• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.33-41
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• 2019

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effect of diminished plantar sensation in Y-balance test between chronic ankle instability (CAI) patients versus Healthy individuals. Method: A total of 90 subjects and CAI group (N=45) (age: $24.49{\pm}2.52yrs$, height: $173.53{\pm}8.20cm$, weight: $69.62{\pm}12.92kg$) and healthy group (N=45) (age: $24.85{\pm}2.70yrs$, height: $170.27{\pm}7.70cm$, weight: $66.04{\pm}11.60kg$) participated in this study. Participants were tested on the anterior (ANT), posterolateral (PL), and posteromedial (PM) reach directions of the Y-Balance Test before and after a 10-minute of plantar cutaneous sensation application using ice ($2^{\circ}C$). Normalized reach distances were measured 3 times each direction. Results: We observed a decrease in reach-distance scores for the reach directions after diminished plantar cutaneous sensation in all reach directions (p<.01). Also, we observed a decrease in reach-distance scores for the PL, and PM reach directions between groups (p<.05). Conclusion: Our results indicated that dynamic postural control was adversely affected immediately after diminished plantar cutaneous sensation between CAI group and healthy group. Future research may suggest that determine the studies involving more realistic dynamic movement, such as walking or running, landing.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.28 no.2D
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• pp.147-154
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• 2008

A variety of activity happens around the sidewalk in the city. Particularly, a large variety of activity happens in shopping area, but it causes an obstruction of economical revitalization since the pedestrians require time and cost to find what they want. So, this study will develop the path searching method to minimize the economical loss of shoppers by providing the significant path and supporting the walking movement. Firstly, consider existing network expression techniques and approach three points which are physical and environmental factor, the recognition of the pedestrians' space when changing the direction, and the recognition of restriction of vision and accessibility. Try to design the network DB and simulate the algorithm. As a result, it is now possible to do the path searching that considers variety of recognition factors and show the method how to make the path-searching algorithm for pedestrian.

• Journal of People, Plants, and Environment
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.677-690
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• 2019

Recently, the importance and effectiveness of neighborhood forests have been increasing in relation to the quality of life of urban residents. However, there are very few domestic studies that analyzed the correlation between visit characteristics and life satisfaction. Therefore, the study aims to understand how people use the forest for recreation and determine how visit characteristics in neighborhood forests affect individual life satisfaction(ILS). A nationwide survey (N=2,624) was conducted on visit frequency, proximity to forest, means of transportation, forest activities, and life satisfaction. To measure ILS, we used the three factors (personal, relative, collective) of COMOSWB (Concise Measure of Subjective Well-being) developed by Seo et al.(2011). The analysis shows that people usually visit the forest located within the distance of 10-30 minutes from their homes 1-2 times a month on foot for hiking/walking (forest bathing). In particular, the older visitors(over 60s) tend to visit the forest more often than the younger ones (20s). Furthermore, more frequent visitors are more likely to live near the forest. As a result of analyzing the correlation between visit characteristics and ILS by controlling demographic variables, it was found that 'visit frequency' had a positive effect on ILS, and 'proximity to the forest' did not have a statistically significant effect on ILS. In other words, residents who live near the forests are more likely to be satisfied with their lives by visiting frequently. The significance of the study is that it statistically determined that visit frequency is a key factor for ILS. Future studies should take into account the various qualitative factors of forest visit such as vegetation, quantity and types of forest, which will contribute to setting the direction for urban forest development and management.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.60-70
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• 2019

Today, Deoksugung Doldam-gil, which is a well-known area in Seoul, has become a mixed place as many places reaching a critical age have been converted into parks. However, the previous research on the Deoksugung Doldam-gil was deficient in that the user, an essential variable, was not considered when assessing the place. Based on that, this study aims to analyze and interpret the perception of the places in Deoksugung Doldam-gil and to analyze factors to further enrich the place to visitors. According to the research, the representative idea of Deoksugung Doldam-gil is "the distance you want to go" and that has influencing factors, such as vehicle restrictions and the improvement of the walking environment. The analysis of classifying the variables that make up the perception of the place, physical environments, activities and meanings showed high awareness in, "streets of green (3.95)" and "stone walls of curves (3.88)." In the category of activities, "walking activities in the inner city (4.01)" and "love and romance (3.57)" were high. These results seem to reflect the spatial characteristics of the streets and the familiar image of the place were important. Five factors were extracted from the factor analysis to provide a more detailed understanding of the place perception, the correlation between each factor, and the place atmosphere of Deoksugung Doldam-gil. These factors confirmed a high correlation between 'green landscape' and 'historicity.' This can be attributed to the fact that the analysis reflects vital space, visual experience, and free walking conditions to be important, and these variables are present in urban parks. It also indicates the long-accumulated image and behavior near the site of Deoksugung Palace, including the historical and cultural heritage. It was confirmed that the factors related to the cognitive perception of Deoksugung Doldam-gil and the formation of the atmosphere of the place were strongly recognized. It found that there was a need to reflect the value and importance of 'green' in the future as culture or in the use of preservation and management related to heritage. This study presented a direction to be noted from the perspective of a user's place awareness, but considered only a fraction of the variables that affect the multidimensional sense of place and location recognition, and thus must be supplemented in the future.

• Journal of Digital Contents Society
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.399-412
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• 2008

The 21st century has been changed into a knowledge-oriented society, which means our society is more dependent on information and moves toward information. The mixing of broadcasting and co mmunication prevails and it makes possible a new type of broadcasting service. Depending on that, a broadcasting is being changed into a consumer-oriented service to satisfy the demands of consum ers in a new media age. It makes us attain to the personal media age to be possible interactive com munication unlike existing one-way transmission. As a result, new complex media are commercialize d and the instance is DMB. DMB is said 'my own TV' or 'TV in my own hands'. But it has limit t o retransmit existing broadcast programs. So hereafter, DMB broadcasting must be produced with co ntents suited its properties out of retransmitting existing contents. It is necessary to analyze exactly properties and service fields of DMB media to make an establish production direction of contents for DMB. This paper intends to suggest overall optimized image-contents production direction including appropriate program developments, a proper running time, visual expressions such as a camera angle and walking etc... DMB contents suited with its properties will give more familiarities to DMB users. Besides, DMB is expected to be a new culture watching broadcasting.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.39-48
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• 2011

Korea is rapidly becoming an aging society. This study aims to examine the existing conditions of outdoor living environments to assist a healthy lifestyle for senior citizens and to determine the most influential factor in a senior-friendly outdoor space as well as to suggest improvements in existing conditions focused on the prospective senior population. This study relied on two methods: a descriptive method of researching publications and related scholastic writings and an empirical study that included a survey of present conditions and interviews with the prospective seniors and senior citizens in Daejeon. Conditions of outdoor living environments for seniors were found to be more than adequate in general. But some factors evaluated as low must be carefully tailored for seniors. First, the study showed that seniors evaluated as highest the 'use of a walkway' for a stroll and stayed outside for 1~2 hours at a time. Many vehicles parked in walkways were the most inconvenient factors in going for a walk. Second, the study showed that the evaluation of outdoor space was about average and 'sociality' was evaluated as the lowest. Third, the study showed that men evaluated lower than women 4 items: 'use and convenience of a wheelchair', 'night lighting', 'discrimination of signage at nighttime' and 'trees'. Respondents above the age of 66 are more uncomfortable with items such as 'slippery walking surface', 'stair handrail', 'discrimination of signage at nighttime' and 'direction of apartment complex' while respondents above the age of 80 are more uncomfortable with items of 'slippery walking surface', 'stair handrail' and 'discrimination of signage at nighttime'. Fourth, the evaluation by existing housing patterns was statistically significant in 20 of 22 evaluated items. This means that residents in apartment complex evaluated as high these items in general. In this study, existing outdoor living environments for the elderly did not display any immediately serious issues in the overall evaluation items. Assuming, however, that the aging population will quickly increase in the next ten years, items which are evaluated as low in descriptive statistics and items which give inconvenience to the elderly above the age of 80 in particular will need to be the first areas to be improved.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.66-73
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• 2019

The Royal Tomb of the Joseon Dynasty, which was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage site in 2009, is a cultural resource recognized for its 'outstanding universal value' around the world. The royal tomb of Joseon has been managed with an emphasis on the preservation of cultural assets since it was designated as a historical site in the 1970s, but it has received many visitors as a valuable historical and cultural resource and haven that connects the past and the present in today's bustling city. In order to investigate and analyze the current status of pavements in the royal palace in terms of quality and quantity, and to suggest the direction of improvement, this study conducted a complete survey of 53 royal palace viewing roads in 18 regions, and the results are as follows. First of all, problems are found in both the early Masato pavement of the creation, which was introduced with an emphasis on the preservation and protection of cultural assets, and the hardening pavement(KAP), which began to be used in the 1990s for the convenience of maintenance. In other words, the Masato pavement used to create a more environmentally friendly atmosphere of the Joseon royal tombs is showing a high percentage of use, but it lacks support for walking activities, such as the slippage of the pavement and water pooling during the rainy season or during the ice season. Also, hardening pavement introduced for convenience of maintenance, such as the movement of repair vehicles, is not functioning properly as it is damaged by physical deformation after construction. In addition, in awe zones such as parking lots, although the first image of the Joseon royal tombs is determined, the formation of the functional landscape centered on the carriageway does not harmonize with the traditional landscape, and, because of its lack of walking and environment-friendly features, there is a need for improvement, such as the experimental introduction of relevant pavement materials developed afterwards and continuous monitoring.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.97-107
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• 2013

On the Staggered Crosswalks, pedestrians cross the crosswalks two times. This method can reduce the cycle, the vehicle delay and the walking distance by increasing the major direction of green time. The safety of pedestrians is also effective. This study suggests the warrant of the facilities of island width and length etc. by considering the road structure and pedestrians. Also this study suggests the standard of the safety through the accident analysis of Staggered crosswalks and General Crosswalks. In the results, accident rate of the Staggered Crosswalks 18.3(100 million vehicle-km) was lower than the accident rate of the General Crosswalks 28.3(100million vehicle-km). By understanding the start point of crossing of the Staggered Crosswalks, the analysis of the location and types of accident suggests the safety zone(spare space). The setting warrants of Staggered Crosswalks are 4 lane over the road and the 2 meter over sidewalk width of island. The minimum length of the Pedestrian island was doubled compared to the crosswalks width. And the maximum length was set by considering the wait time of the pedestrians.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.239-251
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• 1999

The purpose of this survey is to measure the sexual knowledge, attitude, and experience in college students in order to provide better sex education programs and direction. For this study, questionnaires were given to 259 students in K college of Kyongnam and collected during the period of June 1 to June 20, 1998. Data was analyzed using a statistical computer package: SPSS to manipulate the data along with frequency, mean, t-test, F-test and Pearson correlation coeffiency. The results from this study were summarized as follows: 1. Sex related knowledge marked 12.01 at a maximum level of 25. In the areas of Sex physiology(51.8%), genital physiology(49.9%), venereal diseases(44.3%) and contraceptive methods (38.1%), students were shown to have certain levels of knowledge. 2. Sex related attitudes marked 15.35 at a maximum level of 35. The most frank attitudes concerned 'premartial coitus in males' and the most conservative attitudes concerned 'extramarital coitus in females'. 3. Concerning sexual behavior 80.7% of the respondents had associated with the opposite sex. The most frequent behaviors were walking arm in arm (male : 28.6%, female: 36.2%). Their main problems were relationships with the opposite sex(male : 39.2%, female: 24.5%), frustrated sexual desire(male : 26.0%, female: 9.8%) and unwanted pregnacy(male: 15.2%, female: 7.8%) To solve sex problems, respondents intended to consult their friends(male : 35.7%, female: 46. 7%) and become active in sports or recreation (male: 23.4%, female: 11.4%). About 81.2% of male students had a masturbation experience, but only 11.4% of female did, 40.0% of male students had a sexual intercourse experience, but only 13.3% of females did, 7.8% of male students used contraceptive methods, but only 2.9% of females did. 12.3% of male students had a rape experience, but only 10.5% of females did. The proportion of male students who made someone pregnant was 12.3%,however pregnant female were only 6.8% and the proportion of male students who forced someone to have an abortion was 12.3%, females who experienced an abortion were only 5.7%. 4. Regarding genital physiology, there was a statistically significant differences in gender ( t = -7.342, p=0.000). Regarding contraceptive methods, there was a statistically significant difference in the father's education level(F= 2.421, p=0.036) 5. In sexual attitudes, there were statistically significant differences in gender( t = 4.456, p = 0.000), religion(F=4.315, p=0.000), high school(F=3.150, p=0.045), habitation form(F= 3.164, p=0.0025 and methods of acquiring sexual knowledge(F=2.990, p=0.012). 6. The variables regarding sexual experience were gender, high school, economic status, habitation form, method of acquiring sexual knowledge, and parental attitudes toward sex. From the result of the study, sex education is required and must be taught as a regular course in the curriculum of all Korean schools at all levels.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.14 no.7
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• pp.518-528
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to observe the effects of road facilities that have adopted digital media such as total road facility called L.E.D media pole installed on U-street, Gangnam-gu on the pedestrians' satisfaction. Through the study, we would like to improve the brand competitiveness, increase the revisiting decision factors and suggest the fundamental development direction for the digital media road facilities on the typical pedestrian road, Gangnam street. The three factors from the studies came out to be spatial component, design component, and functional component. In order to analyze the factors, the pedestrians' behaviors were observed through a direct survey which provided 35 reserved factors. Also, the preliminary factors derived through survey questionnaires were revised by experts which compressed the result into 20 factors. The result of the regression analisis states that the 'Factor of the spatial component' is the statistically significant factor among the five elicited factors of the effect of the media pole on the pedestrian satisfaction. U-street's media pole provides the comfortable and various contents and application methods and will provide the new perspective on the purpose of pedestrians by new experience that is based on digital technology.