• 동아시아식생활학회지
• /
• 제9권1호
• /
• pp.55-63
• /
• 1999

This research was conducted to estimate waste rates of 69 food items after pre-preparation and amounts of food wastes disposed and it's reduction effect by education in some institutional foodservices for reduction of the food wastes. The result are as follows: 1. The waste rates were 55.40% for sweet corn, 5.73% for potatoes, 19.14% for sweet potatoes, and 33.47% for chestnuts. 2. The waste rates of fruits were 0.21-49.36%. Food items with over 40% waste rate were banana, watermelon, and pineapple. 3. The waste rates of vegetables were 1.14-52.90%. The number of foods with under 10% waste rate were 14 items(red pepper, green pepper, chard, and so on), 10-20% was 9 items(perilla leaf, chinese cabbage, ginger root, and so on), 20-30% was 5 items(root of chinese bellflower, garlic, radish-leaves, burdock, welsh onion-large type), 30-40% was 3 items(shepherd's purse, head lettuce, kale) and over 40% was 3 items(water dropwort, crown daisy, mallow). 4. The waste rates were 24.30% in chicken, 9.53-13.79% in eggs, and 9.30-55.32% in fishes. The waste rates of vegetables and fishes were higher than those of other food groups. 5. There were significantly different in amount of food wastes disposed (g/person/day) to institutional foodservices (hospital＞industrial institution＞ Korean restaurant＞elementary school). The amount of food wastes disposed, especially amount in pre-preparation phase, after education for reduction of food wastes was significantly reduced. Since these study results show significant deviations in food waste rates and education effect, there should be more studies for standard waste rates of each food and systematic education method for reduction of food wastes.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
• /
• 제13권4호
• /
• pp.346-353
• /
• 2001

본 연구는 얇은 시멘트판 제품의 보강재로써 건조공정에 의해 생산된 폐지섬유의 최적 배합비를 도출하기 위하여 수행되었다. 이를 위해 순수 목질섬유 대비 폐지섬유의 대체수준을 세분화하여 실험을 실시하였으며, 슬러리-탈수 공법을 사용하여 폐지섬유보강 시멘트 복합체를 제조하였다. 본 연구는 실험적 연구와 반응표면 분석법을 활용한 통계적 분석을 통해 공정인자(가압, 비가압)과 섬유보강재 조건(섬유혼입율, 순수섬유 대체수준)을 최적화하였다. 최적화된 재생 폐지섬유 시멘트 복합체를 기술적으로 분석하였으며, 그 결과, 폐지섬유보강 시멘트 복합체의 성능과 경제적 측면에서 폐지섬유의 재활용이 가능하리라 판단된다.

• 방사성폐기물학회지
• /
• 제19권3호
• /
• pp.339-352
• /
• 2021

Legacy waste from the decommissioned A-1 nuclear power plant in the Slovak Republic is scheduled for immobilisation within a tailored alkali borosilicate glass formulation, as part of ongoing site cleanup. The aqueous durability and characterisation of a simulant glass wasteform for Chrompik III legacy waste, was investigated, including dissolution experiments up to 112 days (90℃, ASTM Type 1 water). The wasteform was an amorphous, light green glassy product, with no observed phase separation or crystalline inclusions. Aqueous leach testing revealed a suitably durable product over the timescale investigated, comparing positively to other simulant nuclear waste glasses and vitreous products tested under similar conditions. Iron and titanium rich precipitates were observed to form at the surface of monolithic samples during leaching, with the formation of an alkali deficient alteration layer behind these at later ages. Overall this glass appears to perform well, and in line with expectations for this chemistry, although longer-term testing would be required to predict overall durability. This work will contribute to developing confidence in the disposability of vitrified Chrompik legacy wastes.

• 한국환경과학회지
• /
• 제30권6호
• /
• pp.429-439
• /
• 2021

Food waste is both an industrial and residential source of pollution, and there has been a great need for food waste reduction. As a preliminary step in this study, waste reduction is quantitatively modeled. This study presents two models based on kinetics: a simple kinetic model and a mass transport-shrinking model. In the simple kinetic model, the smaller is the reaction rate constant ratio k₁, the lower the rate of conversion from the raw material to intermediate products. Accordingly, the total elapsed reaction time becomes shorter. In the mass transport-shrinking model, the smaller is the microbial decomposition resistance versus the liquid mass transfer resistance, the greater is the reduction rate of the radius of spherical waste particles. Results showed that the computed reduction of waste mass in the second model agreed reasonably with that obtained from a few experimantal trials of biodegradation, in which the microbial effect appeared to dominate. All calculations were performed using MATLAB 2020 on PC.

• 대한환경공학회지
• /
• 제32권9호
• /
• pp.870-878
• /
• 2010

본 연구는 산업 현장에서 나오는 폐지, 폐목재에 함유되어 있는 17종 PCDD/Fs, 12종 Co-PCBs, 16종 PAHs 농도 수준과 이들의 발생원 추적을 위해 수행되었다. 농도 수준은 폐지와 폐목재 순으로 PCDD/Fs는 9.69~176.77 pg/g-dry, 0.14~0.25 pg/g-dry, Co-PCBs는 109.95~4097.25 pg/g-dry, 28.23~59.88 pg/g-dry, PAHs는 9.30~52.18 ng/g-dry, 0.82~1.82 ng/g-dry로 조사되었으며, 모든 대상물질은 폐목재보다 폐지에서 더 높은 농도로 검출되었다. PCDD/Fs 중 OCDD가 가장 높은 농도로 검출되었으며, 소각로 배출가스 중 다이옥신과 유사한 패턴을 보였다. Co-PCBs 이성질체 분포 패턴은 상용 PCB 제품의 이성질체 분포패턴과 유사하게 나타나 이로 인한 오염으로 판단되었고, PAHs의 경우 특정 화합물의 농도비를 이용하여 추정한 결과 폐기물 소각과 같은 연소와 관련이 있음을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국건설순환자원학회논문집
• /
• 제8권2호
• /
• pp.227-234
• /
• 2020

본 연구에서는 토목건설 분야에서 활용 가능한 폐기물 재활용 2차 제품 후보군 각각에 대한 비용분석 결과를 제시하였다. 각각의 비용 항목에 내재된 불확실성을 고려하여 확률모델 기반 비용 분석을 수행하였으며, 2차 제품 제작에 의해 발생하는 이익 비용을 제시하였다. 폐기물 재활용 시 각각의 공정별 투입 비용 발생은 불가피하며, 이는 2차 제품 대상 후보군별로 달라지는데 제품별 실용화에서 경제성 확보를 위해서는 제품 품질향상 뿐만 아니라 투입 비용의 정확한 산정이 요구된다. 본 연구에서는 폐기물 재활용에 따른 비용분석을 통해 제품별 발생 가능한 이익과 이익발생 확률 산정법을 제시하였다. 재활용 비용분석 항목으로 폐기물 분류 비용, 재활용 처리시설로의 운반비용, 재활용 제품생산비용 등을 고려하였으며, 또한 재활용 제품생산에 따른 이익분석을 위해 폐기물이 재활용 되지 못하고 폐기될 경우와 재활용될 경우를 서로 비교하여 그 차이를 이익으로 환산하여 추정하였다. 건설폐기물 매립지까지 거리가 늘어날수록 재활용에 따른 이익발생이 증가하였고 재활용 시설까지의 거리는 이익발생에 영향을 주었으며, 또한 재활용 제품 선정, 재활용 처리시설의 최적위치 결정, 목표가격 결정 등에 유용하게 활용할 수 있음을 확인하였다.

• 한국건설순환자원학회논문집
• /
• 제8권4호
• /
• pp.436-443
• /
• 2020

다양한 복합재질 생활계 폐플라스틱의 물질재활용 확대를 위해서는 물질재활용 제품의 용도개발 및 이들의 품질 안정성 확보 노력이 필요하다. 본 논문에서는 생활계 폐플라스틱 물질재활용 제품의 품질에 대한 안정성을 확보하기 위한 기초 연구로서 발생지역에 따른 생활계 폐플라스틱의 혼입율 특성 및 이를 활용한 물질재활용 제품의 생산시기에 따른 품질특성을 비교 검토하였다. 그 결과 발생 도시에 따른 생활계 폐플라스틱 중 재활용 가능한 폐플라스틱의 구성비율은 64.5~90.4%로서 도시별 큰 차이를 보이고 있다. 또한 4개월간 생산시기별 물질재활용 제품의 평균 인장강도는 12.33MPa, 평균 연신율은 5.94%, 평균 밀도는 1.35g/㎤, 평균 회분은 3.66%인 것으로 나타났다.

• KSBB Journal
• /
• 제24권5호
• /
• pp.477-482
• /
• 2009

본 연구는 포도가공부산물로부터 유용성분을 추출하여 자원의 활용과 환경오염을 줄이고, 공정을 간결하게 하여 실제산업현장에서 이용할 수 있는 공정의 개발을 목적으로 하였다. 포도가공 부산물을 포도과피와 포도씨로 나누어 과피에서는 anthocyanin을 씨에서는 oligomeric proanthocyanidin (OPC)를 주 대상물질로 하여 추출하기 위한 공정을 개발하였다. 추출된 항산화물질은 HPLC를 이용하여 정량하였으며, 이들의 효능은 DPPH법, SOD법을 이용하여 대조군들과의 비교를 통하여 확인하였다. 두 방법 모두 포도씨 추출물의 효능이 포도과피 추출물보다 뛰어난 항산화도를 보였다. 이렇게 생산된 추출물을 이용하여 multiple lamella emulsion의 화장품 제형을 개발하였고 이 제형의 안전성과 안정성을 실험적으로 확인하였다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
• /
• 제30권2호
• /
• pp.299-306
• /
• 2001

As a part of basic investigation for utilization of canned food processing by-products, a food components of the canned oyster processing waste water such as boiled and released water(BRW), wash water(WW) were investigated and compared with hot-water extracts from oyster. From the results of measuring heavy metal conte수, viable cells and coliform group, the canned oyster processing waste waters might not invoke health risk in using food resource. The contents of taste compounds (free amino acids, ATP related compounds, TMA (O) and total creatinine) of BRW and WW accounted for about 254% and 95%, respectively, in comparison with those of control (hot-water extract from oyster). The BRW showed a very high content of salt in comparing to the WW and control. In descending order, the values of whiteness index was WW, control and BRW. Sensory scores for color, oyster flavor intensity and saline taste were not significantly different between WW and control. But, BRW had the highest score in oyster flavor intensity, while had the lowest score in color and saline taste. But, the color and saline taste of BRW might be able to control by some pretreatment (concentration and drying in mild condition, desalination and recipe control etc). These results indicated that BRW and WW generated from various step during canned oyster processing could be a potential food resource by controlling of saline taste and color intensity.

• Advances in concrete construction
• /
• 제15권3호
• /
• pp.149-159
• /
• 2023

Water glass (WG) and sodium sulfate (SS) were used to prepare polymeric aluminum chloride residue cement mortar (PACRM) by single and compound blending with polymeric aluminum chloride waste residue, respectively. The structural strength and textural characteristics examinations showed that PACRM consistency increased by incorporating WG, but decreased by incorporating SS. When WG and SS were compounded, the mortar consistency initially rose before falling. The compressive strength of PACRM increased and then decreased as WG was increased. The mechanical properties of PACRM were better enhanced by SS than WG, showing no strength deterioration. The main reason for the improved mechanical properties of polymeric aluminum chloride waste residue in the presence of activators is the increased precipitation of reactive substances, such as C-S-H gels, calcium silica, and Ca(OH)₂. The density of the specimens with PACRM and the degree of aggregation of hydration products were significantly enhanced by generating more hydration products in the mortar. Further, the cracks and pores were significantly reduced, and the matrix structure was continuous and dense at 5% SS doping and 3% compound doping.