• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.71-82
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• 2013

Objectives: This study was performed in order to investigate hand hygiene practices among food-service businesses employees based on the awareness of hand-washing and load of indicator bacteria on their hands. It focused on the comparison of full-time and part-time workers in food-service workplaces. Methods: A direct-interview questionnaire survey and microbiological analysis were carried out with sixty workers each. Samples for microbiological analysis were collected through a modified glove-juice method from the hands of the food-service workers and were analyzed for aerobic plate count, total coliform, fecal coliform, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Salmonella spp. Microbiological analysis was done according to the Food Code of Korea. Results: Significant differences (p<0.01) were found in the survey between the full-time and part-time workers in hand-washing frequency, use of hand-washing agents, and hand-drying methods. More full-time workers responded to washing their hands after preparing food, after visiting outside, after handling raw materials, and before putting on gloves/when changing gloves than did part-time workers (p<0.05). No remarkable difference was found in bacterial load on the hands except in the aerobic plate count between the two groups. The detection of E. coli, S. aureus, and Salmonella spp. on the hands of some food-service workers in both groups revealed poor hand hygiene practices. Conclusions: The results of this study indicate that there is a need for training programs in order to improve hand hygiene practices and strict hand hygiene compliance by food-service workers.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지하수토양환경학회 2004년도 총회 및 춘계학술발표회
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• pp.239-242
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• 2004

Pilot-scale soil washing facility was developed and operation condition was determined in order to remediate a soil contaminated with As, Ni and Zn. Soil washing facility is composed of soil particle separation, soil washing and wastewater treatment process. Both oxyanionic As and cationic Ni and Zn were effciently removed using HCl rather 0than H$_2$SO$_4$ and H$_2$PO$_4$. This is why oxyanion and cation metals can be extracted simultaneously from the contaminated soil in acidic solution. Further, the contaminated soils include calcite and then demand much acidity, that is consumption of acid solution. Fine particles are enriched with contaminants, and coarse particles are removed effectively rather than fine particles. As, Ni and Zn are strongly associated with minerals, and then the residence time should be increased for a reaction with washing solution.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 1990년도 추계학술대회논문집; 한양대학교, 서울; 24 Nov. 1990
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• pp.71-77
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• 1990

This paper describes the experimental analysis of the vibration and noise reduction for the washing machine of the home appliances. For the washing machine, the customers always feel electrical and mechanical noise and vibration. First of all, when the dehydration process is working, the washing machine has nonlinear problems and boundary conditions are varied with time. Therefore these problems are very complicated and difficult to analyze. We verify the sources of the noise and vibration and consider the countermeasure to reduce the noise and vibration level of the washing machine.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2003년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.1642-1647
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• 2003

The market of the horizontal axis washing machine (drum washing machine) has been growing drastically in Korea by about 80% annually since 2000. As market grows fast, the customerTs demands concerning quality becomes more strict and various. Imbalance sensing is a key technology to reduce the NVH problem in a washing machine, because the laundry is time-variant and uncontrollable source of imbalance, which can cause more than 200kgf exciting force. In this paper, imbalance-sensing methods are briefly reviewed, new acceleration sensing circuits are examined, and finally the control algorithm of spinning process is proposed and validated.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지하수토양환경학회 2003년도 총회 및 춘계학술발표회
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• pp.337-339
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• 2003

The technology removing radionuclides from soil using soil washing was studied. The main radionuclides contaminated in the soil are Cs$^{137}$ and Co$^{60}$ . It is suitable that scrubbing time is 4 hours and a mixing ratio of soil weight and washing solution volume is 1:10. more than two times continuous scrubbing method with 0.5 M oxalic acid was needed to remove Cs$^{137}$ and Co$^{60}$ from soil more than 70%. Radionuclides removal efficiencies of recycling washing solutions recycled with strong acid resins until 5 times are similar to that of 0.5 M oxalic acid.

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.159-171
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• 1996

유기 인계 살충제 농약 (Diazinon, Dimethoate, Fenitrothion)이 부착된 상추를 대상으로 정체된 물, 흐르는 물, 중성세제, 알카리용액 및 산성용액 등으로 세척시간(10, 30, 50초)과 세척횟수(1, 2, 3회)별로 잔류농약의 제거율을 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 다섯가지 세척방법에 의한 농약의 제거효과는 세척시간과 횟수가 늘어날수록 증가되었으며, 50초간 세척이 가장 높은 제거율을 보였다, 정체된 물을 세척제로 사용하여 50초간 3회 세척시 잔류농약의 제거율은 Diazinon 38.4%, Dimethoate 45.7%, Fenitrothion 24.6%이었으나, 흐르는 물에서는 Diazinon 29.4%, Dimethoate 37.7%, Fenitrothion 24.5%로 정체된 물에서 효과가 높게 나타났다. 알카리용액을 세척제로 사용했을때의 잔류농약 제거율은 Diazinon 32.1%, Dimethoate 49.5%, Fenitrothion 29.9%, 산성용액에서는 Diazinon 30.4%, Dimethoate 36.4%, Fenitrothion 21.0% 이었으며, 중성세제의 경우는 Diazinon 47.1%, Dimethoate 58.0%, Fenitrothion 39.5%로 다섯가지 세척제 중에서 가장 우수한 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구결과만으로 볼 때 중성세제를 세척제로 하여 50초간 3회 세척하는 것이 가장 효과적인 세척방법으로 조사되었다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.565-568
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• 2012

선식에 사용되는 곡류의 종류도 다양하고 오염미생물의 종류도 다양하여 곡류는 크기 모양 등을 고려하여 검정콩, 찹쌀, 수수의 3종류를 대상으로 피검균은 대장균을 인위적으로 오염시켜 세척조건에 따른 효과를 조사하였다. 초기 원료에 비해 세척횟수를 증가하여도 세척에 의한 오염균 감소효과는 없는 것으로 나타났다. 세척수량도 원료대비 200%의 경우가 오염균 감소에 약간 영향을 미치었으나 큰 효과는 나타나지 않았다. 세척 수 온도를 찬물이 아닌 $40^{\circ}C$의 물로 세척 시 1 log 이상의 오염균 감소효과를 보았다. 세척방법 시 염수를 첨가한 세척수의 사용 시 5% 정도가 적당하였으며 염수 처리 시 2 log 내지 3 log 정도의 감소효과를 관찰 하였다. 그러나 염류의 사용은 짠맛을 최종제품에 주게 되므로 염류를 제거하기 위한 세척공정이 추가로 필요하게 되며 완전한 염류의 제거를 위해서는 많은 양의 세척수량이 추가로 필요하게 된다.

• 치위생과학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.537-545
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• 2014

치과 임상실습에서의 손의 수세와 장갑착용의 미생물 차단효과에 대해 알아보기 위하여 수세하지 않고 장갑을 착용하는 경우, 비누와 데톨로 수세한 후 장갑을 착용한 경우로 구분하여 손과 장갑의 일반 세균 수를 측정하였고 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 수세하지 않고 장갑을 착용한 손과 장갑에서는 $9.938{\time}10^3CFU/ml$, 비누로 수세한 후 장갑을 착용한 손과 장갑에서는 $9.44{\time}10^3CFU/ml$, 데톨로 수세한 후 장갑을 착용한 손과 장갑에서는 $6.58{\time}10^2CFU/ml$의 일반 세균이 검출되었다. 비수세의 경우 가장 많은 수의 일반 세균이, 비누로 수세한 경우에는 비수세와 유사한 일반 세균 수가 검출되었으나 데톨로 수세한 경우의 일반 세균 수는 급격히 감소하여 비누로 수세하는 것은 병원성 미생물 차단에 효과적이지 않지만 데톨로 수세하는 것은 일반 세균 수 감소에 효과적임을 알 수 있었다. 또한 수세하지 않고 장갑을 착용한 경우와 수세한 후 장갑을 착용한 모든 경우에서 일반 세균 수가 감소하여 장갑의 미생물 차단 효과가 명확하게 보여졌다. 비누와 데톨로 수세 후 장갑을 착용한 경우 일반 세균 수는 장갑 착용 3시간이 경과하여도 변화가 적었지만 수세하지 않고 장갑 착용한 경우 처음 장갑을 착용한 3시간 이후부터 일반 세균의 수가 다시 증가하는 경향을 보여 적어도 장갑 착용 3시간 이후부터는 같은 환자의 시술 중이라도 새로운 장갑으로 교체를 하는 것이 미생물 감염 발생 가능성을 최소화하기 위해 효과적임을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.534-539
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• 2020

Experimental research is needed to provide information on the removal of bloodstains since washing clothes contaminated with blood is necessary for medical related fields (such as ambulance workers and doctors) as well as for women of childbearing age. This study investigated efficient washing conditions for the removal of bloodstains with a focus on washing temperature, fiber type and blood ageing time. Polyester/cotton fabric showed the highest detergency from among three fabrics that were influenced by the composition of the fiber and the structure of the yarn and fabric. When examining the effect of detergent, it was concluded that the alkalinity over pH 10 was essential to remove bloodstains and that auxiliary agents such as soil antiredeposition agents and bleach had a significant effect on the removal of bloodstains. Washing temperature showed the highest detergency at 20℃ due to the activity of the enzyme without the denaturalization of blood. Blood-ageing influenced detergency by inducing changes in the adsorption area and chemical bond. A combination of methods such as quick removal after contamination, use of alkaline detergents including soil antiredeposition agents and bleach, and low-temperature washing could help remove bloodstains.

• 한국기계가공학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.3-9
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• 2009

When washing machine is rotated in the laundry, it tends to lean toward one side. This tendency causes a serious vibration. The balance of washing machine plays an important role in order to reduce the vibration by injecting the sand or the salt water into the balance of washing machine. The hot plate welder is used to prevent from outflow of contents. The hot plate welder brings about many problems which is concerned with accidents. The direction recognition and location information of the balance are required in this system. In this paper, the recognition direction of balance in washing machine using machine vision system is studied. The template matching algorithm compares sub-image with original image acquired in real-time to obtain a center point of balance image. The mid points and the edges of balance are estimated by the edge detection and gauging algorithms. The data acquired by these results is used for recognition direction of balance. The automation software for image processing is developed by using LabVIEW.