• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2009년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.1461-1467
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• 2009

The electric railway is a clean and energy saving system, because it requires relatively less energy than automobiles by transporting the same passengers or goods. Six thousands of vehicles are operated on Korean urban transit system. This system is 95% of regeneration system. Especially, the VVVF-Inverter vehicle has a merit of the highest regeneration rate. Energy consumption is 90% for traction and 10% for auxiliary supply. Braking energy is about 40% of energy consumption. Up to 40% of the tractive power of vehicles capable of returning energy to the power supply can be regenerated during braking and that this energy can be used to feed vehicles which are accelerating at the same time. The energy generated by braking vehicle would simply be converted into waste heat by its braking resistors if no other vehicle is accelerating at exactly the same time. Such synchronized braking and accelerating can not be coordinated, the ESS(energy storage system) stores the energy generated during braking and discharges it again when a vehicle accelerates. This paper presents field tests about the energy saving rate of the developed ESS. when the ESS is on/off, energy saving rate of the ESS is tested. The verification test in the field focused on energy saving.

• 자동차안전학회지
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.24-30
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• 2016

In Korea, the Vehicle Dismantler and Recycler industry is supervised by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport under the Automobile Management Act. Also, Korean Automotive recycling businesses are supervised by the Minister of Environment under the Resource Recirculation Act. The main concern of the Minister of Environment is how the wastes from Dismantled vehicles will be environmentally removed, stored, treated, recycled or disposed. In 2000, the European Union (EU) adopted the End-of-Life Vehicles Directive (2000/53/EC) which required Members to ensure the collection, treatment and recovery of end-of-life vehicles (ELVs). The Directive, the most tightly regulated and precautionary legal systems, required that the last owner of a vehicle could drop off the ELV at an authorized treatment facility and that the producers of the ELV should pay the cost of the program. The adoption of the ELVs directive has led the development of Automotive Dismantler and Recycler networks to reuse, refurbish, remanufacture, recycle and recover parts and materials embedded in ELVs. Also, the ELVs directive which has had an insignificant impact on Korean manufacturers has strong presence in the European market and has been successfully externalized on them. The Korean manufacturers not only achieve the 85% recycling target set by the ELVs directive but also meet the Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) which requires manufacturers to contribute dismantling process. In order to improve the Korean vehicle dismantling and recycling system, the Automobile Management Act and the Resource Recirculation Act should be harmonized. Particularly the roles of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport and the Minister of Environment should be sharply divided. Like Japan, the ELV management needs to be highly centralized, regulated, and controlled by the ministry specialized in Vehicle, namely the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport and the sub organizations. Like EU Members, recovery, reuse, and recycling must be distinguished. Recovery is defined as the final productive use of the parts and materials embedded in ELVs, which includes reuse and remanufacture of parts and recycling of the other materials. Dismantling process and reuse and remanufacture of parts must be governed by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport. For environmental recycling or disposal of waste materials, such as CFCs, glass and plastic material, and toxic substances, governmental financial support system should be in place.

• 품질경영학회지
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• 제51권2호
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• pp.283-296
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• 2023

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to actually implement and verify whether welding defects can be detected in real time by utilizing deep learning AI solutions in the welding process of electric vehicle hairpin winding motors. Methods: AI's function and technological elements using synthetic neural network were applied to existing electric vehicle hairpin winding motor laser welding process by making special hardware for detecting electric vehicle hairpin motor laser welding defect. Results: As a result of the test applied to the welding process of the electric vehicle hairpin winding motor, it was confirmed that defects in the welding part were detected in real time. The accuracy of detection of welds was achieved at 0.99 based on mAP@95, and the accuracy of detection of defective parts was 1.18 based on FB-Score 1.5, which fell short of the target, so it will be supplemented by introducing additional lighting and camera settings and enhancement techniques in the future. Conclusion: This study is significant in that it improves the welding quality of hairpin winding motors of electric vehicles by applying domestic artificial intelligence solutions to laser welding operations of hairpin winding motors of electric vehicles. Defects of a manufacturing line can be corrected immediately through automatic welding inspection after laser welding of an electric vehicle hairpin winding motor, thus reducing waste throughput caused by welding failure in the final stage, reducing input costs and increasing product production.

• 한국농촌건축학회논문집
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.65-72
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• 2024

In order to analyze the impact of fine dust generated from a construction waste intermediate processing site on the surrounding areas, diverse types of samples were collected from inside the site and surrounding areas. The impact analysis results of samples are as follows. (1) Compared to the air quality management standards by the Ministry of Environment, the concentration of fine dust within the site was 30 to 46% for PM10 and 14 to 42% for PM2.5, which was not much different from the general air quality level. (2) It was found that PM10 within the site may have a partial effect on the air quality, but when the blocking facilities in the site, wheel washing facilities at vehicle entry and exit route, and sprinkler during working were maintained, the impact on the nearby area was not high. (3) In the case of PM2.5, its concentration was influenced more by the exhaust fumes from work vehicles than fine dust generated during construction waste processing. Since the PM2.5 concentrations in the site and surrounding area were not much different from the general air quality, there was little correlation with the work impact of construction waste intermediate processing sites. (4) Pb, an indicator of heavy metal components, was within 50ng/m³ in all three sites, which was 10% of the domestic management standard and equivalent to the general air quality level. The complaints from residents in nearby areas were filed using indicators based on visual and experiential information in their daily lives, so even if the survey results of environmental impact by the construction intermediate waste processing site are lower than the standard, nearby residents can feel it better than such numerical information. Therefore, specific activities to reduce find dusts should be continuously continued.

• 한국재난정보학회 논문집
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.165-175
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• 2021

연구목적: 본 연구는 수도권 폐기물 차량을 대상으로 네트워크 차원에서의 자율주행기술 적용에 따른 이산화탄소(CO₂) 배출량 변화를 정량적으로 제시하는데 목적이 있다. 연구방법: 2030년을 목표연도로 분석 방법은 미시행시 사용자균형배정을 통해 도로 링크별 이산화탄소(CO₂) 배출량을 추정하였다. 시행시는 폐기물 차량의 자율주행기술 적용에 따라 군집주행한다는 전제하는 노선배정을 수행하였으며, 그 외 수단은 노선배정 결과를 반영한 사용자균형배정으로 이산화탄소(CO₂) 배출량을 추정하였다. 연구결과: 분석 결과, 이산화탄소(CO₂) 배출량은 전국단위의 네트워크에서 약 56.9톤/일이 감축되는 것으로 나타났으며, 수도권은 약 54.7톤/일이 감축되는 것으로 분석되었다. 결론: 본 연구는 자율주행기술이 가져올 다양한 사회적 효과 중 환경적 측면에서의 영향을 정량적으로 제시하였으며, 향후 다양한 분석 방법론 개발과 관련 연구가 지속적으로 수행되어야 할 것이다.

• 자원리싸이클링
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.56-64
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• 2022

우리나라는 2019년 221,102 ton/day의 건설폐기물이 발생하였으며, 그 중, 본 연구의 대상인 혼합 건설폐기물 발생량은 24,582 ton/day로 조사되었다. 나머지 건설폐기물은 98.9%의 상당히 높은 수준으로 재활용되고 있다. 폐기물 부문의 온실가스 배출량은 17.1 백만 ton CO2-eq.로 총발생량의 2.3% 정도를 차지한다. 온실가스 배출을 감축하기 위해 환경영향 저감 방법 등에 관한 관심이 점차 증대되고 있으나, 혼합 건설폐기물의 발생량은 현재까지 지속적으로 증가하고 있어 이에 대한 적절한 처리가 필요할 것으로 판단된다. 또한, 분리·선별이 어려워 매립 및 소각에 의해 처리하는 경우가 대부분이며, 단순처리보다 재활용을 위한 효율적인 방안 마련이 시급한 실정이다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 혼합 건설폐기물의 처리경로별 온실가스 배출량 산출을 통해 환경영향을 검토하였다. 그 결과, 온실가스 발생량이 가장 높은 것은 소각단계로 나타났으며, 최적의 온실가스 저감 방안은 단순 소각처리가 아닌 재활용, 에너지회수를 통한 재활용 처리가 최적의 방안이라고 판단된다. 또한, 에너지화 단계의 온실가스 발생량은 두 번째로 높게 발생하는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 폐기물을 에너지로 활용하여 화석연료 사용 절감을 통해 온실가스 배출량을 감축시킬 수 있다고 판단된다. 수송단계에서는 최적의 거리 설정과 바이오연료 및 전기자동차 운행 등을 적용하여 온실가스 발생량을 최소화하는 것이 최적의 방안이라고 판단된다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.397-403
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to investigate weighted compaction density according to a leading density in truck, a compaction density of solid waste and composition ratios of solid waste fur calculation of a capacity of the landfill sites. The experiments for calculations of in-place density at landfill site have been conducted in S landfill site at B City. The size of vessel for measuring the compaction density was $1m^3(1m{\times}1m{\times}1m)$. The experiment tests have been carried out methods (1 time for bulldozer and 4 times for compactor) that do contain all of specification at the landfill site. Average of the loading density at the landfill site was $0.264\;ton/m^3$ ($0.113{\sim}0.487\;ton/m^3$). When the loading density for each compositions was compared, the composition of the highest average loading density ($0.474\;ton/m^3$) was miscellaneous wastes. The composition of the lowest average loading density ($0.120 ton/m^3$) was general solid waste. The reported results indicated that the compaction density at the landfill site was $0.538\;ton/m^3$, which was calculated with weighted incoming ratios of compositions. The ranges of the density for each composition were from $0.021\;ton/m^3$ to $0.221\;ton/m^3$. When the compaction density for each composition was compared, the composition with the highest average compaction density ($0.221\;ton/m^3$) was miscellaneous wastes. The composition with the lowest average compaction density ($0.021\;ton/m^3$) was general solid wastes.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.1022-1026
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• 2013

최근 엔진 효율 향상을 위하여 열전 소자를 이용한 자동차 엔진 폐열 회수 기술이 주목 받고 있다. 열전소자 해석 모델링은 많이 개발 되었으나, 특정한 시스템 해석 모델과 함께 적용된 사례는 찾아보기 어렵다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 열전소자를 이용하여 디젤 엔진의 배기 폐열 에너지 회수율을 평가할 수 있는 해석 모델을 1-D 상용 프로그램인 AMESim을 이용하여 개발하였다. 개발한 열전소자 해석 모델은 다양한 소자 종류에 따른 열전 발전 효율 및 폐열 회수율 평가가 가능한 모델이며, 디젤 엔진 해석 모델은 현재 상용화된 모든 디젤 엔진을 모사할 수 있는 모델이다. 여러 운전 조건에서 디젤 엔진의 폐열로부터 하나의 열전소자를 사용하여 회수 가능한 에너지는 약 544.75W이고, 전기로 변환될 수 있는 동력은 약 40.4W이었다. 본 연구에서 개발한 해석 모델은 같은 해석 프로그램에서 연동하여 해석을 용이하게 수행할 수 있기에 추후 열전소자를 이용한 디젤 엔진의 배기 폐열 회수 시스템 개발 시 회수율을 예상하고 시스템 최적화를 수행할 수 있는 방법을 제공할 것으로 기대된다.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제28권8호
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• pp.325-330
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• 2016

This study was conducted to develop a heating system for a fuel cell-driven electric vehicle. The system consists of a compressor, an expansion device and three heat exchangers. A conventional air source heat exchanger is used as primary heat exchanger of the system, and an additional water source heat exchanger is used as a pre-heater to supply heat to the upstream air of the primary heat exchanger. On the other hand, the third heat exchanger consists of a water-to-refrigerant heat exchanger. The heat source of the pre-heater and the water-refrigerant heat exchanger is the waste heat from the fuel cell's stack. In the experiment, the indoor and the outdoor air temperature were fixed, and the compressor speed, EEV opening and waste heat temperature were varied. The results indicate that the $COP_h$ of the proposed system is 3.01 when the system is operating at a 1,200 rpm compressor speed, 50% EEV opening, and $50^{\circ}C$ waste heat source temperature in air pre-heater operation. However, when the system uses a water-refrigerant heat exchanger, the $COP_h$ increases to up to 9.42 at the same compressor speed and waste heat source temperature with 75% EEV openings.

• 문화기술의 융합
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.727-730
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• 2023

전세계적으로 온실가스 및 미세먼지 저감을 위한 탄소중립 정책에 따라 전기차보급이 확대될 전망이다. 전기자동창의 운용은 열악한 환경에서 사용되고 충전과 방전 등을 거듭할수록 에너지밀도가 낮아지고 내부분리막의 손상등의 이유로 건전성이 떨어짐에 따라 차량의 주행거리가 줄고, 충전 속도가 느려지는 이유로 대략 5~10년 정도 사용한 배터리들은 폐배터리로 분류하며 이 같은 이유로 배터리 화재 및 폭발 등의 위험성이 높아 지게 됩에 따라 배터리의 진단 및 SOH의 추정이 필수적이라 할 수 있다. 배터리 SOH추정은 매우 중요한 요소로 현재는 배터리 충방전을 반복하면서 소요되는 시간, 온도, 전압을 측정하여 배터리의 상태를 평가하는데 정확도가 낮다. 불안정한 폐배터리를 다수의 반복적 충전과 방전을 통해 진단하는 과정에서 화재 및 폭발의 취약점을 보완하여 신뢰성이 높은 폐배터리의 상태데이터를 취득할 수 있는 기반을 마련하고 본 논문에서는 리튬이온 배터리의 SOH예측을 위해 테슬라 폐배터리를 이용한 방전 용량 측정을 바탕으로 획득한 데이터를 서포트 벡터 머신 기반으로 예측하고자 하였다.