• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.14 no.8
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• pp.3916-3924
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to provide the students with the proper hand washing knowledge after examining their attitude and performance of health science college students. Data were collected from 425 students at the college in G metropolitan city by using a questionnaire. Data were analyzed into descriptive statistics, ANOVA and pearson correlation coefficient with SPSS/WIN18.0. The average frequency and the average time of hand washing were 8.7 times a day and 18.5 sec respectively. The average frequency of hand washing education was 2.4 times. Soap bar was most frequently used as a hands detergent and paper towel as a dry method.. The Frequency and the time(sec) of hand washing increased significantly in the following provisions: above 6 times hand washing education, practical education, decontaminating agent soap, and use of paper towel. Knowledge, attitude and performance on hand washing increased significantly in the following variable : women, practice at upper grade general hospital, above 11 times hand washing a day, above 16secs hand washing, above 6 times hand washing education, practical education, decontaminating agent soap, and use of paper towel. Finally, there was significantly difference among the knowledge, attitude, and performance of hand washing. The result of this study indicates a necessity for developing education programs consistently to improve knowledge, attitude, and performance of hand washing.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.241-250
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• 2012

Objectives: This study was performed to investigate hygienic behavior of food handlers and general population focusing on awareness of hand-washing and the microbial load of their hands. Methods: A questionnaire survey and microbiological analysis were carried out for sixty-four people each. Samples for microbiological analysis were collected through the glove-juice method from the hands, and were analyzed for the presence of aerobic plate counts, total coliform, fecal coliform, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Salmonella spp. according to the Food Code of Korea. Results: In the survey, significant differences between the food handlers and general population (p < 0.01) were found in hand-washing frequency, duration, use of hand-washing agents, washing parts of hands, hand-drying method, and method of turning off water. In eight different situations among the ten particular situations in their daily life, more food handlers responded to wash their hands than general population (p < 0.05). Bacterial load on hands with general population was consistently higher than with food handlers (p < 0.05), however, percentages of positive hands of S. aureus and Salmonella spp. were not. Conclusions: Poor hand hygiene practices were indicated by the positive results for E. coli, S. aureus, and Salmonella spp. on the hands of some respondents in both groups. This study reveals that there is the need for programs or campaigns to increase hand-washing practices of both groups.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Poultry Science Conference
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• 2006.11a
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• pp.69-72
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• 2006

To investigate the manufacturing methods of surimi-like materials (SLM) from breast muscle of spent hen, the muscles were diced, chopped and washed with distilled water or sodium chloride solution at 0.1, 0.5 and 1% level and then washed with distilled water to extract myofibrillar protein. When used only distilled water to extract myofibrillar protein, washing was repeated 3 times followed by homogenization and centrifugation of breast muscle after each washing (CM; conventional method). Whereas, to extract myofibrillar protein using sodium chloride solution had sufficient to do 2 times washing by distilled water after 1 time washing by sodium chloride followed by homogenization and centrifugation of breast muscle after each washing (NM; new method). The both batter and cooked SLM gel from NM had significantly (p<0.05) lower redness compared with CM. Again, SDS-PAGE with sarcoplasmic protein fractions showed that the bands of phosphorylase had increased staining intensity in NM compared with CM. These results indicated that the brightness was related to sarcoplasmic protein fractions. SDS-PAGE with myofibrillar protein showed that the bands of myosin had increased staining intensity in NM compared with CM. Data implied that myofibrillar protein extraction with sodium chloride solution had the better adaptability for the breast muscle of spent hen then the commonly used distilled water method.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.41 no.8
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• pp.1079-1086
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• 2009

A great volume of radioactive concrete is generated during the operation and the decommissioning of nuclear facilities. The washing-electrokinetic technology in this study, which combined an electrokinetic method and a washing method, was developed to decontaminate the concrete generated in nuclear facilities. The results of only an electrokinetic decontamination for the concrete showed that cobalt was removed to below 1% from the concrete due to its high pH. Therefore, the washing-electrokinetic technology was applied to lower the pH of the concrete. Namely, when the concrete was washed with 3 M of hydrochloric acid for 4 hours (0.17 day), the $CaCO_3$ in the concrete was decomposed into $CO_2$ and the pH of the concrete was reduced to 3.7, and the cobalt and cesium in the concrete were removed by up to 85.0% and 76.3% respectively. Next, when the washed concrete was decontaminated by the electrokinetic method with 0.01M of acetic acid in the 1L electrokinetic equipment for 14.83 days, the cobalt and the cesium in the concrete were both removed by up to 99.7% and 99.6% respectively. The removal efficiencies of the cobalt and cesium by 0.01M of acetic acid were increased more than those by 0.05M of acetic acid due to the increase of the concrete zeta potential. The total effluent volume generated from the washing-electrokinetic decontamination was 11.55L (7.2ml/g).

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.128-135
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• 2009

Hand-washing is one of the most important factors in infection control and in preventing cross-contamination. The objective of this study was to investigate female university students' awareness of hand-washing, their hand washing practices, and the difference between their awareness and practices. A self-administered questionnaire survey and direct observation in restrooms were separately carried out in a university campus and over four weeks' period. A total of 97.4% of the survey respondents claimed to wash their hands after using toilet, and 98.2% of the observed students actually did so according to the unnoticed observational study. However, only 6.3% of the students who washed their hands in the direct observation washed for more than 10 seconds, although 46.4% of respondents in the survey reported that they usually wash their hands for more than 10 seconds. Among the observed students who washed their hands, only 0.9% used soap, and 0.9% washed four parts of their hands. Paper towel was the most common hand-drying method in the direct observation and also in the survey. Significant differences were found in duration, use of soap, part of washing, and hand-drying method between the questionnaire survey and the direct observation (p<0.05). This study indicates that there is a noticeable difference between the awareness of hand-washing and hand-washing practices among female university students. Further research should examine hand-washing practices of female university students in restrooms outside the university campus.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.12 no.1 s.26
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• pp.69-80
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• 1988

In this study, we have compared the relative importance of various washing condition affecting on soil release for P/C blended fabrics. P/C blended fabrics were soiled by the pad-dry method with aqueous and oily soil. The washing procedures of soiled samples were performed by Atlas Launder-Ometer with 27 wash conditions which are combinations of wash temp. wash time and detergent cone. The degree of soil-release was evaluated with CIE 1976 Lab color difference before and after washing. Multiple regression analysis was used to evaluate the optimum wash conditions and the relative importance of the factors providing maximum soilremoval.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 1995.10a
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• pp.546-549
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• 1995

This paper presents a control of washing machine using ER clutch and brake actuators. After analyzing field- dependent torque of the actuators on the basis of Bingham model of the ER fluid, two sets of cylindrical ER clutch and brake are manufactured. The governing equation of motion for washing and dehydrating are derived by considering actuators' dynamics. Subsequently, PID controllers are designed to achieve desired rotational motions and tracking control results are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 2001.04a
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• pp.226-229
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• 2001

For volume reduction of the wastewater generated on washing the soil contaminated with cobalt, recycling and reuse experiments of the wastewater were executed. Also. the soil remediation efficiency by repetitive washing with fresh citric acid was analyzed. The soil around TRIGA was sampled for the experiment. Results of recycling experiment by replacement-precipitation method were as follows. The remediation efficiency of 1st recycling wastewater was 97% and that of 2nd recycling wastewater was 94%. Also, To obtain remediation efficiency over than 90%, the 5th repetitive washing with fresh citric acid was needed.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.313-318
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• 2003

The vibration of washing machine at spinning cycle is important problem that affects the performance of a product. In this raper, the inner structure of the washing machine is modeled as a rigid body suspension system and transfer farce caused by rotating unbalance mass is obtained using Newton's the 2nd law. and this model is used to predict the verge of walking instability during the spinning cycle. The walk of the drum washing machine is suggested by calculating the force transmissibility between drum and the cabinet. As calculating the resultant force exerted for cabinet, the friction coefficient of the pad is suggested to avoid the walk. In addition, relation between translational slip and rotational slip is derived and method to avoid the rotational slip is introduced.

• Proceedings of the KIPE Conference
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• 2005.07a
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• pp.36-38
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• 2005

In home appliances, electric energy is optimally controlled by using power electronics technology, creating a comfortable environment in terms of energy saving, low sound generation, and reduced time consumption. Usually simplicity and robustness make the three phase induction motor attractive for use in domestic appliance, including washing machines. Two main types of domestic washing machine have evolved. We focus on the front loading machine favored in Europe, which has a horizontal drum axis. The efficiency improvement in home appliances is very important for customers. Induction motor efficiency can be improved by means of loss reduction, which can be realized by motor selection and design, improvement of the waveforms supplied by power Inverter, utilizing a suitable control method. So this paper describes the architecture and feature of washing machine fed induction motor drive under minimizing losses vector control.