DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

WASHING-ELECTROKINETIC DECONTAMINATION FOR CONCRETE CONTAMINATED WITH COBALT AND CESIUM

  • Published : 2009.10.31

Abstract

A great volume of radioactive concrete is generated during the operation and the decommissioning of nuclear facilities. The washing-electrokinetic technology in this study, which combined an electrokinetic method and a washing method, was developed to decontaminate the concrete generated in nuclear facilities. The results of only an electrokinetic decontamination for the concrete showed that cobalt was removed to below 1% from the concrete due to its high pH. Therefore, the washing-electrokinetic technology was applied to lower the pH of the concrete. Namely, when the concrete was washed with 3 M of hydrochloric acid for 4 hours (0.17 day), the $CaCO_3$ in the concrete was decomposed into $CO_2$ and the pH of the concrete was reduced to 3.7, and the cobalt and cesium in the concrete were removed by up to 85.0% and 76.3% respectively. Next, when the washed concrete was decontaminated by the electrokinetic method with 0.01M of acetic acid in the 1L electrokinetic equipment for 14.83 days, the cobalt and the cesium in the concrete were both removed by up to 99.7% and 99.6% respectively. The removal efficiencies of the cobalt and cesium by 0.01M of acetic acid were increased more than those by 0.05M of acetic acid due to the increase of the concrete zeta potential. The total effluent volume generated from the washing-electrokinetic decontamination was 11.55L (7.2ml/g).

Keywords

References

  1. K. Popov, I. Glazkova, V.Yachmenev and A. Nikolayev, “Electrokinetic Remediation of Concrete: Effect of Chelating Agents,” Environmental Pollution, 153, 22(2008) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2008.01.014
  2. D. Voinitchi, S. Julien and S. Lorente, “The Relation between Electrokinetics and Chloride Transport through Cement- Based Materials,” Cement & Concrete Composites, 30, 157 (2008) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2007.11.002
  3. M. T. Harris, D. W. Depaoli and M. R. Ally, “Modeling the Electrokinetic Decontamination of Concrete,” Separation Science and Technology, 32, 827(1997) https://doi.org/10.1080/01496399708003232
  4. M. T. Harris, D. W. Depaoli and M. R. Ally, “Investigation of Electrokinetic Decontamination of Concrete,” Separation Science and Technology, 32, 387(1997) https://doi.org/10.1080/01496399708003205
  5. F. Braud, S. Tellier and M. Astruc, “Modeling of Decontamination Rate in an Electrokinetic soil Processing,” International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, 68, 105(1998) https://doi.org/10.1080/03067319708030485
  6. S. O. Kim, S. H. Moon, and K. W. Kim, “Removal of Heavy Metals from Soils Using Enhanced Electrokinetic Soil Processing,” Water, Air, and Soil Pollution., 125, 259 (2001) https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1005283001877
  7. M. M. Page and C. L. Page, “Electroremediation of Contaminated Soils,” Journal of Environmental Engineering, ASCE, 128, 208(2002) https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(2002)128:3(208)
  8. C. Chaiyaraksa and N. Sriwiriyanuphap, “Batch Washing of Cadmium from Soil and Sludge by Mixture of $Na_{2}S_{2}O_{5}$ and $Na_{2}EDTA,” Chemosphere, 546, 129 (2004) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2004.03.016
  9. C.G. Rampley and K.L.Ogden, “Preliminary Studies for Removal of Lead from Surrogate and Real Soils Using a Water Soluble Chelator, Adsorption and Batch Extraction,” Environ. Sci. Technol., 32(7), 987(1988) https://doi.org/10.1021/es9706256
  10. B. Sun, F.J. Zhao, E. Lombi and S.P. McGrath, “Leaching of Heavy Metals from Contaminated Soil Using EDTA,” Environ Pollut., 113, 111(2001) https://doi.org/10.1016/S0269-7491(00)00176-7
  11. R. Abumaizar and L.L. Khan, “Laboratory Investigation of Heavy Metal Removal by Soil Washing,” J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc., 46, 765(1996) https://doi.org/10.1080/10473289.1996.10467512
  12. B. Kornilovich, N. Mishchuk, K. Abbruzzese, G. Pshinko and R. Klishchenko. “Enhanced Eletrokinetic Remediation of Metals-Contaminated clay,” Colloids and Surfaces A:Physicochem. Eng. Aspects., 265, 114(2005) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2005.02.042
  13. A. Giannis, E. Gidarakos and A. Skouta, “Application of Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate and Humic Acid as Surfactants on Electrokinetic Remediation of Cadmium-Contaminated Soil,” Desalination, 211, 249(2007) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2006.02.097
  14. K. Popov, I. Glazkova, A. Petrov and E. Sedykh, “Zeta- Potential of Concrete in Presence of Chelating Agents,” Colloids and Surfaces, 299, 198(2007) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2006.11.038
  15. B. Sun, J. Zhao, E. Lombi and S.P. McGrath, “Leatching of Heavy Metals from Contaminated Soils Using EDTA,” Environ. Pollut., 113, 111(2001) https://doi.org/10.1016/S0269-7491(00)00176-7
  16. R. Bassi, S. O. Prasher and B. K. Simpson, “Extraction of Metals from a Contaminated Sandy Soil Using Citric Acid,” Environ. Prog., 19(4), 275(2000) https://doi.org/10.1002/ep.670190415
  17. G.M. Nystrom, “Investigations of Soil Solution during Enhanced Electodialytic Soil Remediation,” Report No.BYG-DTU R009, Denmark Technical University, 21, (2001)
  18. R. J. Shiau, R.L. Smith and B. Aveller, “Effects of Steam Explosion Processing and Organic Acids on CCA Removal from Treated Wood Waste,” Wood Sci. Technol., 34, 377 (2000) https://doi.org/10.1007/s002260000047
  19. S. Tampouris, N. Papassiopi and I. Paspaliaris, 'Removal of Contaminant Metals from Fine Grained Soils, Using Agglomeration, Chloride Solution and Pile Leaching Techniques,' J. Hazard. Mater., B84, 297(2001) https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3894(01)00233-3
  20. H.A. Elliot and N.L. Shastri, “Extractive Decontamination of Metal-Polluted Soils Using Oxalate,” Water Air Soil Pollut, 110, 335(1999) https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1005067404259
  21. W. Stumm, Chemistry of the Solid-Water Interface, p. 165, Wiley-Interscience, New York (1992)
  22. G. N. Kim, Y. H. Jung, J. K. Moon, and C. H. Jung, “Development of Electrokinetic Flushing Technology for Remediation of the Contaminated Site Around Nuclear Facilities,” Journal of Korea Society of Waste Management, 24(4), 146(2008)

Cited by

  1. Cylindrical Electrolyser Enhanced Electrokinetic Remediation of Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Fly Ashes vol.301, pp.1757-899X, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/301/1/012097
  2. Editors' Choice—Review—Electro-Kinetic Decontamination of Radioactive Concrete Waste from Nuclear Power Plants vol.165, pp.9, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1149/2.0281809jes