• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.269-273
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• 2006

소르빈산 칼륨은 소르빈산의 일종으로 항세균 및 곰팡이 발육 저지 효과를 갖고 있다. 이러한 성질로 인하여 소르빈산 칼륨은 곰팡이와 진균에 대한 식품 방부제로서 사용되고 있다. 소르빈산 칼륨은 많은 양에 노출되었을 때도 체내에서 수분과 이산화탄소로 분해되는 특성으로 인하여 독성이 없는 것으로 알려져 있다. gap junction을 통한 세포 간 신호 전달(GJIC)는 생체의 성장과 분화에 있어서 조직의 항상성 유지에 본질적인 역할을 하고 있다. 본 연구는 WB-F344 랫드의 정상 간 상피 세포(WB 세포)에서 소르빈산 칼륨을 노출하였을 때 GJIC에 대하여 어떤 영향을 미치는지 알아보았다. 그 결과 소르빈산 칼륨에 노출에 의하여 WB세포의 GJIC가 농도 및 시간 의존적으로 현격하게 감소하는 것을 관찰하였다. 소르빈산 칼륨은 GJIC를 강력하게 억제하며, 이는 WB 세포에서 gap junction을 구성하는 connexin 43의 인산화와 병행하는 것을 확인하였다. 소르빈산 칼륨이 gap junction의 기능을 방해함으로 인해 소르빈산 칼륨에 의한 간독성이 유발될 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국환경성돌연변이발암원학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.56-62
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• 2003

The liver progenitor cells could form a potential target cell population fore both tumor-initiating and -promoting chemicals. Induction of drug-metabolizing and antioxidant enzymes, including AhR-dependent CYP1A1, NQO-1 and AKR1C9, was detected in the rat liver epithelial WB-F344 "stem-like" cells. Additionally, WB-F344 cells express a functional, wild-type form of p53 protein, a biomarker of genotoxic events, and connexin 43, a basic structural unit of gap junctions forming an important type of intercellular communication. In this cellular model, two complementary assays have been established for detection of the modes of action associated with tumor promotion: inhibition of gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) and proliferative activity in confluent cells. We found that the PAHs and PCBs, which are AhR agonists, released WB-F344 cells from contact inhibition, increasing both DNA synthesis and cell numbers. Genotoxic effects of some PAHs that lead to apoptosis and cell cycle delay might interfere with the proliferative activity of PAHs. Contrary to that, the nongenotoxic low-molecular-weight PAHs and non-dioxin-like PCB congeners, abundant in the environment, did not significantly affect cell cycle and cell proliferation; however both groups of compounds inhibited GJIC in WB-F344 cells. The release from contact inhibiton by a mechanism that possibly involves the AhR activation, inhibition of GJIC and genotoxic events induced by environmental contaminants are three important modes of action that could play an important role in carcinogenic effects of toxic compounds. The relative potencies to inhibit GJIC, to induce AhR-mediated activity, and to release cells from contact inhibition were determined for a large series of PAHs and PCBs and their metabolites. In vitro bioassays based on detection of events on cellular level (deregulation of GJIC and/or proliferation) or determination of receptor-mediated activities in both ?$stem-like^{\circ}{\times}$ and hepatocyte-like liver cellular models are valuable tools for detection of modes of action of polyaromatic hydrocarbons. They may serve, together with concentration data, as a first step in their risk assessment.

• Molecular & Cellular Toxicology
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• 제1권3호
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• pp.203-208
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• 2005

Thioacetamide (TA) is potent haptotoxincant that requires metabolic activation by mixed-function oxidases. Micrcarray technology, which is massive parallel gene expression profiling in a single hybridization experiment, has provided as a powerful molecular genetic tool for biological system related toxicant. In this study we focus on the use of toxicogenomics for the determination of gene expression analysis associated with hepatotoxicity in rat liver epithelial cell line WB-F344 (WB). The WB cells was used to assess the toxic effects of TA. WB cells were exposed to two concentrations of TA-doses which caused 20% and 50% cell death were chosen and the cells exposed for periods of 2 and 24 h. Our data revealed that following the 2-h exposure at the both of doses and 24-h exposure at the low doses, few changes in gene expression were detected. However, after 24-h exposure of the cells to the high concentration, multiple changes in gene expression were observed. TA treatment gave rise predominantly to up-regulation of genes involved in cell cycle and cell death, but down-regulation of genes involves in cell adhesion and calcium ion binding. Exposure of WB cells to higher doses of the TA gave rise to more changes in gene expression at lower exposure times. These results show that TA regulates expression of numerous genes via direct molecular signaling mechanisms in liver cells.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제65권1호
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• pp.160-174
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• 2023

The purpose of this study was to compare marbling score, meat quality, juiciness, sarcomere length, and skeletal muscle satellite cell (SMSC) growth and related gene expression between Woori black pig (WB) and the Landrace, Yorkshire, and Duroc (LYD) crossbreed at different body weights (b.w.). WB was developed to improve meat quality and growth efficiency by crossbreeding Duroc with Korean native black pig. A total of 24 pigs were sacrificed when their b.w. reached about 50, 75, 100, and 120 kg. SMSC were isolated from the femoris muscles, and muscle and adipose tissues were sampled from the middle and the subcutaneous part of the femoris of hind legs, respectively. Expression levels of genes including Myoblast determination protein 1 (MyoD), Paired box gene 3 (Pax3), Myosin heavy chain (MyHC), and Myogenin, which are responsible for the growth and development of SMSC, were higher in LYD than the WB. Muscle growth inhibitor myostatin (MSTN), however, was expressed more in WB compared to LYD (p < 0.01). Numbers of SMSC extracted from femoris muscle of LYD at 50, 75, 100, and 120 kg b.w. were 8.5 ± 0.223, 8.6 ± 0.245, 7.2 ± 0.249, and 10.9 ± 0.795, and those from WB were 6.2 ± 0.32, 6.2 ± 0.374, 5.3 ± 0.423, and 17.1 ± 0.315, respectively. Expression of adipogenic genes in adipose tissue including CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (CEBP)-β, peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR)-γ, and fatty acid synthase (FASN), were greater in WB when compared with LYD (p < 0.01). Results from the current study suggest that different muscle cell numbers between 2 different breeds might be affected by related gene expression and this warrants further investigation on other growth factors regulating animal growth and development.

• 한국환경성돌연변이발암원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국환경성돌연변이발암원학회 2004년도 KSOT/KEMS Fall Annual Meeting
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• pp.162-162
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• 2004

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.430-434
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• 2004

Three extracellular protease-deficient Bacillus subtilis strains were transformed with the plasmid pCK98 containing the endo-$\beta$-1,4-glucanase (Eng) gene of B. subtilis BSE616. The three transformants, B. subtilis DB104 (pCK98), WB600 (pCK98) and WB700 (pCK98), produced the same high level of enzyme activity and showed similar patterns of cell growth and enzyme production. When B. subtilis DB 104 (pCK98), a two-extracellular protease deficient strain, was cultured for 22 h, almost all the secreted enzyme was found to be in the completely cleaved form by both activity staining and Western blotting studies. B. subtilis WB600 (pCK98), a six-extracellular protease-deficient strain, produced a partially cleaved form in addition to the intact form of the enzyme, although the degree of internal cleavage of the enzyme was greatly reduced. With B. subtilis WB700 (pCK98), a seven-extracellular protease-deficient strain, almost all the enzyme was produced as the intact uncleaved form. This study illustrates that a role of the V pr protease is to degrade foreign proteins produced in B. subtilis and WB700 is a suitable expression system for producing the intact form of the Eng and other foreign proteins that may lose at least part of their efficacy due to internal proteolytic cleavage.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제64권5호
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• pp.716-725
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• 2021

Objective : The anti-tumor effect of the beta-adrenergic receptor antagonist propranolol in breast cancer is well known; however, its activity in glioblastoma is not well-evaluated. The Notch-Hes pathway is known to regulate cell differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis. We investigated the effect of propranolol to human glioblastoma cell lines, and the role of Notch and Hes signaling in this process. Methods : We performed immunohistochemical staining on 31 surgically resected primary human glioblastoma tissues. We also used glioblastoma cell lines of U87-MG, LN229, and neuroblastoma cell line of SH-SY5Y in this study. The effect of propranolol and isoproterenol on cell proliferation was evaluated using the MTT assay (absorbance 570 nm). The impact of propranolol on gene expression (Notch and Hes) was evaluated using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR, whereas protein levels of Notch1 and Hes1 were measured using Western blotting (WB), simultaneously. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) was used to suppress the Notch gene to investigate its role in the proliferation of glioblastoma. Results : Propranolol and isoproterenol caused a dose-dependent decrease in cell proliferation (MTT assay). RT-PCR showed an increase in Notch1 and Hes1 expression by propranolol, whereas WB demonstrated increase in Notch1 protein, but a decrease in Hes1 by propranolol. The proliferation of U87-MG and LN229 was not significantly suppressed after transfection with Notch siRNA. Conclusion : These results demonstrated that propranolol suppressed the proliferation of glioblastoma cell lines and neuroblastoma cell line, and Hes1 was more closely involved than Notch1 was in glioblastoma proliferation.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.415-419
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• 2001

Bacillus subtilis WB700에서 P43 프로모터를 사용하여 staphylokinase를 생산하기 위하여 배지 최적화 및 회분식 배양과 유가식 배양 두가지 시스템을 비교하였다. 여러 가지 질소윈 중에서는 tryptone이 가장 좋은 질소원 이었으며, MSR 배지를 사용한 경우 tryptone 15 g/L일 경우에 최적조건임을 알아내었다. MSR 배지에시 포도당을 제한 기질로 사용할 경우는 5 g/L일 때가 SAK의 발현에 최적 조건이었다. MSR 배지를 기본으로 이용하여 포도당 공급을 조절함으로서 발효조 내의 DO를 30%로 유지한 결과 오히려 MSR 배지를 이용하여 회분식 발효를 한 경우보다 좋지 못한 결과를 얻었으며, 이는 B. subtilis 숙주의 영양요구적 특이성과 P43 promoter의 stress 발생시 주 발현되는 특성 등에 기인한 것이라고 사료된다. MSR 배지를 이용하여 회분식 발효를 하였을 때 SAK 활성은 2880 unit이었고, 이때 배지 내로 분비된 SAK 농도는 455 mg/L이었다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제39권5호
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• pp.558-563
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• 2007

본 연구에서는 정상 세포인 간상피세포를 이용하여 BHT와 PG가 GJIC에 미치는 효과 및 그 작용 기전을 살펴보았다. BHT와 PG를 WB-F344세포에 각각 1.0mM, 0.75mM 이상 처리한 결과, 세포 생육이 80%이하로 저하되어 세포 독성을 보였고, BHT와 PG의 GJIC에 대한 억제효과는 이보다 낮은 농도인 0.6mM, 0.1mM에서 나타났으며 처리에 따른 Cx43 단백질의 발현 및 인산화를 측정한 결과, BHT와 PG 모두 농도의존적으로 Cx43의 인산화가 증가하였고, Cx43의 구조적 변화와 관련된 MAP kinase는 주요 biomarker인 ERK, p38, JNK의 발현 및 인산화를 측정한 결과, 농도의존적으로 ERK와 p38의 인산화가 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 WB-F344세포에 BHT와 PG의 처리가 세포독성을 나타내기 전 농도에서 GJIC의 억제하였음을 의미하며 이는 식품첨가물의 안전성 평가에도 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.2775-2780
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• 2016

Background: Precise staging of lung cancer is usually evaluated by PET-CT and brain MRI. Recently, however, whole-body diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (WB-DWI) has be applied. The aim of this study is to determine whether the diagnostic performance of lung cancer staging by WB-DWI is superior to that of PET-CT+brain MRI. Materials and Methods: PET-CT + brain MRI and WB-DWI were used for lung cancer staging before surgery with 59 adenocarcinomas, 16 squamous cell carcinomas and 6 other carcinomas. Results: PET-CT + brain MRI correctly identified the pathologic N staging in 67 patients (82.7%), with overstaging in 5 (6.2%) and understaging in 9 (11.1%), giving a staging accuracy of 0.827. WB-DWI correctly identified the pathologic N staging in 72 patients (88.9%), with overstaging in 1 (1.2%) and understaging in 8 patients (9.9%), giving a staging accuracy of 0.889. There were no significant differences in accuracies. PET-CT + brain MRI correctly identified the pathologic stages in 56 patients (69.1%), with overstaging in 7 (8.6%) and understaging in 18 (22.2%), giving a staging accuracy of 0.691. WB-DWI correctly identified the pathologic stages in 61 patients (75.3%), with overstaging in 4 (4.9%) and understagings in16(19.7%), giving a staging accuracy of 0.753. There were no significant difference in accuracies. Conclusions: Diagnostic efficacy of WB-DWI for lung cancer staging is equivalent to that of PET-CT + brain MRI.