• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.265-269
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• 2008

This study was carried out to observe the antioxidative activity, fibrinolytic activity, nitrite savenging ability and adenosine content of three medicinal mushrooms. Among water and ethanol extract of each mushroom, water extract of Inonotus obliquus (Czech) showed the highest antioxidative activity $(57.1{\mu}g/ml)$, nitrite scavenging ability (52.04%), fibrinolytic activity (86.8%) and adenosin content $(94.3{\mu}g/g)$, whereas nitrite scavenging ability of ethanol extract of Phellinus linteus showed higher than that of water extract. Apart from the above statements, water was effective than ethanol as extracting solvent in general. These results suggest that Inonotus obliquus (Czech) showed higher activities such as antioxidative activity, nitrite scavenging ability, fibrinolytic activity and adenosin content and water was effective as solvent except for nitrite scavenging ability.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.321-327
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to investigate the nitrite scavenging activity of the ethanol and water extracts obtained from Hizikia fusiforme and Sargassum fulvelum using sodium nitrite under different pH conditions. The nitrite scavenging activity was appeared in all the extracts examined and it showed the highest value at pH 1.2 The ethanol extract of Hizikia fusiforme provided higher activity than the water extract of that. Ohterwise, the nitrite scavenging activity of Sargassum fulvelum ethanol extract was similar to that Sargassum fulvelum water extract. There was significant difference among concentration of extracts Hizikia fusiforme and Sargassum fulvelum. Also, nitrite scavenging activity of the extracts Hizikia fusiforme and Sargassum fulvelum decreased with higher pH condition. In addition, the activity was increaed with higher concentration of extracts Hizikia fusiforme and Sargassum fulvelum in the course of reaction time 30 minute to 3 hour.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.422-429
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• 1992

The effect of various water-activity depressors, such as pol yo Is, sugars, and polymers, on the conversion yields of the enzymatic synthesis of maltosyl-$\beta$-cyclodextrin from $\beta$-cyc1odextrin and maltose through reverse reaction of pullulanase was investigated. PEG 6000 of concentration of 10% (w/w) was found to be the most acceptable water-activity depressor resulting for increment of conversion yield from 43.0% to 55.9%, corresponding maltosyl-$\beta$-cyc1odextrin concentration of 3.02 g/100 ml H20. Water activity was changed from initial 0.966 to 0.914 upon addition of 20% (w/w) of PEG 6000. The conversion yields were inversely proportional to the water activities, and the increased conversion yield was caused by water activity depression which inhibited the hydrolysis reaction of maltosyl-$\beta$-CD to maltose and $\beta$-cyc1odextrin. The changes of enthalpy ($\Delta$H), entropy ($\Delta$S), and Gibbs free energy ($\Delta$G) were calculated to be 36.788 kJ/mole, 0.067 kJ/mole K. and 14.433 kJ/mole, respectively. The synthesis of maltosyl-$\beta$-CD could be increased substantially by the intermittent feeding of $\beta$-cyclodextrin. PEG 6000 could be separated effectively from reaction mixture using ultrafiltration membrane for reutilization.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.56 no.4
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• pp.1250-1253
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• 2024

Activity measurement of the primary circuit water of fission reactors is one method that can provide early detection of a damaged fuel assembly in the reactor core. This is an important aspect in the safe operation of the reactor and for radiation protection of staff. Radionuclides in the primary circuit water are produced by the activation of stable nuclides and the fission of fissile nuclides, mainly the isotope ²³⁵U. In the LVR-15 research reactor, measurement of the activity of the primary circuit water has been regularly undertaken since 1996. A water sample is taken from the primary circuit every week and the activities are measured four days later using gamma spectrometry. The results of these long-term measurements from 1996 to 2022 are presented. The activity time dependences of the individual radionuclides are discussed in relation to fuel assembly damage and for events connected to contamination of the water by objects inserted into the primary circuit during experiments carried out near the reactor core.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.114-120
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• 2012

To investigate the antimicrobial activity on bacteria causing a respiration disease and antioxidant effects of water extracts from 12 kinds of wild edible vegetables, we extracted the water extracts for 72 h in $7^{\circ}C$ using distilled water as solvent. The water extracts except Ixeris dentate and Allium monanthum had high concentrations of phenol compounds and flavonoids. Liguraia fischeri specially had the highest level on total phenol compounds and flavonoids with 205 ${\mu}g/mL$ and 98. 86 ${\mu}g/mL$, respectively. The each 0.05% extracts of Sedum sarmentosum and Liguraia fischeri had high effect on the DPPH radical scavenging activity among wild edible vegetables and the most extracts promoted antioxidant activity with increasing concentration of extract. The catalase activity of Erysimum aurantiacum and Aralia elata showed more than 150 units per g of fresh tissue. The effect of antimicrobial activity on water extracts showed characteristic activity. Only Staphylococcus aureus KCTC 1928 and Corynebacterium diptheriae KCTC 3075 were inhibited cell growth on the other hands, the remainder of bacteria was not inhibited cell growth. Nevertheless, the extracts of wild edible vegetables had specific concentration as MIC for antimicrobial activity respectively. In case of the extract of Aster scaber, Erysimum aurantiacum, and Allium monanthum had over 30% antimicrobial activity on the bacteria causing a respiration disease. In results, the wild edible vegetables include high concentrations of total phenol compounds and flavonoids that give a good antioxidant activity and antimicrobial activity. Therefore the wild edible vegetables are functional food for anti-aging and physiological activation.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.339-343
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• 1991

Heterotrophic activity, total bacteria and salinity were determined seasonally in the estuary of Naktong River over half tidal cycle. Heterotrophic activity was determined by the uptake of [U- $^{14}$ C]glucose. Heterotrophic activity fluctuated with the tides and was decreased as salinity increased. Teh great activity occurred near low ebb tide at all seasons except summer. The main environmental factor affecting hetreotrophic activity was the salinity rather than water temperature in the estuary of Naktong River. In order to estimate the effect of salt, salt was added to estuarine water. Vmax for glucose of salt-added water was 17% and 77% of original estuarine water at station 1 and 2 respectively and slight increase was observed at station 3. Respiration rate and Kt+Sn for glucose of salt-added sample increased at all 3 stations. The increase of the Kt value implies the reduced affinity of bacterial population for glucose. The effects of salinity on the heterotrophic activity were more extensive in the upper region of estuary than at the mouth.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.32-38
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• 2008

Galgeuntang water extract exhibited a strong free radical scavenging activity and reducing power determination. However, a gradual increase in the free radical scavenging activity and reducing power determination was obtained with increasing concentrations. The highest radical scavenging activity was shown by the water extract from Galgeuntang (116.93 ${\mu}g$/mL) and the water extract from Cinnamonum cassia Presl. (95.01 ${\mu}g$/mL). These results of phenolic and flavonoid contents of the extracts indicated that the strong radical scavenging activity of the Cinnamonum cassia Presl. extract might be in part due to the phenolic compounds. The correlation coefficient between TPC and DPPH ($r^2$ = 0.9312), TFC and DPPH ($r^2$ = 0.9677), showed positive correlation among total phenolic/flavonoid contents and antioxidant activity. These results suggest that Galgeuntang has a potential antioxidant activity.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.199-206
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• 2006

This study was designed to investigate the effect of medicinal herb extract on the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities against Helicobacter pylori, which is known as a ulcerogenic pathogen. The concentration of total phenolic compound of Scutellaria baicalensis(13.14%) was highest among water extracts and that of Ulmus parvifolia(15.12%) was highest among the ethanol extracts. The antioxidant activity of the water extract of Scutellaria baicalensis and of the ethanol extract of Ulmus parvifolia were 91.00% and 65.03%, respectively, in DPPH assay. The antioxidant activity of the water extract of Scutellaria baicalensis and of the ethanol extract of Ulmus parvifolia were 32.90% and 27.70%, respectively, in SOD assay. The antioxidant activity of the water extract of Ulmus parvifolia and of the ethanol extract of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fischer was 2.15 and 2.17, respectively, in TBARS assay. In disc method, Scutellaria baicalensis showed the highest anti-microbial activity against H. pylori, followed by Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fischer among the water extracts and Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fischer showed the highest anti-microbial activity followed by Radix puerariae among ethanol extract.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.36 no.4 s.143
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• pp.305-310
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• 2005

Sarcodon aspratus (Thelepholaceae), a native mushroom, is distributed in Korea and Japan, and has been widely used in traditional food and fork medicines. To confirm the biological activities of Sarcodon aspratus, the liver protecting activity, anti-clotting activity, and anti-complementary activity of the water extract, EtOH extract, and the water soluble proteoglycan part of S. aspratus were investigated. The EtOH, and water extract of S. aspratus decreased the GOT and GPT releases induced by $CCl_4$ in a dose-dependant manner. On the other hand, the water soluble proteoglycan part of S. aspratus showed weak inhibitory activity. In addition, the EtOH and water extract of S. aspratus prevented $CCl_4-induced$ hepatotoxicity, as described by a liver histopathologic study. To confirm the anti-clotting activity, the APTT and PT assay were carried out. As a result, only the crude proteoglycan part of S. aspratus showed the anti-coagulating activity, and this result might be due to the inhibition of intrinsic clotting system. Also, the crude proteoglycan part of S. aspratus showed the anti-complementary activity, and the $IC_{50}$ value was $50\;{\mu}l/ml$.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.569-577
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• 2012

The physicochemical characteristics and biological activities, including antioxidant activity, antimutagenicity, and cytotoxicity of hot-water extract of fruiting body of Hericium erinaceus, were investigated in this study. Hot-water extract of fruiting body of Hericium erinaceus contained carbohydrate (7.86%), protein (10.91%), and ${\beta}$-glucan (3.62%). Water solubility of hot-water extract was 42.58%. Antioxidant activities of the extract were evaluated by ABTS assay and FRAP assay. The $IC_{50}$ value was 312.21 ${\mu}g/mL$ in ABTS assay. Antimutagenic activity of the extract was evaluated by Ames test. Antimutagenicity of hot-water extract (5 mg/mL) on Salmonella Typhimurium TA100 mutagenated by sodium azide (0.15 ${\mu}g/mg$) was 69.2%. Cytotoxicity of hot-water extract was also evaluated by MTT and SRB assay. The cytotoxicity was highest (83.95%) on Hep3B treated with 2,000 ${\mu}g/mL$ of hot-water extract in SRB assay. Therefore, it is suggested that hot-water extract of fruiting body of Hericium erinaceus has high antioxidant activity, antimutagenicity, and cytotoxicity.