• Journal of Korea Society of Waste Management
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• v.35 no.8
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• pp.692-700
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• 2018

In this study, the results of PBDEs and HBCDs of the products and waste that contain BFRs such as domestic electronic products, automobiles and textile products were compared with international management standards, and their excess rates were calculated. Deca-BDE was detected among the PBDEs in TV rear cover plastics, car seats, automotive interior plastics, and automobile shredding residues of products and waste containing BFRs. The comparison with Basel Convention management standards (1,000 mg/kg) for PBDE-containing wastes (4 types in total) shows that the excess rate of all samples was less than 1.5%. The estimated excess rate compared to the EU and Basel convention management standards (1,000 mg/kg) for PBDEs (4 species + deca-BDE) and TV rear cover plastics was 37.5% (30 of 80 samples exceeded the standards). The estimated excess rate compared to the Basel convention management standards (1,000 mg/kg) for HBCD, building materials products and waste was 15.7% (17 of 108 samples exceeded the standards). In the case of PBDEs, it is necessary to remove only the rear cover of CRT TV among the electric and electronic products and treat it in the flame retardant treatment facility to improve the recycling collection system. In the case of HBCD, it is necessary to appropriately dispose of the recycled materials, heat insulation materials, TV plastics, and styrofoam in marine fishery among construction materials and restrict the use as recycled raw materials.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.34-40
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• 2023

As agricultural production increases due to population growth, agricultural by-products that are generated at all production stages increase commensurately. Black soldier fly (BSF) (Hermetia illucens) treatment has potential as an environmentally friendly process to combat the environmental pollution caused by agricultural by-products. This study examined the utilization of BSF larvae in the decomposition of the by-products of apples and mandarins, fruits commonly produced in South Korea. The BSF test larvae were fed apple pomace or mandarin waste, and the control larvae were fed calf feed. Larval weight and size were measured at 4-day intervals until larvae reached the pre-pupal stage. Larval development time, survival rate, and BSF fecundity rate were calculated for all three substrates. Waste reduction and bioconversion ratios were also calculated. The developmental time of larvae fed with apple pomace and mandarin waste was greater than that of the control larvae. The average weight of larvae fed with the fruit by-products was less than that of the control. There was no significant difference in the survival rate of BSF larvae or the fecundity rate of BSF between the substrates used in this study. BSF larvae decomposed 48.0% and 61.5% of apple pomace and mandarin waste, respectively. The bioconversion efficiency rates of BSF larvae fed with apple pomace and mandarin waste were 9.1% and 12.1%, respectively. These results indicated that decomposition of single fruit by-products by BSF larvae is an environmentally friendly and effective bioconversion process.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.51 no.5
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• pp.392-409
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• 2023

The amount of wood waste from furniture production is increasing. Wood waste is diverse and ranges from wood-splitting residues to leftovers from furniture production. Wood waste occurs in companies, household-based industries, and other forms of business where waste accumulates; therefore, an environmental and ethical policy is needed. The aim of this study was to identify products created using wood waste and describe government regulations related to environmental policies. We analyzed the management of wood waste for use as a new product so that it is useful, does not become waste, and complies with policies related to environmental ethics. A case study design using qualitative methods was used. This research focused on managing wood waste in Jepara's furniture and crafts industry for the 2010-2021 period, using 23 sources from primary, secondary, and other supporting documents. Data were collected through observation or gathering information related to research needs, conducting closed-door interviews with research sources, documenting data to strengthen research findings, and using online questionnaires to corroborate information related to wood waste management. This article presents wood waste products designed with optimized environmental ethics and awareness of environmental laws in wood-based industries.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.32 no.12
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• pp.965-972
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• 2023

As the world population growth and economy develops, the importance of eco-friendly organic waste resource treatment and up-cycling increases. Black soldier fly (BSF) (Hermetia illucens) treats organic waste resources that allows it to be recycled as a feed resource. In this study, we analyzed the nutrients composition, amino acid, and fatty acids of BSF larvae fed three agricultural by-products, namely apple pomace, mandarin waste, and oriental melon waste (mainly generated in South Korea). The highest BSF larvae crude protein and amino acid content was obtained in those fed mandarin waste compared with the other two diets (apple pomace and oriental melon waste). BSF larvae fed apple pomace had the highest crude fat, fatty acid, and lauric acid content compared with the other BSF larvae. Furthermore, all crude protein and fat content of BSF larvae fed the three agricultural by-products exceed that of the original agricultural by-products.

• Hwankyungkyoyuk
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.130-140
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• 1992

The purpose of this study was to survey the trends of waste products in schools, its gathering and disposal, identification of problems and to analyze its disposal. Moreover, this study was aimed at basic suggestions about the establishment and plans of waste environmental education. 98 public primary and secondary schools were surveyed in Seoul during the month of March and April, 1991. Information was collected from each educational association by random sampling. Questionaries were used for this survey. To understand the disposal status of school waste and its reforms, this study surveyed the amount of waste by products, their origin and analyzed the disposal by type, one number of schools and teachers involved. The dump sited and disposal methods of school waste, its problems, and the status of school waste educations were researched, and ideal disposal methods and plans for waste education were suggested. The results were as follows. 1. The School's trash was produced by followings: paper, vinyle plastics, food, woods, metals, ceramics, glass, bottles, and ash from the heating system. The biggest cause of the school's waste as shown by the survey was a lack of environmental awareness(39.8%). The second biggest was the use of a one time use of disposable paper products(27.6%). 2. Waste collection by different grade levels were proven to be important but as you move from elementary to high school, the waste collecting operation decreased, in this connection between the students and waste collection itself it was significant on the other hand the teachers were not working as significant variables. 3. Of the school that collected waste 69.5 percent of the schools separately grouped common waste and recyclable waste. 25 schools(42.4%) received improvement on their environmental awareness of trash collection through this method. 4. From the number of disposal sites in surveyed schools, it was determined that the education of the necessity for separation of waste was performed in vain and accordingly the should require a real education in the future. 5. Regarding the method of disposal of waste the survey indicated that the #1 method of disposal was partial burning and the remains carried to a dump site by others(35,7%). In elementary schools the entire waste was taken by individuals to a dump site (33.3%). In high schools partial burning and then transported by individuals #1 in our survey(50%). 6. Relative to the problem of the treatment to waste, the emission of smoke from the burning was considered to be the #1 priority in our survey (62.3%) the problem of trash collection being delayed was 52.1%(1in our survey). 7. The present situation of environmental education of waste us lacking. Under present circumstances, the practice of public announcements for improvement and waste-paper collection has been going on vigorously but lacking in education as to the preparation of compositions for students the themes of public exhibitions, the organizing of voluntary associations should be part of the education system to reinforce student's awareness of proper waste disposal. 8. The most economical alternative for disposal was recycling usable waste or combustible material through a variety of education we can therefore educate students bring this education to their homes public servants will also be able to benefit in the waste disposal process with proper education. In conclusion we should intensify the systemical organization and the education of our waste disposal for a better environment.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2002.05a
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• pp.329-334
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• 2002

The present age, it has been often reported that recycling of wasted glasses should he a great topic in related business circles. For the enviromental reasons, a public institution are looking for the ways of recycling these waste glasses. First of all, the purpose of this research is to recycle crushed and powdered waste glasses by substituting for the cement in mortar and concrete. the optimum replacement ratio of Powdered Waste Glasses(PWG) can be obtained from the pilot test results. Secondary, we made advances in recycling of waste glasses as recycled to make secondary concrete products. so, we manufactured concrete brick, block and interlocking block for side walk contained powdered waste glasses. finally, we compare properties among of concrete products to slove the economical and environmental problems.

• International Journal of Costume and Fashion
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.61-71
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was first, to examine the causes for the recent acceleration in the increase of textile/apparel waste and the current practices for reducing waste in the global textile and apparel industry; and second, to explore the influence of sustainability and social responsibility on fashion trends. Extensive literature on sustainable apparel and sustainable and socially responsible practices by global textile and apparel firms was reviewed in conducting this research. First, an accelerated fashion diffosion speed due to fast fashion was focused on as a cause for the increase in textile/apparel waste whereas mass customization was focused on as a potential solution for reducing waste. Then, the influence of the social trend toward sustainability and social responsibility on fashion trends was discussed, particularly the trends toward green products and recycled fashion, the trend against using real for or leather, and minimum-fabric-waste fashion in design and product development. This study furthers consumers' understanding of sustainability and social responsibility related to fashion trends and hopefully increases their consciousness in becoming socially responsible consumers. This study will also contribute to better decision-making in apparel and textile firms to produce sustainable fashion products.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.77-86
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• 2017

This study aims to explore the unethical issues in leather processing and to develop designs of leather products based on the concept of reincarnation by ecosystem circulation. The method used in this research include the review of previous literature and the design process for development fashion accessories using waste leather. The design process comprises collecting waste leather, classifying waste leather by type, color, and size, and developing leather products according to line carnation method. For this research, the material was limited to waste cowhide leather collected from leather workshops and leather product factories. The leather pieces were divided into typical and atypical types and developed leather accessories based on the leather piece's color and size. A twill brooch, four-string bracelet, a brooch using the four-stringed leather strap and mini handbag designs were developed using regular type waste leather. An armband of abstract patterns and a cellphone case with graffiti pattern using irregular type over-splitting waste leather. The environmental issues in design are observed as part of understanding the significance of this study. Development of waste leather accessory can expand the usability of the waste leather as well as increase the product value by creating limited-line editions. By understanding the role and benefits of sustainable upcycling, this research suggests an efficient way to use waste materials in fashion to coexist with the natural environment.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.24 no.12
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• pp.1601-1608
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• 2015

This study evaluates heavy metal(Cu and Cr) adsorption characteristics produced from food waste charcoal extracted in an optimal operation condition after analyzing activated charcoal of iodine adsorption and heavy metals that derived from an activation process of carbide by the developed by-products of food waste treatment facility using the methods from previous studies. As experiment apparatus, this study used a tube-shaped high temp furnace. The mixing ratio of by-products of food waste treatment facility, carbide, and activation component($ZnCl_2$) was 1:1. The experiment was proceeded as adjusting the activation temperature from 400 to $800^{\circ}C$ and activation time from 30 to 120 minutes. The optimal activation condition for iodine absorption was 90 minutes at $700^{\circ}C$ and by using the produced food waste charcoal, this study conducted an experiment on absorption of heavy metals (Cu and Cr) as changing pH of artificial wastewater and stirring time. As a result, pH 7 showed the highest heavy metal decontamination ratio and in terms of stirring time, it revealed balance adsorption after 10 minutes. This result can be particularly applied as basic data for recyclability of high concentration organic waste, by-products of food waste treatment facility, as an food waste charcoal.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.82-90
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• 2009

It is very important to utilize effectively fibrous waste paper in terms of cost savings, environmental effects, and governmental policies. The quality of final products and runnability of papermaking process are primarily affected by constitutions of fibrous raw materials. In specific, board grade paper depends directly on compositions of waste paper bales. At present, the raw materials of board grade paper are mainly derived from lots kinds of wastepaper. Some papermaking countries, like EU, USA and Japan have advanced classification and management systems of recycled fiber, but Korea has not yet organized systematically. In this study, evaluation of wastepaper bale compositions and their fiber properties were carried out for effective utilization of fibrous raw materials for board grade paper production. 3 kinds of wastepaper bales were classified to fibrous or non-fibrous materials. In case of fibrous materials, KOCC, kraft sack paper and white duplex board matters were main component in total weight basis, and in case of non-fibrous materials, vinyl, plastic and cloth matters were main component, in turns. 3 representative kinds of waste paper were disintegrated and classified, and then prepared to handsheet for evaluation of recycled fiber property. Consequently, fines and ash content of waste paper, isolated from KOCC and white duplex board were higher than that of kraft sack paper. pH values of all kinds of waste fibers were neutral or weak alkaline.