• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.23 no.7
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• pp.121-129
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• 2018

Since 2005, POSCO has been conducting continuous innovation activities using its own innovation methodology, QSS + (Quick Six Sigma Plus). Recently, the effectiveness of QSS + has been decreased owing to the different needs and purposes for each group. The purpose of this study is to compare the weights of the QSS + factors using AHP analysis. QSS + factors consist of two levels. The high level consists of 7 items : 'Master Plan, Waste Zero Activity, Daily Improvement Activity, Talent Development, Project Activity, Initiative/Encouragement activity'. The low level consists of 3 items '5S, My Machine, My M&S' for Daily Improvement Activity. As a result, we found that there was a difference between the weights of the four groups. We suggest the effective QSS + directions to improve the quality of POSCO.

• CELLMED
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.6.1-6.5
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• 2019

Unani system of medicine provides comprehension about the state of human body while in health and during turn down of health. Unani system strives to find the best methods to leads a healthy life with minimal or zero risk of any sickness additionally, the treatment is not only done through unani formulations but also by the regimenal therapies (Tadabeer) like Cupping (Hijamah), Leeching (Taleeq), Venesection (Fasd), Massage (Dalak), Exercise (Riyazat) etc. Massage (Dalak) is widely practiced regimens, which are used for restrorative, preventive as well as for therapeutic purposes. Almost all the civilizations having evidences about the use of massage in their manuscripts to improve impure blood or impurities from the body. Massage (Dalak) found to be effective in treatment of neurological and musculoskeletal disorders. Ibn Rushd stated that Massage (Dalak) is a type of exercise used for the removal of toxins or waste metabolites from the body. According to the disease, Massage (dalak) should be done in different parts of body and with different types of oils (roganiyat) and single drugs (mufrid advia).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.120-139
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• 2024

Considering the need for a clothing product design strategy for the sustainable growth of outdoor brands, this study analyzed an outdoor consumer survey applying selected sustainable elements, reflected the results in design planning, suggested prototypes, and presented a design strategy. The consumer survey was conducted from July 19 to July 25, 2022, and 216 respondents were used for analysis. As a result of the outdoor consumer survey analysis of selected sustainable elements, the most preferred outdoor design concept involved the keywords 'zero waste' and 'transformable design' from a sustainable economic perspective. An outer jacket design was then created focusing on these two keywords and a prototype was produced. The SCD (sustainability, consumer, designer) design strategy was presented as a strategy for sustainable growth of outdoor brands, and the key factors of this strategy are as follows: (a) application of sustainable design elements, (b) reflection of consumer opinions on sustainability, (c) designers' sustainable mindset and decisions.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.30 no.12
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• pp.1262-1267
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• 2008

Reductive discolorization studies were conducted. Azo-dyes usually have biological toxicity and it is known that the dyes are hardly removed by biological treatments. One of the simplest way to remove the color is to break the azo-bond and it is possible to break the bond with zero-valent metals. Three types of azo-dyes (Cibacron Briliant Yellow 3G-P (CBY3G-P), Benzopurpurin 4b (B-4B), Chicago sky blue 6b (CSB6B)) were tested. All tested azo-dyes were highly pH dependent and lower pH was preferred. The reaction mechanism was reductive cleavage and amines were expected as products. The dissolved iron ions from zero-valent iron can also remove the color through coagulation and precipitation and a set of experiments were conducted to evaluate the contribution by the dissolved iron. The results indicated that the contribution were also dependent on the type of dyes. This study showed that the reductive cleavage using zero-valent iron could be an alternative for the azo-dye waste water.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.97-101
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• 2007

This study was performed to examine the availability of anaerobic digestion of the remainders caused by bacterial cellulose production process using food wastes. They maybe to be considered as others second pollution sources. Thus, this study was targeted to minimize content of organic material and to obtain more energy in those remnants using two-phase UASB reactor. The working volume of first hydrolysis fermentor was 35 L (total 55 L) and the second methane fermentor was 40 L (total 50 L). The organic loading rate of hydrolysis fermentor was 3 g-VS/L${\cdot}$day and 25,000 ppm of $COD_{cr}$ for methane fermentor. The hydraulic retention time was 18 days for hydrolysis reactor and 33 days for methane reactor. The hydrolysis reactor and methane reactor were performed at 35, 40$^{\circ}C$ respectively. For the efficient stable performance, the composition of organic wastes at each stage was as follow; Food waste with bacterial culture remnants (1 : 1), bacterial cellulose remnants, bacterial cellulose culture remnants with food wastes saccharified solids (1 : 1). When the anaerobic digestion was performed stably at each stage, the COD removal efficiency was 88, 90, 91 % respectively. At this time, methane production rate was 0.26, 0.34, $0.32m^3\;CH_4/kg-COD_{remove}$. As well as the values of anaerobic digestion at third stage were more higher than values of anaerobic digestion using food wastes. It is clearly to say that the food wastes zero-emission system constructed in our lab is more efficient way to treat and reclaim food wastes.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.63-80
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• 1997

This study attempts to establish the criteria of site selection for establishing solid waste disposal facility, to determine optimal solid waste disposal sites with the criteria, and to examine the suitability of the selected sites. The Multi-Criteria Evaluation(MCE) module in Idrisi is used to determine optimal sites for solid waste disposal. The MCE combines the information from several criteria in interval and/or ratio scale to form a single index of evaluation without leveling down the data scale into ordinal scale. The summary of this study is as follows: First, the considerable criteria are selected through reviewing the literature and the availability of data: namely, percent of slope, fault lines, bedrock characteristics, major residential areas, reservoirs of water supply, rivers, inundated area, roads, and tourist resorts. Second, the criteria maps of nine factors have been developed. Each factor map is standardized and multiplies by its weight, and then the results are summed. After all of the factors have been incorporated, the resulting suitability map is multiplied by each of the constraint in turn to "zero out" unsuitable area. The unsuitable areas are discovered in urban district and its adjacencies, and mountain region as well as river, roads, resort area and their adjacency districts. Third, the potential sites for establishing waste disposal facilities are twenty five districts in Youngyang-gun. Five districts are located in Subi-myun Sinam-ri, nine districts in Chunggi-myun Haehwa-ri and Moojin-ri, and eleven districts in Sukbo-myun Posan-ri. The first highest score of suitability for waste disposal sites is shown at number eleven district in Chunggi-myun Moojin-ri and the second highest one is discovered at number twenty one district in Sukbo-myun Posan-ri that is followed by number nine district in Chunggi-myun Haehwa-ri, number seventeen and twenty three in Sukbo-myun Posan-ri, and number two in Subi-myun Sinam-ri. The first lowest score is found in number six district in Chunggi-myun Haehwa-ri, and the second lowest one is number five district in Subi-myun Sinam-ri. Finally, the Geographic Information System (GIS) helps to select optimal sites with more objectively and to minimize conflict in the determination of waste disposal sites. It is important to present several potential sites with objective criteria for establishing waste disposal facilities and to discover characteristics of each potential site as a result of that final sites of waste disposal are determined through considering thought of residents. This study has a limitation of criteria as a result of the restriction of availability of data such as underground water, soil texture and mineralogy, and thought of residents. To improve selection of optimal sites for a waste disposal facility, more wide rage of spatial and non-spatial data base should be constructed.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.355-386
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• 2006

This paper analyses recent regional development policies being carried out in Japan and the U.S. Such policies are formed on the sustainability principle aiming at the realization of circula-flow economy and zero waste society. The study here illuminates Japan's Eco-town project and three cases of eco-industrial developments in Minnesota. Such projects have gone from improving industry competitiveness through constructing clean production systems on the company level to improving national competitiveness through constructing a 'circular society' on the government level. Japan included the realization of a 'circular society' as its government's top agenda because it recognized that environmental pollution stems from the inefficient use of natural resources. Eco-town project is a regional development policy specifically reflecting such recognition. The eco-efficiency based city development approaches in Minnesota are but small examples of the new wave in regional development in the developed countries. We need to go beyond emphasizing eco-friendly and ethical management to just the companies. The government itself needs to design national policies based on environmental sustainability.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.153-163
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• 2014

The eco-friendly elements are important for new construction and renovation and redevelopment of the buildings. The green buildings are related with minimizing environmental pollution and how to live with nature throughout the entire process of demolishing and building. The purpose of this paper is to study on eco-friendly business buildings in the trend of mandatory green building certification system. The analysis of this paper is comparative studies on practices at eleven domestic eco-friendly business buildings through site survey on design framework of green buildings. The design framework of eleven this buildings is six kinds of skills on technical, renewable, ecological, cultural, healthy, social. The eleven this buildings in the new & renewable energy and IT technology of technical sector are satisfied with the framework. But, domestic most advanced eco-friendly business buildings are placed difference between almost the two times on the lower buildings at comparative evaluation. The three of this buildings are gratified rainwater harvesting and waste recycling systems for renewable and recycle. The buildings have an excellent aspects of technology and ecology. The benefits of this buildings are related with future compulsory zero energy house to take technical advantage of renewable energy. However, the buildings reflecting the regional culture types is insufficient. The buildings should be supplemented as follows. This buildings are need to have the social enhancement programs and design for convenient space of community residents, through health and comfort of on workplace. Moreover, this buildings have features of coexisting with human beings and nature friendly with the aim of realizing the sustainable development. The social enhancement programs through regional cultural aspects with ecology are related with individual and community livings in harmony, non-hierarchical communal lifes. The development of the cultural aspects provide for consensus about the local community and creating sustainable communities. Thus, The buildings are to have energy saving, pleasant and healthy living environment and interactive individual and community livings in harmony.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.20-23
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• 2012

본 연구는 유기성폐기물을 처리하고 그것을 이용하여 고체연료 또는 퇴비를 생산하는 종합시스템에 관한 것이다. 유기성폐기물은 90% 전후의 높은 함수율을 나타내고 있기 때문에 처리에 중점을 두어야 할 부분이 수분 처리 방법이다. 따라서 기존의 처리방법으로는 고액분리하여 처리 후 하천에 방류하는 시스템에 의해 처리되고 있다. 하지만 본 연구에서는 기술개발의 차별화 및 선행기술의 회피 전략을 위해, 유기성폐기물의 수분을 건조시키는 방법으로 미생물이 유기성폐기물의 유기물을 분해하여 발생 되는 $80^{\circ}C$ 이상의 열에너지에 의해 수분을 제거하는 발열반응을 적용하여 수분을 제거하는 무방류시스 템이다. 뿐만 아니라 고체연료의 발열량을 높이기 위해서 무연탄, 코크스, 기름 등의 열량보조제를 첨 가하는 대신에 유기성폐기물을 첨가 한 후 적당한 발열반응 및 건조시켜 고체연료를 제조하는 방법으 로 4,000kcal/kg 이상의 높은 발열량을 얻을 수 있으며 불완전연소 등에 의한 2차 오염을 방지할 수 있는 기술이다. 따라서 친환경 미생물 발열반응에 의해 유기성폐기물을 저렴한 비용으로 액상 및 고상 을 동시에 처리 할 수 있으며, 고체연료를 제조할 수 있는 새로운 신기술이다.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Educational Facilities
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.11-18
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• 2018

Global warming is happening now and inevitable. Everyone knows that immediate action should be taken to slow it down, but uncertain about the effective solution. Despite global efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, sea levels are rising gradually. In 2013, Cornell University announced the Climate Action Plan(CAP) to make the campus greener, to reduce waste, and to ensure efficient use of resources. In particular, they set a goal of reducing energy use by 2050 and making carbon emissions to zero. Accordingly, the purpose of this study is to analyse the case of the master plan of Cornell Tech campus and its major buildings. Mainly, The House, faculty and student housing of Cornell Tech and the world tallest certified passive house, will be the main precedent that shows the architectural planning of passive house. Passive house technology, which was thought to be possible only in single-family houses, can be applied to high-rise buildings. If any passive house technology of The House project is actively introduced into the dormitory projects of domestic universities that are about to be built or renovated, it will be a good opportunity for the university to take the lead in preparing for global warming.