. Moreover, the elution of monovalent lysine fed at pH 4 displayed a stiffer front boundary and higher peak concentration. However, when the ammonium concentration was greater than 2.0 N, complete saturation of the bed was delayed during adsorption and the percent recovery yield from elution was lowered., both drawbacks that were considered inevitable features originating from the increased adsorption of monovalent lysine.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.431-438
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the performances of zero-valent iron (ZVI) combined SBR (Z-SBR) process in decolorization and organic removal of synthetic dye wastewater. The batch test for optimizing the operation parameters of ZVI column showed that the appropriate EBCT was around 11 min and the pH of the dye wastewater was below 7.0. During the step increase of influent color unit from 300 to 1,000cu, about 53 to 79% decolorization efficiency could be achieved in control SBR (C-SBR, without ZVI column), which resulted from destroying azo bond of synthetic dye in anaerobic condition. For the same influent color loading, Z-SBR showed always higher decolorization efficiency than C-SBR with an aid of ZVI reducing power. The TCOD concentration in Z-SBR effluent was 20-30mg/L lower than C-SBR effluent although the TCOD before and after ZVI column was nearly same. It means that breakdown of azo bond by ZVI reducing power could increase biodegradability of synthetic dye wastewater.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.281-287
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• 2017

Mill scale, an iron waste, was used to separate magnetite particles for the adsorption of phosphate from aqueous solution. Mill scale has a layered structure composed of wustite (FeO), magnetite ($Fe_3O_4$), and hematite ($Fe_2O_3$). Because magnetite shows the highest magnetic property among these iron oxides, it can be easily separated from the crushed mill scale particles. Several techniques were employed to characterize the separated particles. Mill scale-derived magnetite particles exhibited a strong uptake affinity to phosphate in a wide pH range of 3-7, with the maximum adsorptive removal of 100%, at the dosage of 1 g/L, pH 3-5. Langmuir isotherm model well described the equilibrium data, exhibiting maximum adsorption capacities for phosphate up to 4.95 and 8.79 mg/g at 298 and 308 K, respectively. From continuous operation of the packed-bed column reactor operated with different EBCT (empty bed contact time) and adsorbent particle size, the breakthrough of phosphate started after 8-22 days of operation. After regeneration of the column reactor with 0.1N NaOH solution, 95-98% of adsorbed phosphate could be detached from the column reactor.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.28-33
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• 1996

Bifidobacteria 또는 lactobacilli와 같은 유익균에 대해 생육촉진효과를 나타낸 쑥의 물추출물에서 생육촉진성분를 조사하였다. 쑥의 물추출물을 탄소원 생육인자 검색배지인 PYF와 비탄소원 생육인자 검색배지인 $Gy{\ddot{o}}rgy$에서 조사한 결과, 탄소원이 주요한 생육촉진인자로 나타났다. Bifidobacteria는 쑥의 가용성당류 중에서 단당류 및 중합도가 2-5인 올리고당을 잘 이용하는 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 bifidobacteria가 이용한 올리고당을 chacoal-celite column chromatography와 Bio-gel $P_2$ column chromatography로 분리한 다음, 가수분해하여 HPLC로 구성당의 조성을 조사한 결과 galactose와 glucose가 주요 구성당으로 밝혀졌다.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 1999년도 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.651-656
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• 1999