• Journal of the Korean institute of surface engineering
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• 제53권1호
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• pp.29-35
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• 2020

In this study, five different specimen preparation methods were introduced and their advantages and disadvantages were presented. One of them, an epoxy mounting method has advantages of constant exposure area, ease of surface preparation without touching the specimen surface during polishing or cleaning, use of small amount of material and ease of specimen reuse by polishing or etching. However, in order to eliminate unexpected errors resulting from preferable reaction at the specimen/epoxy interface and contact resistance between the specimen and copper conducting line for electrical connection, it is recommended to cover the wall side of the specimen with porous anodic oxide films and to remain the contact resistance lower than 1 ohm. The increased contact resistance between the specimen and Cu conducting line appeared to result in increases of anodizing voltage and solution temperature during anodizing by which thickness and hardness of anodizing film on Al2024 alloy were drastically decreased and color of the films became more brightened.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.823-828
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• 1989

Aortoenteric fistula is an uncommon important complication of aortic reconstruction with a prosthetic graft. The complication often is difficult to diagnose and is associated with poor prognosis. Aortoenteric fistula could be divided into true aortoenteric fistula and paraprosthetic-enteric fistula. In case of true aortoenteric fistula, an actual communication between the gastrointestinal tract and the aortic lumen is present. So, massive gastrointestinal hemorrhage is the presenting manifestation. In paraprosthetic-enteric fistula, characterized by communication between the gastrointestinal tract and the external surface of synthetic vascular prosthesis without actual fistularization into the vascular lumen, the predominant clinical manifestation were sepsis, fever and anemia. We experienced one case of paraprosthetic-enteric fistula in a 16 years old male after abdominal aortic reconstruction with a prosthetic graft. The interval from the operation to onset of symptoms was 40 months. The initial clinical manifestation was sepsis, fever and anemia without massive gastrointestinal hemorrhage. Surgical treatment consists of complete excision of infected graft, two layers closure of jejunal wall defect and pledgets suture of aortic stump with surrounding health tissue. Anatomic revascularization was not able to be done: because of extensive retroperitoneal inflammation and extraanatomic revascularization did not performed due to adequate distal blood supply through rich collateral circulation. After operation, he complained numbness on left foot on moderate exertion and felt coldness on left leg compared with right leg but not showed skin color change. 43 days after operation, he discharged without gait disturbance except numbness on left foot on moderate exertion.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.316-319
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• 2016

A 12-year-old thoroughbred mare with four days history of anorexia and high fever was submitted to the Equine Hospital. She failed to conceive in the following the breeding season in spring. In rectal palpation, mass could be palpable surrounding ovary. Because of the poor prognosis, full necropsy for mare was decided. The mass is located between right large and small colon, cranial to ovary using ultrasonography. Grossly, the mass was about $5{\times}3.5{\times}4cm$ in size, and the cut surface of mass showed brownish yellow in color with red-to orange granular areas Histopathologically, neoplastic cells were mixed with well differentiated spindle shape cells arranged in interlacing, interwoven pattern and poorly differentiated spindle cells. Neoplastic cells had abundant pink cytoplasm and bland and cigar-shaped nuclei with low mitotic figures. Many arteriole-like blood vessels with thick muscular wall were present throughout the mass. Masson's trichrome staining revealed muscle origin tumors in this case. Immunohistochemically, the neoplastic spindle cells showed positive reactions for smooth muscle actin and desmin. In our best knowledge, this is the first report of uterine angioleiomyoma in mare in Korea.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.155-158
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• 2019

Morphologic changes or functional impairments of the papillary muscle (PM) can influence mitral valve competence. The purpose of this study was to investigate PM size and contractile function using two-dimensional and color tissue Doppler echocardiography in normal dogs. 35 unsedated Beagle dogs without cardiovascular disease were examined. The vertical (VD) and horizontal diameter (HD) of the posterior and anterior PM was measured at end-diastole, and compared with the thickness of the left ventricular posterior wall (LVPWd). Longitudinal systolic movement of the PM was quantified as myocardial velocity and strain using tissue Doppler. The VD, HD, and ratios (VD/LVPWd, HD/LVPWd, VD/HD) were significantly greater in the posterior than anterior PM (P < 0.001). The VD and HD of posterior PM and the HD of anterior PM were significantly correlated with LVPWd (r = 0.47, 0.44, and 0.42, respectively). Body weight was significantly correlated with VD of posterior PM (r = 0.37). The peak systolic tissue velocity of the PM was $4.93{\pm}1.25cm/sec$ and peak strain was $-30.83{\pm}11.92%$. PM size and systolic function can be quantitatively assessed using two-dimensional and tissue Doppler. The establishment of these objective PM measurements may be useful to evaluate morphological and functional abnormalities of the canine PM.

• Archives of Aesthetic Plastic Surgery
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.143-145
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• 2017

Medical leech therapy is a treatment for the venous congestion of tissue flaps, grafts, and replants. We report a case of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) following leech application at a congested flap after mastectomy. A 45-year-old woman had an invasive ductal carcinoma. Modified radical mastectomy was performed. The chest wall defect was reconstructed with a local rotation flap. On postoperative day (POD) 1, congestion and color change were observed, and 10 medical leeches were applied to the congested area. On POD 4, another 10 medical leeches were applied. On POD 12, wound necrosis progressed and a pus-like discharge appeared. A wound swab culture revealed MRSA. Debridement was carried out on POD 15. From POD 16, vancomycin and piperacillin/tazobactam were injected for 18 days. The wound culture on POD 18 also revealed MRSA. A split-thickness skin graft was performed on POD 28. MRSA has not been clearly identified in the literature as a leech enteric bacterium. Although MRSA may have come from another source, the present case raises the possibility of MRSA infections following leech application at congested flaps. When medical leeches are applied at the congestion site of a flap, an aseptic cradle will be helpful. Vancomycin irrigation may be needed if infection occurs.

• Journal of KIBIM
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.55-61
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• 2022

Recently, demand for designing own space is increasing as the rapid growth of home furnishing market. However, there is a limitation that it is not easy to compare the style between before construction view and after view. This study aims to translate real image into another style with GAN model learned with interior images. To implement this, first we established style criteria and collected modern, natural, and classic style images, and experimented with ResNet, UNet, Gradient penalty concept to CycleGAN algorithm. As a result of training, model recognize common indoor image elements, such as floor, wall, and furniture, and suitable color, material was converted according to interior style. On the other hand, the form of furniture, ornaments, and detailed pattern expressions are difficult to be recognized by CycleGAN model, and the accuracy lacked. Although UNet converted images more radically than ResNet, it was more stained. The GAN algorithm allowed us to represent results within 2 seconds. Through this, it is possible to quickly and easily visualize and compare the front and after the interior space style to be constructed. Furthermore, this GAN will be available to use in the design rendering include interior.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.355-368
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• 2002

The multi-storied Daewonsa stone pagoda (Treasure No. 1112) in the Sancheong, Korea was studied on the basis of deterioration and geological safety diagnosis. The stone pagoda is composed mainly of granitic gneiss, partly fine-grained granitic gneiss, leucocratic gneiss, biotite granite and ceramics. Each rock of the pagoda is highly exfoliated and fractured along the edges. Some fractures in the main body and roof stones are treated by cement mortar. This pagoda is strongly covered with yellowish to reddish brown tarnish due to the amorphous precipitates of iron hydroxides. Dark grey crust by manganese hydroxides occur Partly, and some Part coated with white grey gypsum and calcite aggregates from the reaction of cement mortar and rain. As the main body, roof and upper part of the pagoda, the rocks are developed into the radial and linear cracks. Surface of this pagoda shows partly yellowish brown, blue and green patchs because of contamination by algae, lichen, moss and bracken. Besides, wall-rocks of the Daewonsa temple and rock aggregates in the Daewonsa valley are changed reddish brown color with the same as those of the pagoda color. It suggests that the rocks around the Daewonsa temple are highly in iron and manganese concentrations compared with the normal granitic gneiss which color change is natural phenomena owing to the oxidation reaction by rain or surface water with rocks. Therefore, for the attenuation of secondary contamination, whitening and reddishness, the possible conservation treatments are needed. Consisting rocks of the pagoda would be epoxy to reinforce the fracture systems for the structural stability on the basements.

• Archives of design research
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.257-266
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to investigate the psychological reaction to the image of the worship space in the church buildings and to quantify its contribution of the stimulation elements causing such reaction, and finally to suggest basic data for realizing emotional worship space of the church architecture. For this, 143 christians were surveyed to analyze the relationship between 23 emotional expressions extracted from the worship space and 32 images of the worship space. The combined data was described with the two dimensional dispersion using the quantification theory III. The analysis found out that 'simplicity-complexity' of the image consisted of the horizontal axis (the x-axis) and 'creativity' of the image the vertical axis(the y-axis). In addition, to extract the causal relationship between the value of emotional reaction and its stimulation elements quantitatively, the author indicated 4 emotional word groups such as simple, sublime for x-axis and typical creative for y-axis based on its similarity by the cluster analysis, The quantification theory I was also used with total value of equivalent emotional words as the standard variance and the emotional stimulation elements of the worship space as the independent variance. 9 specific examples of the emotional stimulation elements were selected including colors and shapes of the wall and the ceiling, shapes and finish of the floor materials, window shapes, and the use of the symbolic elements. Furthermore, 31 subcategories were also chosen to analyse their contribution on the emotional reaction. As a result, the color and finish of the wall found to be the most effective element on the subjects' emotional reaction, while the symbolic elements and the color of the wall found to be the least effective. It is estimated that the present study would be helpful to increase the emotional satisfaction of the users and to approach a spatial design through satisfying the types and purposes of the space.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.132-149
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• 2011

In ancient period, a variety of inorganic or organic pigments had been used as colorants in various kinds of religious and secular paintings such as tomb paintings and wall and scroll paintings in buddhist temples, and danchung(cosmic patterns) for the surface of wooden buildings. This study discusses the results obtained from an analysis of the pigments on the wall paintings of Yeongsanjeon(Hall of Vulture Peak) in Tongdo temple by a qualitative analysis using a field-XRF. The results can be briefly summarized as follows. Firstly, assuming from the major components examined from F-XRF analysis, raw materials of pigment of each color are: red to be Cinnabar(HgS) or Hematite($Fe_2O_3$); white to be White Lead[$2PbCO_3{\cdot}Pb(OH)_2$] in most cases and Calcite($CaCO_3$) or Chalk($CaCO_3$), Kaolin($Al2O_3{\cdot}SiO_2{\cdot}4H_2O$) in some cases; yellow to be Yellow Ocher[$FeO(OH){\cdot}nH_2O$]; black to be carbon(C); green on the painted surface to be Celadonite[$K(Mg,Fe^{2+})(Fe^{3+},Al)(Si_4O_{10})(OH)_2$] in most cases; dark green on the halo of figures to be Malachite[$CuCO_3{\cdot}Cu(OH)_2$], Copper Green[$2CuO{\cdot}CO_2{\cdot}H_2O$] or Atacamite[$Cu_2Cl(OH)_3$]. Secondly, incarnadine and pink were made by mixing with more than two pigments such as red and white for making various tone of colors. The qualitative analysis of pigments on the wall paintings of Yeongsanjeon, in conclusion, displays that the all pigments for ancient periods are inorganis pigments. However, it has the limitation to identify a definite kinds of mineral for each pigment because it was not possible to collect samples from cultural heritage for conducting a crystalline analysis of XRD.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• 제56권1호
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• pp.80-97
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• 2023

By taking wallpaper specimens from Gyeongbokgung Palace, Changdeokgung Palace, and Chilgung Palace preserved from the late Joseon Dynasty to the present, we planned in this study to determine the types and characteristics of the paper used as wallpaper in the Joseon royal family. First, we confirmed the features of paper hanging in the palaces with old literature on the wallpaper used by the royal family based on archival research. Second, we conducted a field survey targeting the royal palaces whose construction period was relatively clear, and analyzed the first layer of wallpaper directly attached to the wall structure after sampling the specimens. Therefore, we confirmed that the main raw material was hanji, which was used as a wallpaper by the royal family, and grasped the types of substances(dyes and pigments) used to produce a blue color in spaces that must have formality by analyzing the blue-colored paper. Based on the results confirmed through the analysis, we checked documents and the existing wallpaper by comparing the old literature related to wallpaper records of the Joseon Dynasty palaces. We also built a database for the restoration of cultural properties when conserving the wallpaper in the royal palaces. We examined the changes in wallpaper types by century and the content according to the place of use by extracting wallpaper-related contents recorded in 36 cases of Uigwe from the 17th to 20th centuries. As a result, it was found that the names used for document paper and wallpaper were not different, thus document paper and wallpaper were used without distinction during the Joseon Dynasty. And though there are differences in the types of wallpaper depending on the period, it was confirmed that the foundation of wallpaper continued until the late Joseon Dynasty, with Baekji(white hanji), Hubaekji(thick white paper), jeojuji(common hanji used to write documents), chojuji(hanji used as a draft for writing documents) and Gakjang(a wide and thick hanji used as a pad). As a result of fiber identification by the morphological characteristics of fibers and the normal color reaction(KS M ISO 9184-4: Graph "C" staining test) for the first layer of paper directly attached to the palace wall, the main materials of hanji used by the royal family were confirmed and the raw materials used to make hanii in buildings of palaces based on the construction period were determined. Also, as a result of analyzing the coloring materials of the blue decorative paper with an optical microscope, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopic analysis(UV-Vis), and X-ray diffraction analysis(XRD), we determined that the type of blue decorative paper dyes and pigments used in the palaces must have formality and identified that the raw materials used to produce the blue color were natural indigo, lazurite and cobalt blue.