• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.47-54
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• 2013

Aloe gel microcapsule was prepared by dehydrating dispersed aloe gel droplets in the form of W/O emulsion using a vacuum evaporator. The microcapsules remained in stable suspensions after washing with mineral oil and had a homogeneous spherical structure with diameter less than 6.4 ${\mu}m$. The microcapsule suspension in mineral oil (> 41%) exhibited a step increase in viscosity and shear-thinning but not showed thixotropic behavior with a yield stress higher than 300 Pa. The dense suspension appeared to be semi-solid as the microcapsule fraction increases and to be stable after heat treatment at $105^{\circ}C$ for 15 min. In conclusion, the dense suspension composed of gel microcapsules is expected to provide a basic cosmetic formulation that can be applied to develop various types of aloe gel cosmetic products.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.365-367
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• 2004

Electrolyzed-acid water was used to prolong shelf life of salted Chinese cabbage during storage, Chinese cabbage was salted, washed twice with electrolyzed-acid water, packaged in high-density polyethylene film, and stored at $10^{\circ}C$. Titratable acidity, pH, color, and microbial loads of salted Chinese cabbage were measured. Treated sample showed lower pH, total microbial count, and lactic acid bacteria than those of control, whereas almost equal titratable acidity and color, Acidity of treated sample maintained lower pH value until 6 days, and remained constant thereafter, Sharp decrease in L value occured after 2 days for control, and was delayed 4-6 days for treated sample. Salted Chinese cabbage treated with electrolyzed-acid water showed lower total microbial load ($10^3\;CFU/mL$) and lactic acid bacteria ($10^1\;CFU/mL$) after washing, whereas similar loads, compared to control after 6 days. Treatment with electrolyzed-acid water maintained higher quality for salted Chinese cabbage, with limited shelf life extension.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.89-105
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to analyze working mothers' demand for child care and housekeeping home services, and to investigate the present supply condition of home services in Korea. Data collection was implemented to examine the service demand of working mothers(n=700) in four areas. The data were analyzed with SPSS. The results were as follows: 1) For home-based child-care dispatch services social enterprises are superior to other private service suppliers in terms of the treatment of service workers, wages, and quality control. As for child care service contents, the provision of meals, and casual safeguards were mostly expected. The most important qualification for care providers was found to be in faithfulness, and the certification related with child care was required. An affordable wage range was perceived as ￦3,000~5,000 per hour, and part time services. For the time range, services which commenced before 9 am and terminated after between 5~6 pm were preferred. 2) For housekeeping dispatch services, standard services, including basic cleaning, preparation of meals and side dishes, special cleaning, and washing, were in demand. The required qualifications of housekeeping service providers were similar to those of child care service providers. Possessing certification was not considered as an important quality; however, personality and career type were important factors. An acceptable wage range was ￦3,000~5,000 per hour and part-time services were preferred. In terms of the service time range, services which commenced between 8~9 am and terminated between 5~7 pm were preferred.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.229-235
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• 2014

This study conducted a research on burn-out printing convergence technology for cellulose blend knit fabrics. Printing technology, which forms color pattern on the fabric, can be generally classified into four according to printer or printing method, e.g. screen printing, roller printing, rotary printing, digital printing. However, these printing methods are flat in design or pattern, which have limitation to overcome monotonousness of fabric, so that recently burn-out process method, which expresses three-dimensional pattern effect by treating chemical on the surface of fabric as the method to appeal its esthetics to the customers. Particularly, in case of cellulose/polyester composite material, first, it is proceeded in 2 processes, by dyeing cellulose or polyester fabric and burning out cellulose fabric, in this process, due to pollution caused by disperse dye migration, color of polyester fabric part could be discolored, which has high falt risk. This research considered coloring burn-out technique, which simultaneously proceed dyeing and burn-out by reducing dyeing and burn-out process to 1 stage, which were proceeded in 2 stages previously. As the research result, it was confirmed that reasonable depth of roller was 0.04~0.06mm in roller printing process, heat treatment condition of burn-out far-infrared radiation was $185^{\circ}C{\times}30m/min$. Color fastness to washing was confirmed to be 4-5 grade, color fastness to rubbing, 3-4 grade, color fastness to light, 4 grade. Also, it was confirmed that energy reduction effect appeared 38.19%, in case of energy cost per yard compared to the existing production, also, 19.74%, in case of production cost.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.639-642
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• 2006

This study aimed to identify effective washing and sanitation programs to minimize the contamination of cooked rice by B. cereus. As such, the effectiveness of five sanitizers, including QAC, alcohol, chlorine, CaO, and $H_2O_2$, was evaluated in relation to the survivability of B. cereus spores in cooked rice and resulting sensory properties of the rice. The water-treated cooked rice showed remaining B. cereus spores at 1.09 $log_{10}CFU/g$. In contrast, treatment with the minimum inhibitory concentrations of the sanitizers, such as 200 ppm of QAC, 50% of alcohol, 100 ppm of chlorine, 650 ppm of CaO, and 500 ppm of $H_2O_2$, destroyed all the spores in the cooked rice below a non-detection limit (ND< 0.15 CFU/g). The sensory properties of the sanitizer-treated (1,000 ppm of $H_2O_2$, 100 ppm of chlorine, and 800 ppm of CaO) cooked rice did not differ significantly from those of the water-treated cooked rice. As a result, 500 ppm of $H_2O_2$, 650 ppm of CaO, and 100 ppm of chlorine were found to effectively eliminate B. cereus spores in rice while cooking.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.629-637
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• 2016

This study examined the tongue coating index and halitosis to determine the association with the oral care behavior and variation in halitosis according to the tongue coating index, dental calculus, and the oral environment before and after scaling among 130 participants in scaling practices of the Department of Dental Hygiene at K University in Daejeon. The subjects were asked to participate in a survey, in an oral examination for the tongue coating index, dental plaque, and dental calculus status, and in halitosis measurement. The tongue coating most significantly affected halitosis and the tongue coating index was strongly correlated with smoking and tongue washing. More frequent toothbrushing, a lower level of halitosis; and nonsurgical treatment of scaling were effective in reducing halitosis; age was associated with the tongue coating index. Therefore, it will be necessary to perform good oral care and reduce the amount of dental plaque and tongue coating and undergo regular scaling with the objective of improving oral health and reducing halitosis.

• The Journal of the Korean Society for Microbiology
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.109-116
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• 1987

As a process to establish an effective preventive measure of V. vulnificus septicemia, bactericidal effect of distilled water against V. vulnificus was studied. When about $2.0{\times}10^7\;CFU/ml$ of V. vulnificus was inoculated in distilled water, a dramatic decrease in the number of viable bacteria by 5 to $6LOG_{10}$ was observed in 5 minutes. Bactericidal kinetic curves could be divided into the first rapid killing phase until 1 minute and the later slow killing phase after then, showing the heterogeneity of the bacterial population inoculated. When V. vulnificus was inoculated in saline solutions having various salinities, significant decrease in the number of viable bacteria was noted only at salinities under 0.2%. The higher was the concentration of NaCl, the greater was the degree of protection against osmotic shock. When glucose, NaCl, $MgCl_2$, and $CaCl_2$ were diluted with deionized water to give same osmolarities and V. vulnificus was inoculated in each of them to compare the bactericidal curves plotted during the first 5 minutes after inoculation, the protection efficiencies were in the order of $MgCl_2>CaCl_2{\gg}NaCl{\gg}glucose$. Above results indicate that treatment(or thorough washing) of contaminated sea animals or other products with distilled water can be used as a preventive measure of V. vulnificus septicemia, and divalent cations can protect V. vulnifcus to osmotic shock with high efficiency.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.62-69
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• 2013

A study on the recovery of lithium and leaching behavior of NCM powder by carbon reduction for NCM-system Li-ion battery scraps was conducted. First of all, the oxide powders of NCM-system with layer structure were decomposed by carbon, lithium was converted to lithium carbonate by carbon reaction at above $600^{\circ}C$. The lithium carbonate powders with 99% purity were manufactured by washing method with water and concentration process for NCM powder after carbon reduction. The reaction yield was approximately 88% at $800^{\circ}C$ by carbon reduction. At this time, leaching efficiency at 2M sulfuric acid concentration was over 99% for cobalt, nickel and manganese.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.46-55
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• 2013

The main objective was to evaluate the efficiencies of different separation techniques, such as gravity separation, magnetic separation, and aerial separation. Zinc and cadmium removal efficiencies by gravity separation and magnetic separation were 28.3~29.3% and 19.1%, respectively, and were higher than the efficiency obtained by aerial separation. Results showed that the combination of gravity separation and magnetic separation in series which was to maximize the removal efficiencies gave removal efficiency of 21.5~38.7% for zinc and 22.1~23.4% for cadmium. The mass of soil meeting the regulation standards for zinc and cadmium after retrieval from the combined separation process accounted for approximately 80% of the treated soil that would be reusable without the pre-treatment procedure as the neutralization process using in the soil washing method. Physical separation techniques utilizing heavy metal properties are the alternative method to remediate heavy-metal contaminated soils in environmental and economic aspects.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.62 no.2
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• pp.209-216
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• 2019

Objective : Hydatid cyst disease is caused by the parasite Echinococcus granulosus. It is rarely seen in the vertebral system, occurring at a rate of 0.2-1%. The aim of this study is to present 12 spinal hydatid cyst cases, and propose a new type of drainage of the cyst. Methods : Twelve cases of spinal hydatid cysts, surgical operations, multiple operations, chronic recurrences, and spinal hydatic cyst excision methods are discussed in the context of the literature. Patients are operated between 2005 and 2016. All the patients are kept under routine follow up. Patient demographic data and clinicopathologic characteristics are examined. Results : Six male and six female patients with a median age of 38.6 at the time of surgery were included in the study. Spinal cyst hydatid infection sites were one odontoid, one cervical, five thoracic, two lumbar, and three sacral. In all cases, surgery was performed, with the aim of total excision of the cyst, decompression of the spinal cord, and if necessary, stabilization of the spinal column. Mean follow up was 61.3 months (10-156). All the patients were prescribed Albendazole. Three patients had secondary hydatid cyst infection (one lung and two hepatic). Conclusion : The two-way drainage catheter placed inside a cyst provides post-operative chlorhexidine washing inside the cavity. Although a spinal hydatid cyst is a benign pathology and seen rarely, it is extremely difficult to achieve a real cure for patients with this disease. Treatment modalities should be aggressive and include total excision of cyst without rupture, decompression of spinal cord, flushing of the area with scolicidal drugs, and ensuring spinal stabilization. After the operation the patients should be kept under routine follow up. Radiological and clinical examinations are useful in spotting a recurrence.