• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.23-28
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• 1975

One hundred and fifty seven cesarean sectioned patients among 2010 deliveries, were reviewed with the following clinical charts from January, 1973 to December, 1974 at Taegu Presby-terian medical Center. The results are as follows; 1) The section rate was 7.8% 2) In age distribution, the most frequent age was 26~30ys and it~s rate was 37%, and others were as follows : 31~35ys 24.2%, 21~25ys 21%, 36~40ys 10.8%, 41~45ys 7% respective]y- 3) In indication, the cephalopelvic disproportion was the most prevalent and it's rate was 29.3%, and others were as follows : malpresentation 14% previous cesarean section 10.8% uttering dysfunction 9.6%, totemic 4%, elderly primigravida 4%, fetal distress 2.5% post maturity 3.2%, wanted cesarean section 1, 9%, pelvic deformity 1.2% twin 1.9%, abruptio placenta 1.2%, Vaginal stricture 1.2%, and others 2.5%. 4) In type of operation, tower cervical transverse type was 82.1%, classical type 17%, ana cesarean hysterectomy was 0.9% respectively. 5) General Anesthesia was major type and it's rate was 63%, and spinal anesthesia 17.2%, epidermal anesthesia 14% and other combined type was 5.8%. 6) Percental mortality was 11.4%. 7) There was no maternal death. 8) Among the cesarean section complications, wound infection was 8,4%, headache 4.4%, urinary tract infection 1.2% and one case in endometritis. 9) In combined surgery, tubal legation was 31.2%, appenectomy 7.6%, posterior repair 1.2%, salpingoop-horectomy 1.9%, and one case in resection of uttering septum. 10) Cesarean section was performed 61.3% in multipara and 38.2% in primipara. 11) 47 (30%) had received artificial abortions. 12) 28 (17.8%) had previously experienced cesarean section.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.190-200
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• 2003

Objective: The purpose of this study is to examine influences by the order, Reduction and Reinforcement in Acupuncture on cerebral hemodynamics [regional cerebral blood flow(rCBF) and mean arterial blood pressure(MABP)] in normal rats. Methods: This experiments was to to investigate eath other changes of rCBF and MABP at Xingjian(LR2)(1st) Shaofu(HT8)(2nd) Reduction, Xingjian(LR2)(1st) Shaofu(HT8)(2nd) Reinforcement, Shaofu(HT8)(1st) Xingjian(LR2)(2st) Reduction and Shaofu(HT8)(1st) Xingjian(LR2)(2st) Reduction in Acupuncture. Results: 1. LR2(1st) HT8(2nd) Reduction in Acupuncture was decreased rCBF and MABP in compared with normal condition. 2. LR2(1st) HT8(2nd) Reinforcement in Acupuncture was significantly decreased rCBF, and was decreased MABP in compared with normal condition. 3. HT8(1st) LR2(2st) Reduction in Acupuncture was decreased rCBF during acupuncture but was recovered rCBF after with-drawing of the neddle. 4. HT8(1st) LR2(2st) Reduction in Acupuncture was decreased MABP during acupuncture and after withdrawing of the neddle. 5. HT8(1st) LR2(2st) Reinforcement in Acupuncture was significantly increased rCBF during acupuncture and 30min after withdrawing of the neddle. 6. HT8(1st) LR2(2st) Reinforcement in Acupuncture was decreased MABP during acupuncture, but was recovered MABP after withdrawing of the neddle. Conclusions: I suggested that LR2 HT8 Reduction in Acupuncture and LR2 HT8 Reinforcement in Acupuncture cause a diverse response of cerebral hemodynas.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.18 no.7
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• pp.709-714
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• 2009

Catalytic activities of $V_2O_5/TiO_2$ catalyst were investigated under reaction conditions such as reaction temperature, catalyst size, inlet concentration and space velocity. A 1,2-dichlorobenzene(1,2-DCB) concentrations were measured in front and after of the heated $V_2O_5/TiO_2$ catalyst bed, and conversion efficiency of 1,2-DCB was determined from it's concentration difference. The conversion of 1,2-DCB using a pellet type catalyst in the bench-scale reactor was lower than that with the powder type used in the micro flow-scale reactor. However, when the pellet size was halved, the conversion was similar to that with the powder type catalyst. The highest conversion was shown with an inlet concentration of 100 ppmv, but when the concentration was higher or lower than 100 ppmv, the conversion was found to decrease. Complete conversion was obtained when the GHSV was maintained at below 10,000 $h^{-1}$, even at the relatively low temperature of $250^{\circ}C$. Water vapor inhibited the conversion of 1,2-DCB, which was suspected to be due to the competitive adsorption between the reactant and water for active sites.

• Journal of Surface Science and Engineering
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.206-211
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• 2012

Process analysis was carried out during deposition of MgO by inductively coupled plasma assisted reactive magnetron sputtering in Ar and $O_2$ ambient. At the initiation of Mg sputtering with bipolar pulsed dc power in Ar ambient, total pressure showed sharp increase and then slow fall. To analyse partial pressure change, QMS was used in downstream region, where the total pressure was maintained as low as $10^{-5}$ Torr during plasma processing, good for ion source and quadrupole operation. At base pressure, the major impurity was $H_2O$ and the second major impurity was $CO/N_2$ about 10%. During sputtering of Mg in Ar, $H_2$ soared up to 10.7% of Ar and remained as the major impurity during all the later process time. When $O_2$ was mixed with Ar, the partial pressure of Ar decreased in proportion to $O_2$ flow rate and that of $H_2$ dropped down to 2%. It was understood as Mg target surface was oxidized to stop $H_2$ emission by Ar ion sputtering. With ICP turned on, the major impurity $H_2$ was converted into $H_2O$ consuming $O_2$ and C was also oxidized to evolve CO and $CO_2$.

• Korean Journal of Bronchoesophagology
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.73-78
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• 1998

The mutation of p53 is the most common genetic alteration found in human cancers and has oncogenic properties. mdm-2 is a recently discoverd that controls the p53 activity by binding of its protein, so negative feedback loop has been suggested in which p53 induces mdm-2 expression. The purpose of this study was to analyze the expression of p53 in leukoplakias, mdm-2 in squamous cell carcinomas, and relationship between p53 and mdm-2 expression in leukoplakias and squamous cell carcinomas. The results were as follows : 1) The p53 was expressed 33.4% in leukoplakias 2) The mdm-2 was expressed 8.3% in leukoplakias and 22.7% in squamous cell carcinomas. 3) The expression rate of p53 was higher in specimens negative for mdm-2 than in specimens positive for mdm-2, but there was not significant relationship between p53 and mdm-2 expression. In conclusion p53 was thought to participate in early phase of oncogenesis, and mdm-2 was thought to have a role as a oncogene in squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck. Though there was not significant relationship between p53 and mdm-2 expression, mdm-2 was thought to inhibit p53 activity.

• Journal of Ceramic Processing Research
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• v.13 no.spc2
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• pp.407-410
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• 2012

The properties of Al-doped ZnO (AZO) films were investigated as a function of H2/(Ar + H2) gas ratio using an AZO (2 wt% Al2O3) ceramic target in a radio frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering system. The deposition process was done at 200 ℃ and in 2 × 10-2Torr working pressure and with various ratios of H2/(Ar + H2) gas. During the AZO film deposition process, partial H2 gas affected the AZO film characteristics. The electron resistivity (~ 9.21 × 10-4 Ωcm) was lowest and mobility (~17.8 ㎠/Vs) was highest in AZO films when the H2/(Ar + H2) gas ratio was 2.5%. When the H2/(Ar + H2) gas ratio was increased above 2.5%, the electron resistivity increased and mobility decreased with increasing H2/(Ar + H2) gas ratio in AZO films. The carrier concentration increased with increasing H2/(Ar + H2) gas ratio from 0% to 7.5%. This phenomenon was explained by reaction of hydrogen and oxygen and additional formation of oxygen vacancy. The average optical transmission in the visible light wavelength region over 90% and an orientation of the deposition was [002] orientation for AZO films grown with all H2/(Ar + H2) gas ratios.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.18 no.E1
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• pp.29-36
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• 2002

The selective catalytic reduction (SCR) reaction of promoter catalysts was investigated in this study. A pure anatase type of TiO$_2$ was used as support. Activation measurement of prepared catalysts was practiced on a fixed reactor packing by the glass bead after filling up catalysts in 1/4 inch stainless tube. The reaction temperature was measured by K-type thermocouple and catalyst was heated by electric furnace. The standard compositions of the simulated flue gas mixture in this study were as follows: NO 1,780ppm, NH$_3$1,780ppm, $O_2$1% and $N_2$ as balance gas. In this study, gas analyzer was used to measure the outgassing gas. Catalyst bed was handled for 1hr at 45$0^{\circ}C$, and the reactivity of the various catalyst was determined in a wide temperature range. Conversion of NH$_3$/NO ratio and of $O_2$ concentration was practiced at 1,1.5 and 2, respectively. The respective space velocity were as follows . 10,000, 15,000 and 17,000 hr-1. It was found that the maximum conversion temperature range was in a 5$0^{\circ}C$. It was also found toi be very sensitive at space velocity, $O_2$ concentration, and NH$_3$/NO ratio. We also noticed that the maximum conversion temperature of (W, Mo, Sn) -V$_2$O$_{5}$/TiO$_2$ catalysts was broad. Specially WO$_3$-V$_2$O$_{5}$TiO$_2$2 catalyst appeared nearly 100% conversion at not only above 30$0^{\circ}C$ ut also below 25$0^{\circ}C$. At over 30$0^{\circ}C$, NH$_3$ oxidation decreased with decrease of surface excess oxygen. In addition, WO$_3$-V$_2$O$_{5}$TiO$_2$ catalyst did not appear to affect space velocity, $O_2$ concentration, and NH$_3$/NO ratio.ratio.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.25-30
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• 1983

This experiment was studied in the system of (1-x) CaO MgO $2SiO-Al_2O_3$ to investigate forming of solid solution. The technique empolyed was the well known water-quenching method. Differential thermal analysis of the each glass water quenched indicated that under 30 mole% $Al_2O_3$ was lowered with increasing of the amount of $Al_2O_3$ It was supposed by X-ray diffraction patterns of each specimen sintered at various temperature that only solid solution was formed under the 30mole % $Al_2O_3$ compositions solid solution and anorthite were formed at the 20mole% $Al_2O_3$ composition anorthite solid solution and spinel$(MgAl_2O_4)$ were formed over the 40mole% $Al_2O_3$ compositions. The maximum density and thermal expanison coefficient was 2.89g/cm 7.74x106./C$^{\circ}$ respectively in the composi-tion of 10 mole% $Al_2O_3$ . All the specimens showed linear thermal expansion behavior. Microhardness was as high as 850kg/nm2 in the composition of 5, 10, 20 mole % $Al_2O_3$ and dielectric constant was 7.3-6.9.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.183-191
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• 1998

This study was carried out to elucidate the correlation between Germination Index(G.I.) and CO2 emission for evaluation of the maturity of compost products. 13 compost samples was used for this experiment. The G.I. test was carried out on the basis of T-N 200ppm. As a result of this research, we found that CO2 emission method was good simple indicator for evaluation of maturity of compost materials, in spite of G.I. The obtain results are summarized as follows ; 1. The correlation value between the G.I. and the CO2 emission was R2 = 0.776. 2. The correlation value between EC(Electric Conductivity) and G.I. was R2 =0.7. 3. The equation calculated from G.I. and CO2 emission was G.I. = -16.7(InCO2) - 6.87. 4. From these results, we found the possibility of estimation for the value of G.I.(T-N 200ppm) from CO2 emission volume under specific condition.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.38 no.9
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• pp.676-681
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• 1994

Diels-Alder adducts, carbacephems were obtained when 4-acetoxyazetidine-2-one or (3R,4R)-4-acetoxy-3-[(1R)-1-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)ethyl]azetidin-2-one was reacted with 2-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-1,3-butadiene or with 3-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-1,3-pentadiene. When tert-butyldiemethylsilyl acrylate was used as the diene, products in which was acetoxy group of 4-acetoxyazetidin-2-one derivatives was substituted by an acryloyloxy group were isolated. When the same reaction was carried out with 4-phenylsulfonylazetidin-2-one as a dienophile with 2-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-1,3-butadiene, 4-phenylsulfoyl-2-butanone was obtained instead of the expected carbacephem. When dimeric form of thiochalcone was reacted with 4-acetoxyazetidin-2-one in the presence of zinc chloride, the $\beta-lactam$ ring of the azetidin-2-one was destructed and no product was isolated. Also, the reaction of 2-trimethylsilyloxy-1-aza-1,3-butadiene, which was obtained from N-methylacrylamide by treatment of trimethylsilyl trifluoromethanesulfonate in the presence of triethylamine, with 4-acetoxyazetidin-2-one did not give any products.