• 농촌지도와개발
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.1-20
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to evaluate an education program to take care of the elderly in the rural area. The education program that includes 4 sessions are carried out in the community center. The 4 sessions are to understand rural elderly and volunteer role, help elderly's daily living, aid elderly to use welfare services and support the elderly's leisure. The subjects were 30 persons under 60 years of age living in Jangseong and Hoengsung villages. By paired t-test, knowledge on caring and the attitude for elderly and volunteer showed significant differences between before and after the education program. After the training, 66.7% of the subjects answered 'yes' to the question that asked whether they would like to participate in caring volunteer for neighboring elderly. Subjects's positively changed attitude can stimulate positive behavior that eventually enables them to provide high quality services. The satisfaction of the program showed high scores for contents, place and operation of education.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.335-348
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• 2018

Purpose: This study has been conducted to develop and examine a health promotion empowerment program using a lay health leader for frail elderly. Methods: The research was organized in a nonequivalent control group pre-post test design. Data collection was performed from August 18 to October 8, 2015. The subjects included 76 frail elders aged over 65 registered in home visiting services (Experimental group=39, Control group=37). A health promotion empowerment program using a resident volunteer as a lay health leader was run for 8 weeks. Health factors (health promotion behavior, perceived health status and frailty) and empowerment factors (empowerment, social participation) were assessed. The data were analyzed by using the SPSS/WIN 18.0 program. Results: After the program, health promotion behavior, perceived health status and social participation increased in the experimental group more significantly than in the control group, but frailty decreased in the experimental group greater than in the control group. Conclusion: The health promotion empowerment program using a resident volunteer as a lay health leader was effective. Therefore, the health promotion empowerment program needs to be expanded to other frail elders. Also, a health leader should be recommended as a public health resource and systematically managed.

• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.71-81
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• 2017

Purpose: This study was conducted to investigate the level of nursing students' knowledge, attitude and behavior toward the elderly; correlations between the variables; and the factors influencing the behavior. Methods: Data were collected by 380 nursing students using a self-questionnaire from February 13th to 24th of 2017. Data were analyzed using t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficients and stepwise linear regression with SPSS WIN 19.0. Result: The scores of knowledge, attitude and behavior toward elderly were 11.96 points (range 0~25), 4.51 points (range 1~7), 3.48 points (range 1~4), respectively. Significant differences were found in knowledge, attitude and behavior according to volunteer experience. There were positive correlations between the three variables. Factors influencing the behavior were volunteer experiences and the attitude toward the elderly, which explained about 17.7% of total variance. Conclusion: These results indicate a need to develop the gerontological nursing education program to lead to an increase of positive attitudes including volunteer work for the elderly. Accordingly, the program will help strengthen the nursing students' positive behavior toward the elderly.

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.324-334
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• 2008

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to develop and execute the village heath worker(VHW) training program which based on short term overseas medical volunteer and medical mission. Methods: Through case studies of previous VHW program and review articles about the state of medical volunteer and medical mission, we developed the VHW training program. Pilot test of the program was carried out in Tugeugarao city, Phillipines on July, 2008. The subject were 32 persons from 15 villages around Tuguegarao city. After training we surveyed regarding the satisfaction of training and the degree of getting knowledge and skills. Results: Through article review, we got the common subjects of previous VHW training program and the limitations of overseas medical volunteer and medical mission. We developed VHW training program aiming to community health promotion through community participation and community change. The main text was "Where There Is No Doctor" of Hesperian Foundation. The program executed through 1 day intensive lecture and practice. The satisfaction of the program was 8.95±1.70 on 10 point rating scale. Conclusions: We strongly expect VHW training program can be available as new model of short overseas medical volunteer as well as medical mission if we could systemize it with the confirming subject before training , management after training and continuous support through connection with the field.

• 복식
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• 제57권3호
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• pp.53-62
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to investigate mechanical and comfort performances of the material for the improved working uniform for a volunteer fire brigade member, to get basic data for its evaluation and to help its material and design development. The results were as follows; The material of the newly developed working uniform was thinner and lighter than the material of the current used working uniform. It had better breathability, air permeability and heat transmission rate than the current one. It also had superior anti-flammability In all mechanical properties(tensile, bending, shearing, compression and surface properties), it showed better performances than the current one. It elongated and bended easier and more in both warp and weft directions. The elastic recovery and shape stability after elongation were also higher. The recovery and resistance to shearing and the resiliency and recovery after compression were also better than the current one. It was more flexible, softer and smoother in primary hand value, and was more suitable for the material for winter suit which needs softness and fullness in total hand value. The material of the improved working uniform showed lower thermal insulation value and higher evaporative resistance value compared to the material of the currently used working uniform from the sweating thermal manikin test. It was shown that the physical performances and the hand value of the textile material used in the newly developed working uniform for a volunteer fiber brigade member was improved compared to the one used in the currently used working uniform.

• 대한물리치료과학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.158-169
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• 2003

The present study examined that in vivo test is investigated in sham-operated(control group) and aldosterone-analogue deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-salt hypertensive animals(experimental group) and that the antihypertensive effect was induced by silver spike point(SSP) low frequency electrical stimulation at meridian points(CV-3, -4, Ki-12, SP-6, LR-3, BL-25, -28, -32, -52), specifically, such as diuretic action in 24 hour urine analysis from normal volunteer. The $Na^+$ and $Ca^{2+}$ ions were significantly increased in aldosterone-analogue DOCA-salt hypertensive rats than that in sham-operated rats. However, the $K^+$ ions were significantly decreased in aldosterone-analogue DOCA-salt hypertensive rats than that in sham-operated rats. The current of 1 Hz continue type of SSP low frequency electrical stimulation significantly increased in excretion of urine $Na^+$ and $K^+$ ions from normal volunteer. However, the excretion of $Ca^{2+}$ ion were significantly decreased by SSP electrical stimulation in volunteer. These results suggest that the development of aldosterone analogue-DOCA-salt hypertension is associated with changed $Na^+$, $K^+$ and $Ca^{2+}$ ions of urine. which directly affects blood pressure. Therefore, the hypertension is a risk factor on cardiovascular disease. Moreover, These results demonstrate that the SSP low frequency electrical stimulation, especially current of 1 Hz continue type, significantly regulates $Na^+$, $Ca^{2+}$ and $K^+$ ions from volunteer. Therefore, the SSP low frequency electrical stimulation is a good regulator through a diuretic action of aldosterone-induced hypertension.

• 가족자원경영과 정책
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.153-167
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• 2003

The purposes of this study were to examine the pattern of housewives’social activity participation and investigate the characteristics of this pattern. The data of this study were collected from 340 housewives living in Seoul area. Statistical methods used were frequency, percentage, oneway ANOVA, DMR-test, and cluster analysis. The results of this study were as follows; 1) 52.6% of respondents participated in social education, only 20.8％ in volunteer work. And a large number of housewives(77.6% of respondents) wanted to get a job. 2) Housewives were classified into job-demand group, job-apathy group and social activity oriented group by the pattern of social activity participation. And these groups were differed by Age, income, degree of satisfaction as a housewife, time constraints, and money constraints.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.29-34
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• 2005

141,841 car-to-car collision had occurred in 2003, and among the accidents 51,796 were rear-end impact. According to insurance company for loss or damage, more than $60\%$ of rear-end impact victims suffer neck injury. This means at least 31,000 neck injury victims have happened in 2003. More than $97\%$ of the neck injury victims have low severity injury than A.I.S 2. Head restraint, which is designed to limit rearward head movement and equipped on seat, can considerably protect neck from rear-end impact. In this paper we evaluated head restraint geometry and drivers' sitting position according to RCAR standard and carried out low speed volunteer crash test. The crash speed is 4km/h and N.I.C value is used to determine injury probability. Through these research results we can introduce the method to prevent neck injury at rear-end impact.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.232-243
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to examine factors influencing the meaning of life for middle-aged women. The subjects for the study were 190 middle-aged women who live in Busan. Data were collected from May 25 to June 20, 1999. The instruments for this study were as follows : the meaning of life scale developed by Jung D. R(1978) ; the self-esteem scale developed by Ro, E. Y, Kwon, J. H.(1997) ; the volunteer activity scale developed by Park G. J.(1999), the marital satisfaction scale developed by Choi G. Y.(1999) ; and the health status scale developed by Kim S. Y. (1991). SPSS PC+ was utilized for data analysis. Data were analysed according to frequency and percentage, mean and standard deviation, t-test, ANOVA, Sheffe' s test and Pearson' s correlation coefficients and stepwise multiple regression. The reliability of the tools was tested by Cronbach's $\alpha$ : and it showed reliability scores of 0.88(for the meaning of life tool), 0.81(for the self-esteem tool), 0.94(for the marital satisfaction tool) and 0.78(for the health status tool). The results were as follows: 1) The scores showed that middle-aged women had a moderate level of meaning of life, with a mean of 30.31 and standard deviation of 6.24 (with values ranging from 12.00 to 48.00). The scores showed that middle-aged women had a moderate levels of self-esteem, with a mean of 28.92 and standard deviation of 4.67 (with values ranging from 10.00 to 40.00). The scores showed that middle-aged women had a very low level of volunteer activity, with a mean of 0.87 and standard deviation of 0.93(with values ranging from 0.00 to 1.00). The scores showed that middle-aged women had a moderate level of satisfaction in their marriages, with a mean of 31.99 and standard deviation of 7.84(with values ranging from 12.00 to 48.00). The scores showed that middle-aged women had a moderate level of health status, with a mean of 6.63 and standard deviation of 1.57(with values ranging from 3.00 to 9.00). 2) There was a statistically significant difference of the meaning of life of middle-aged women according to their religion(F=8.930, p=.000), christian ($31.94{\pm}5.96$) had more meaning th life than buddhists ($28.40{\pm}6.23$). 3) There was a statistically significant correlations between the subject' s self-esteem and the her meaning of life(r=0.477, p=0.000), the subject' s level of volunteer activity and meaning of life(r=.428, p=.000), her level of marital satisfaction and meaning of life(r=.417, p=.000), and her level of health status and meaning of life(r=.261, p=.000) among these middle-aged women. 4) Self- esteem was the highest factor influencing the level of meaning of life in middle-aged women. 40.0% of the total variance of levels of meaning of life by was dependent on self-esteem, volunteer activity, marital satisfaction and health status. In conclusion, the higher the self-esteem and levels of volunteer activity, marital satisfaction, and health status of middle-aged women, the higher the meaning of life for them. Therefore, it is necessary to elevate levels of the self-esteem and volunteer activity, marital satisfaction and health status in order to help middle-aged women have more meaning of life.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.81-86
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• 1996

The assessment of acrosomal status is important in evaluating the ability of sperm to fertilize the egg. The acrosomal status of sperm from 47 normal volunteers with proven fertility and 167 subfertile men with not to achieve pregnancy for at least 1 year were evaluated with Acrobeads test(FUSO Pharmaceutical Industries, Ltd, Japan) using immunobeads coated with MH61 monoclonal antibody, which is specific for acrosome-reacted sperm. The mean${\pm}$SD of acrobeads score in 47 volunteer group was $2.8{\pm}0.7$, of which 46(97.9%)cases were ${\geq}$ 2. The mean${\pm}$SD of acrobeads score in 167 subfertile group was $1.7{\pm}0.8$, of which 73(79.3%)cases were ${\leq}$ 1. The aerobe ads score in subfertile group were significantly lower(r=0.294, p<0.05) than those in volunteer group. In subfertile group, acrobeads score were well correlated with the sperm density and motility(r=0.275, r=0.281, p<0.01), but not with semen volume(r=0.16) and serum hormone level(FSH r=0.084, LH r=0.036, testosterone r=0.058, prolactin r=0.006 and estradiol r=0.060)(p>0.05). Of 63 subfertile cases with normozoospermia, 22(34.9%)cases showed 0 or 1 of acrobeads score, which means to accompany with a functional defect in spite of normal morphology. As a results, Acrobeads test is not only a technically simple sensitive procedure with good reproducibility in evaluating the sperm fertilizing capacity but also an useful in the evaluation of effectiveness in the treatment of infertility and the separation of acrosome-reacted sperm in the assisted reproductive technique.