• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 1999.10a
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• pp.513-516
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• 1999

The objective of this study is to evaluate the performance of the repaired structural walls which were severly damaged. After damaging the wall specimens by experimental test, the walls were repaired and retested to destruction. For the repairing the severly damaged walls, new concrete and new reinforcing bar are replaced with cracked concrete and the buckled reinforcing bar, respectively. The performance of repaired wall specimens are compared with that of undamaged walls.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 1997.04a
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• pp.466-472
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• 1997

This paper aims to investigate the characteristics of partition walls which are lightweighted, such as dry walls of gypsum boards. These partition walls are prospected to be new ones to cope with M.C.(Modular Coordination), flexibility, non-bearing system, substitution to masonryworks. Ten kinds of partition walls are varied with core materials and depth, constructions. Acoustic characteristics of these partitions, transmisson loss, are tested in reverberation chambers.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2001.03a
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• pp.387-394
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• 2001

An apparent earth pressure envelope for anchored walls proposed by FHWA was compared with Terzaghi & Peck's earth pressure envelope. The anchor design load, the maximum bending moment and the penetration depth were calculated by a simple beam analogy method for each type of envelope.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.601-613
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• 2007

It is reported that factors affecting the behavior of reinforced earth retaining walls built on soft ground are not only basic physical properties but also the increase of load by the reinforced earth retaining walls, consolidation period, pore water pressure, etc. This study analyzed the behavior of reinforced earth retaining walls and soft ground using SAGE CRISP, a ground analysis program. First, we examined the effect of the replacement method, which was to prevent the excessive displacement of reinforced earth retaining walls, in improving the behavior of the walls. Second, we compared and analyzed how the behavior of ground is affected by the vertical interval of stiffeners on the back of reinforced earth retaining walls after the application of the replacement method. Lastly, we proposed the optimal replacement width and depth in the application of the replacement method. The results of this study proved that the replacement method is considerably effective in improving the behavior of reinforced earth retaining walls. In addition, the vertical interval of stiffeners on the back of reinforced earth retaining walls appeared effective in improving the horizontal displacement of the top of retaining walls but not much effective in improving the vertical displacement of the back of retaining walls. In addition, improvement in horizontal-vertical displacement resulting from the increase in replacement width was not significant and this suggests that the increase of replacement width is not necessary. With regard to an adequate replacement depth, we proposed the ratio of replacement depth to the height of retaining walls(D/H) according to the ratio of the thickness of the soft layer to the height of retaining walls(H/T).

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.77-88
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• 2007

Lateral earth pressure and horizontal displacement of the diaphragm walls constructed in multi-soil layers were analyzed by the field instrumentation from six building construction sites in urban area. The distribution of the developed earth pressure of the anchored diaphragm walls during excavation shows approximately a trapezoid diagram. The maximum earth pressure of anchored diaphragm walls corresponds to $0.45{\gamma}H$ and the earth pressure acts at the upper part of the walls. The maximum earth pressure is two times larger than the empirical earth pressure of flexible walls in sands suggested by Terzaghi and Peck(1967), Tschebotarioff(1973), and Hong and Yun(1995a). The horizontal displacement of diaphragm walls is closely related with supporting systems such as struts, anchors, and so on. The horizontal displacement of anchored walls shows less than 0.1 percent of the excavated depth, and the horizontal displacement of strutted walls shows less than 0.25 percent of the excavated depth. Therefore, the restraining effect of horizontal displacement to the anchored diaphragm walls is larger than the strutted diaphragm walls. In addition, since the horizontal displacement of the diaphragm walls is lower than the criterion, $\delta=0.25%H$, used for control the anchored retention wall using soilder piles, the safety of excavation sites applied with the diaphragm walls is pretty excellent.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.62 no.5
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• pp.643-649
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• 2017

Masonry walls are amongst the oldest building systems. A large portion of the research on these structures focuses on the load-bearing walls. Numerical methods have been generally used in modelling load-bearing walls during recent years. In this context, macro and micro modelling techniques emerge as widely accepted techniques. Micro modelling is used to investigate the local behaviour of load-bearing walls in detail whereas macro modelling is used to investigate the general behaviour of masonry buildings. The main objective of this study is to investigate the elastic behaviour of the load- bearing walls in masonry buildings by using micro modelling technique. In order to do this the brick and mortar units of the masonry walls are modelled by the combination of plane truss elements and plane frame elements with no shear deformations. The model used in this study has fewer unknowns then the models encountered in the references. In this study the vertical frame elements have equivalent elasticity modulus and moment of inertia which are calculated by the developed software. Under in-plane static loads the elastic displacements of the masonry walls, which are encountered in literature, are calculated by the developed software, where brick units are modelled by plane frame elements, horizontal joints are modelled by vertical frame elements and vertical joints are modelled by horizontal plane truss elements. The calculated results are compatible with those given in the references.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.48-54
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• 2009

Structures to support against slop failures or resist earth pressure like masonry retaining walls or retaining walls have continued to advance and evolve to new eco-friendly, easy-to-construct, crib retaining walls with varied forms and construction methods, meeting the needs of the times. Researches until now, however, have focused on the analyses of site displacement or stability of the whole site including structures like retaining walls, and thus, researches on rational design or method for stability analysis are lacking. Therefore, this study was conducted on a number of stability analyses, such as the visual power line or stability on sliding, being presented for bin walls, which enable vegetation to grow and were developed and applied in varied forms, meeting the development demands for eco-friendly retaining wall structures. This study compared the results of stability analyses, determined their feasibility, and evaluated their stability according to the height and facade slope of retaining walls. According to the results of this study, traditional masonry retaining wall analysis showed rather conservative stability evaluation results in the stability evaluation of bin walls, and the method using the visual power line seems to be objective because it produced similar results to the stability evaluation method on sliding or turnover.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.887-904
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• 2016

An efficient, economical and practical strengthening method for hollow brick infill walls was proposed and investigated in the present study, experimentally and numerically. This method aims at increasing the overall lateral strength and stiffness of the structure by increasing the contribution of the infill walls and providing the non-bearing components of the structure with the capability of absorbing earthquake-induced energy to minimize structural damage during seismic excitations. A total of eleven full-scale infill walls strengthened with expanded mild steel plates were tested under diagonal monotonic loading to simulate the loading condition of the non-bearing walls during an earthquake. The contact surface between the plates and the wall was increased with the help of plaster. Thickness of the plates bonded to both faces of the wall and the spacing of the bolts were adopted as test parameters. The experiments indicated that the plates were able to carry a major portion of the tensile stresses induced by the diagonal loads and provided the walls walls with a considerable confining effect. The composite action attained by the plates and the wall until yielding of the bolts increased the load capacities, rigidities, ductilities and energy-absorption capacities of the walls, considerably.

• Computers and Concrete
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.439-447
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• 2018

One of the important factors is the infill walls in the change of the structural rigidity, ductility, dynamic and static characteristics of the structures. The infill walls are not generally included in numerical analysis of reinforced concrete (RC) structural system due to lack of suitable theory and the difficulty of calculating the recommended models. In seismic regions worldwide, the residential structures are generally RC buildings with infill wall. Therefore, understanding the contribution of the infill walls to seismic performance of buildings may have a vital importance. This paper investigates the effects of infill walls on seismic performance of the existing RC residential buildings by considering requirements of the Turkish Earthquake Code (TEC). Seismic performance levels of residential RC buildings with and without walls in high-hazard zones were determined according to the nonlinear procedure given in the code. Pushover curves were obtained by considering the effect of masonry infill walls on seismic performance of RC buildings. The analysis results showed that the infill walls beneficially effected to the rigidity, roof displacements and seismic performance of the building.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.745-758
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• 2010

12 typical laminated composite reinforced concrete (RC) walls with different concrete ages and 3 cast-in-place RC walls subjected to low frequency cyclic load were carried out in this study. The failure mode, force-deformation response and energy dissipation capacity of these specimens were investigated. Differences of structural behaviours between composite RC walls and common cast-in-place RC walls were emphasized in the analysis. The compatibility of the composite specimens with different concrete ages was discussed based on the experiment. Test results indicated that the differences between the lateral bearing capacity and the displacement ductility of the composite walls and the common walls were not so obvious. Some of the composite specimen even has higher bearing capacity under the experiment loading situation. Besides, the two parts of the laminated composite specimens demonstrates incompatibility at the later loading sequence on failure mode and strain response when it is in tension. Finally, this laminated composite shear walls are suggested to be applied in rapid reconstruction structures which is not very high.