• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 1993

In order to investigate the environmental properties of set net grounds located in the coastal waters of Yeosu, oceanographic observations on the fishing grounds were carried out by the training ship of Yeosu Fisheries University from Jun. 1988 to Dec. 1990. The resultes obtained are summarized as follows; 1) The water mass in the fishing grounds were divided into the inner water (29.50-31.00$\textperthousand$), the mixed water (31.10-32.70$\textperthousand$) and the offshore water (32.70-34.30$\textperthousand$) according to the distribution of salinity from T-S diagram plotted all salinity data observed from Jun. 1988 to Dec. 1990. In spring the mixing water prevailed and in summer the inner and mixing water. But in autumn and winter the mixing and offshore waters prevailed. 2) The inner water which was formed by land water from the river of Somjin and the precipitation in the Yeosu district flowed southerly along the coast of Dolsando and spread south-easterly in the vicinity of Kumodo. The inner water and offshore water which supplied from the vicinity of Sorido and Yokchido formed the thermal front and halofront. 3) As the mixing water flowing from the western sea of Cheju to the southern coast of korea was low in temperature, the water mass of low temperature which appeared at the offshore bottom of Sorido in summer was considered not to be the Tsushima warm current. 4) As vertical mixing was made frequently in spring, autumn and winter, the differences in temperature and salinity between surface and bottom was respectively small. In summer, however, the mixing was not made because of the inner water expanded offshore through the space between surface and 10m layer and so a thermocline of $2.0^{\circ}C$/10m and halocline of 4.0$\textperthousand$/10m respectively in vertical gradient was formed. 5) In the vicinity of Dolsando and Kum a water low in salinity prevailed, but in the vicinity of Namhaedo and YoKchido the reverse took place. The inner and mixing waters formed at these arease was limited to the observation area not to spread widely.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.16 no.9
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• pp.1027-1037
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to investigate the flora of Mt. Bongrae in Busan from February 2004 to May 2005. The flora in the surveyed area were identified 291 taxa that belonged to 82 families, 201 genera, 251 species, 35 varieties, and 5 forms. Among them, evergreen broad trees were identified 21 taxa, naturalized plants 30 taxa, especial plants decided by Ministry of Environment 24 taxa. By the vegetation of each slope, in northeast slope, it was dominated such as Pinus thunbergii community, Chamaecyparis obtusa community, Amorhpa fruticosa community, Trachelospermum asiaticum var. intermedium-Hedera rhombea community, north-northeast slope, it was distributed both Pinus thunbergii community and board-leaved tree community. In the southwest slope of coast site, it was presented plantation plants, according to altitude distributed such as natural vegetation, evergreen broad trees, warm-temperate plants. In southeast slope, it was to represent secondary vegetation such as Alnus firma community as a forest fire. Underside was mainly to search herbs such as naturalized plants and cruciferous family as a vegetable garden. In northwest slope, it was searched trees such as Pinus thunbergii community, Lindera obtusiloba, Styrax japonca, Prunus sargentii, Aralia elata, Zanthoxylum piperitum, Akebia quinata and herb layer such as Osmunda japonica, Allium thunbergii, Liriope platyphylla, Corydalis ochotensis, Scilla scilloides, Viola orientalis. Around the top, it was distributed such as Rhododendron mucronulatum-Rhododendron schlippenbachii community, Carpinus coreana, Viburnum erosum, Sorbus alnifolia.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.89-104
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• 2011

This study was carried out to the development of ecological planting model to make up of coastal windbreak forest on the Suncheon-bay in Sucheon-si, Korea. Make up of coastal windbreak forest in this site was needed for appropriate bioresource, biodiversity and ecological structure, and for conservation of the eco-tour resource and protection of human life and property by the unforeseen disaster from the coast. Based on the plant-social principle, the planting model of windbreak forest was developed to facilitate growth of trees, considering planting locations. The ecological planting model for the coastal windbreak was composed of warm temperate evergreen and windbreak forest which is spreading around the inland area in Korea. The horizontal forest style was composed of forest edge community and inner forest community, and the vertical forest style was composed of upper, middle, low and ground planting class. The target of the present model was quasi-natural forest, and the species of tree were selected based on the adaptability to surroundings depending on a goal to create a forest and forest style. To achieve both functions of wind break forest and visual effect in short period of time, small trees and seedlings were planted with high-density of 40,000/ha in an expectation of easy natural maintenance in the future. The significance of the present study is a suggestion for a guideline to create ecological coastal windbreak forest in the Suncheon-bay in which the harmony of human life and the ecological conservation is of great importance. Also, the ecological coastal windbreak forest model should be developed further through the long term monitoring after construction of forest.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.354-365
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• 2014

Objectives: Recently, the utility rate of Korean-Medical service has been a 6 percent of the domestic market share in medical service, so there is a lot of effort to increase utility rate of Korean medical service. However, in spite of the importance of image to promotion, there are still few studies about image of Korean medicine. Thus, the purpose of this study was to suggest ways to increase utility rate of Korean medical service by surveying and analysing recognition of image of Korean Medicine. Methods: People aged between 20s and 40s were targets of investigation. We divided respondents into three groups depending on relation approximation with Korean medicine (weak-related group, normal-related group, strong-related group). The questionnaire consisted of questions about images of Korean medicine, conducted through online and personal interviews. Results: In total, 282 members responded to the survey and the results of the analysis were as follows. The more a person was related to Korean medicine, the greater the tendency to experience Korean medical service. The most associated taste about Korean medical institutions was Bitterness, smell was smell of Korean medicine, color was yellow, feeling was warm, sound (instrument) was drum, and treatment pattern was Acupuncture, respectively. The most associated image of acupuncture was painful, and the most associated age of Korean medical doctors was 40s. The most associated general term of Korean medicine was physical constitution, and most associated pathological term was extravasated blood. Conclusions: This study can be very useful for future image marketing of Korean medicine because there have been no other studies about image on Korean medicine before now. But this study has also some limits like area, respondent selection, etc., so a more detailed and comprehensive survey is needed.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.151-162
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to investigate the frequency of sports injury among Korean junior elite golf players. The survey was made through the questionnaire which consist of eight categories and 280 valid answers were used to perform frequency analysis. The results indicated that 197 out of 280 participants experienced golf injuries (30%: during a game, 70%: during a practice) and 70% of them also experienced injuries within a year. The frequency analysis for the site of injury has shown that back was the most vulnerable area for all players(33%), followed by the right wrist, left shoulder and elbow for male players. Among female players, left wrist was the second weak site of injury, followed by the right wrist, right thoracic spine, and left shoulder. A few of them also have shown abnormal symptoms of ruptured lumbar disk, scoliosis, and lordosis and these injuries might be caused by the lack of flexibility and the fatigue due to over-practice. High frequency of wrist injury also demonstrated that excessive chopping or punching shot and poor environmental course conditions may cause this injury to be common. Overall, lack of warm up time, lack of strength and flexibility, and excessive amount of practice were the major reasons of injury for the junior elite golfers in Korea. The study also proved that these young Korean golfers actually had more chances to be faced with the injury than average. Thus, it is necessary to develop systematic and scientific methods of training, and prevention, treatment of these injuries with medical professionals.

• 한국해양학회지
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.37-54
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• 1985

A description of the "phytohydrography" in the southwestern waters of the East Sea is given from concurrent measurement of temperature, chlorophyll-a, nutrients, and phytoplankton and also from the calculated primary production during the two cruises in May and October, 1984. Past history of water mass is relatively well reflected in the distribution of phytoplankton species, but such a reflection is rarely shown in the distribution of physical and chemical parameters in general. Upper layer of the waters around Ul-gi and Gampo is typically characterized by the high chlorophyll-a, high primary production, and low nanofraction ratio due to the continuing supply of nutrients from the nutrient-rich cold water underneath. Water of Tsushima current shows poor standing crop in terms of cell numbers and chlorophyll-a concentrations, extremely high nanofraction ratio, and very low primary production. The overwhelming importance of the nanofraction is confirmed in phytoplankton cell numbers, chlorophyll-a concentration, and possibly enough in primary production. This emphasizes the exceptionally strong inflow of warm water into the study area from south among all the waters around the whole Korean peninsula.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• no.17
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• pp.22-29
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• 1998

As the trend shows that corporate investment for staff's welfare facilities has increased alongside employee's enhanced economic and conscious level which has resulted from economic growth and industrialization this study aims at analyzing interior design elements in staff's welfare facilites especially in cafeteria and suggesting new directions for designing those spaces. The method and scope of this study in firstly to described general points such as function and role of public food service and interior design elements in staff's cafeteria and then to grasp and analyze the present conditions of the staff's cafeteria for enterprises and financial organizations which has been built after 1990. The conclusion of his study can be summarized as follows : First it is desirable to locate employee's cafeteria on upper or top floor which has relatively good atmosphere. Second it is recommended to make overall atmosphere of employee's cafeteria impressive and in commercial restaurant. Third the separation of service circulation serveries and eating area is necessary. Fourth material for each parts should be easy to maintain and durable. Fifth more illuminance that the regulation is recommended and lighting fixture should be selected in terms of economics and maintenance. Sixth selecting bright and warm colors with partial application of accent colors is effective. Seventh furniture should be harmonized with the ambience of the space and required to be convenient and durable. Eighth to provide visual and auditory pleasure during eating it is desirable to equip the minimal A/V system. In addition diverse aspects such as improving employee's welfare caring for company the way of treating employee an boosting corporate images should be considered when designing staff's cafeteria and interior designer should be able to satis managerial aspects productivity and effectiveness as well as pursuing functional aesthetic facts.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.83-90
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• 2010

Emotional interest in the 1970s, Japan started from the technical and engineering beyond the scope, period late structuralist entering the world has been the subject of interest, as well as in academic research is becoming the main theory. In addition, communication between various disciplines such as humanities through the study of consilience and fusion, the human life to continue as a subject, its importance has risen. So this study are to design for the study of emotion through the human heart in space and how the expression of emotions and can be validated in a study. GSD to evaluate the action (verb) and emotional words (adjective) related to two variables to measure the degree of correlation coefficient was an experiment to find out. Picasso painting, it is 'difficult to understand', 'special', 'interesting', 'not interested', 'confused', 'fun', 'anxious', 'dark', 'cool', 'hard' to have relevance, such as the distribution of emotional words, and as a result of the move was a lot of work. This result can be obtained through the arcane resistance of the cubist paintings that make a lot of body movements. In Renoir painting 'stable', 'warm', 'soft', 'easy to understand', 'bright', 'boring', 'curious', such as emotional words ranged to have a relationship with this behavior is less motion in space. This result can be obtained through the understanding of the Impressionist paintings that are less body movements. As a result, space design, emotional design in the evaluation (GSD) for the empirical analysis that evaluated the feasibility and future of the emotional space of the design could be based in the area is considered.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2011.05a
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• pp.190-190
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• 2011

In South Korea the gross generation and heated effluent of power generation plant was 259 TWh and 4.73 billion tons in 2008. And then the waste heat from power generation was 388 TWh. It shows that the efficiency of thermal power generation plant is about 40%. Therefore to reduce $CO_2$ emission from thermal power generation plant, the energy of this heated effluent must be reused to heat buildings or farm facilities. In South Korea horticultural facilities of about 25% are heated in winter season. Total area of greenhouses which are heated is about 13,000 ha. Total heat amount needed to warm greenhouse of 13,000 ha in winter season is only 3.4% of total waste heat from power generation plant. In this study a heat pump system was designed to reuse the waste heat from power generation. Especially new heat exchanger was developed to recover the thermal energy from waste water and this model considered anti-corrosion against sea water and low cost for economic feasibility. This heat recovery system was installed in mango growing greenhouse around thermal power generation plant in Seogwipo-city, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province. The result of preliminary test shows that the heating cost of about 90% is saved as compared to boiler using tax free light oil as a fuel.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.16-25
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• 2015

The City of Boulder is located at an average elevation of 1,655 m (5,430 feet), the foothills of the Rocky Mountains in Colorado. Its daily air temperature is much varying and snow is very frequent and heavy even in spring. This paper examines characteristics of shallow (surface and depth = 10 cm) soil temperatures measured from January to May 2015 in the high elevation city Boulder, Colorado. The surface soil temperature quickly responded to the air temperature with the strongest periodicity of 1 day while the subsurface soil temperatures showed a less correlation and delayed response with that. The short-time Fourier of the soil temperatures uncovered their very low frequencies characteristics in heavy snow days while it revealed high frequencies of their variations in warm spring season. The daily minimum air temperature exhibited high cross-correlations with the soil temperatures without lags unlike the maximum air temperature, which is derived from its higher and longer auto-correlation and stronger spectrums of low frequencies than the maximum air temperature. The snow depth showed an inverse relationship with the soil temperature variations due to snow's low thermal conductivity and high albedo. Multiple regression for the soil temperatures using the air temperature and snow depth presented its predicting possibility of them even though the multiple r² of the regression is not that much satisfactory (r² = 0.35-0.64).