• Archives of design research
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.375-384
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• 2004

The general tendency of approach to Korean Design History has been focusing its primary interest on the grand story in relation to the problems of modernization in political, economical and social aspects of Korea. In the discourse of modernization, however, there are two sides immanent in the modernization: there is the formal, institutional and authoritative modernization developed inside the capitalistic mode of production and the informal, individual and cultural modernization manifested in the mode of everyday lives. Especially, despite the viewpoint of the latter being embossed as an alternative approach in various areas including the academic world of history since the collapse of socialism, the historical recognition of the phenomena of modern design by the Korean design historians is more like the 'history from the above' that exists at the level of the discourse outside the reality rather than the 'history from the below' that exists within the ordinary life. To grant a sense of balance in such frame of historical understanding, it requires the restructuring the design history of Korea through the cultural perspectives from having the representation of mundane lives realized by the voluntary design activity of the common people as research subjects. One of the methods to acquire an answer to such problem is decoding, in the manner of 'cultural history', the life-long domestic artifact made by Madame Yang, Gap Jo (currently 87 years of age) who is a model of typical Korean mother. Through the historical rumination on the traces of unpretentious lives of the people that has been buried under the grand narrative of the Korean Design History, a new era aimed for the historical prospect of Korean design as cultural history will be possible by excavating the petit yet multi-layered meaning of Korean designs.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.679-689
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• 2013

To relieve Green-house Gas Emission is the key issue in urban area. Urban transport policies have focused on the reduction of private car use. The most common of these is Travel Demand Management(e.g., congestion charge, environmental tax, etc.) that forces individuals to reduce their private car use. An alternative way is Mobility Management(MM) that induces individuals to voluntarily change their car use through communications. MM is founded on social psychology theory and focuses on individuals' decision making processes to change their perception and attitude on private car use. Although some researchers have reported the relevance of MM approach, still few researches have explicitly studied on individuals' decision making processes. Therefore, the aims of the paper are to analyze the decision making process of individuals and to provide the basis of introducing MM approach in Korea. Structural equation model(SEM) is applied for the analysis of individuals' decision making process. A empirical study shows that psychological factors such as perception/attitude on global environment or individual norms impact significantly to reduce private car use and accordingly the relevance of introducing MM approach instead of imposing regulations or expanding transport facilities.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.282-294
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• 2010

The purpose of SAICM (Strategic Approach to International Chemicals Management) is to minimize the health and environmental hazards from the production and the consumption of chemicals by improving the chemicals management capability of developing countries and implementing a system of the risk assessment and the management based on the precautionary principle until 2020. To achieve this purpose, the UN has prescribed the principles, objectives and establishment of an action plan for the chemicals management strategy which must be carried out at international, local, and national levels, and requested the implementation of the Global Plan of Action (GPA) comprising of 273 recommendations in 36 work areas. SAICM is currently based on voluntary participation, but is expected to become the basic framework of international order in relation to chemicals management in the future. This study aims to analyze the practice in the occupational safety and health area relating to implement 273 recommendations of the GPA, and propose complementary measures for the system in order to provide political advices for establishing future plans to manage industrial chemicals. Twenty three areas of total 36 work areas and 161 items of 273 recommendations have relevance to occupational safety and health areas. We have found that, as a national implementation level, 157 of 161 industrial safety and health items are being implemented at a satisfactory level in regard to the implementation of the GPA, while 4 items, including the ratification of the ILO Conventions 170, 174, 184, and support for GHS (Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling of chemicals) implementation of developing countries, require additional complementary measures for the system and operation.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.163-166
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• 2010

Pulp and paper mill wastewater has been treated by biological treatment, but the secondary effluent still contains high lignin, chemical oxygen demand, color and total dissolved solids. Tertiary treatment by land application, referred to as 'Project Green,' has been implemented to treat such high quantities of undesirable matters. The impacts of seepage from Project Green diffusing into receiving streams on the water quality and fish pen aquaculture were studied via the integration of technical and social approaches. The determination of the water quality was performed for 13 sampling stations along the receiving stream, including the Chot stream, Chot lagoon and the Pong River. The water quality was generally at normal levels, with the exception of total dissolved solids. The levels of matter were higher at the Chot stream, but became more diluted at the Chot lagoon and the Pong River, respectively. The social approach was conducted through the voluntary participation of the villagers as research assistants for the fish aquaculture study. Fish could grow at three fish pens within the study sites at the location of Project Green, the Chot lagoon and the Pong River. Fish growth at the Chot lagoon was better at the site of Project Green and the Pong River. The integration of technical and social approaches was a meaningful tool not only for the technical feasibility but in helping to solve the conflict between the community and industry.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.260-271
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• 2002

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to identify basic health needs of adult clients to develop a community nursing center model in Seoul. Methods: Data were collected using a questionnaire survey from 894 adults registered at a public health center who were health management members, and visiting 4 community nursing centers, University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee during the period from July 1999 to January 2000. The data were analyzed using frequency, percentile, t-test, and ANOVA. Results: 1) The University of Wisconsin- Milwaukee School of Nursing has a long tradition of developing 4 community nursing centers with innovative health care programs. CNCs integrate the ability to implement and test effective intervention strategies with education, research, and practices of nursing students and faculty. They were designed to enhance the health status and quality of life for urban communities through the development of productive, outcome focused, collaborative partnerships among UWM-Nursing faculties and staff, other health and human service providers, consumers, and policy makers. It links the financial resources between UWM and 9 voluntary agencies and 12 public funding organizations including federal. state, and local governments. 2) Of the total health management members, 37.4% were reported to have at least one type of chronic disease such as hypertension, diabetes, and arthritis. Ten percent of them reported having obesity, and 44.2% reported lack of exercise. The health status of the subjects was within normal range in laboratory tests. However, female subjects showed more significant differences in obesity and cholesterol levels than male subjects. The subjects, who were in their 50s, showed more significant differences in obesity, SGOT, SGPT, and cholesterol levels than the subjects in other age groups. Conclusion: A community nursing center needs to be developed, that has a link between the nursing college and the public health center, with partnerships and a multidisciplinary approach. Based on the study results, exercise programs for middle aged adults are considered necessary. In particular, specific exercise programs for pre-menopausal women needs to be implemented in the future to prevent them from developing osteoporosis.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.57-67
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• 2017

Recently, Looking at the watershed management policy in Korea, It is preparing to manage sub-watershed and tributary from the government-led mainstream management, such as the selection of algae focused management tributary, application of tributary-TMDLs. At this point, this study is attempted to propose the residents participatory watershed management methods that is possible daily, voluntary and customized management in the sub-watershed. As a results, through this study, we found out the importance of sub-watershed unit based watershed management because of the pollutants in blind spot. It is the prerequisite for watershed management to arrange practicable bottom-up approach that these investigated contents can be reflected in the various planning.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aviation and Aeronautics
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.47-54
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• 2016

Global aviation is projected to grow in demand by an annual average of 4.1% between 2014 and 2034. It can be said that environmental impact from aviation will therefore be expected to increase on a similar scale. As regards civil aviation emissions, the sector contributes between 2~3% to International aviation GHG emissions. In the European Union(EU), aviation emissions account for about 3% of the EU's total green house gas emissions, of which a majority are said to come from international flights. In terms of traffic volume in 2013, Korea's international aviation industry 11th with regard to passengers and 3rd with regard to cargo, attaining the overall rank of 5th in the world. GHG emissions has been increasing steadily over the last 4 years, averaging 3.9 percent a year, due to the growth of low cost carriers and the increased demand for air transportations. As for aviation in Korea, there are a number of means intended to attain the Government's emission control objective in an efficient manner, such as AVA (Agreement of Voluntary Activity), TMS (Target Management System) and ETS (Emission Trading Scheme). In addition, the Government intends to better adapt to ICAO's Global MBM(Market-based Measures) that will come into performance on Year 2020. In the study, we focused on GHG mitigation measures that is fulfilling the AVA, TMS, ETS in the Government and suggest the effective measures to reduction the aviation GHG emissions.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.3-10
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• 2005

Indoor air quality (IAQ) is recognized as a byproduct of industrialization that took place in the 20th century. The great attention to IAQ has been gained since 1980s, and led to numerous research studies that have mainly made in the developed countries. As the development of residential environment in Korea enters in the process of qualitative growth, IAQ has viewed as one of the core issues in the society, and research in relation to IAQ has been implemented until now in the fields of engineering and medical science. It is widely known that the sources and effects of indoor air pollution have been various, and IAQ research with multidisciplinary approaches is required. Nevertheless, few research embedded into a socio-behavioral approach to identifying interventive measures of residents and analyzing their choices is made. The purpose of this study is to examine the use of an interactive measure of residents in apartments that is air purification with phytoncide available in the market, and to investigate their self-reported effects of the air purifying substance on sick building syndrome symptoms. This study utilizes a field experiment design with pre-test and post-test, and the experiment is conducted in a natural field setting. A total of 87 test subjects from 32 households with already sick building syndrome are drawn via internet, and the participation is solely voluntary. The participants receive and use the air purifying substance, and are asked to use it continuously for two weeks and identify their self-reported symptoms of before- and after-use. The research findings indicate that air purification using phytoncide is effective to alleviate their symptoms in relation to sick building syndrome. Also it is noted that the participants report that the use of the air purification causes the positive impacts on their daily life. Further research is needed that compares the group with only humidifier and evaluates the mid-term and long-term use of the air purification and its effects.

• Journal of Environmental Policy
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.129-143
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• 2009

In South Korea, Mine industries were encouraged to obtain the natural resource from 1960 to 1980. However, the depletion of natural resource and decreasing price have been caused by the voluntary closure of non-economical mines and a cut of their production since 1990. Harmful wastewater containing such heavy metals as iron, aluminum, arsenic, and cadmium are being discharged from abandoned pits and waste stone and tailing dumping sites following the closure of mines. Therefore, the objective of this paper suggests a policy of mine hazard prevention(PMHP) and method that allows the combination of new spatial data and as well as collected data on resources for the sustainable mine reclamation and management using EGIS/MGIS technique to develop an integrated plan and management techniques.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.51-59
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• 1999

Standing up from a supine and prone position is very important for physical independence. All kinds of patients have a bed rest or lying on floor without special care. Even though the patient had complete from illness. He must train the functional activities before discharge. There are many method for the functional activity training. Likewise, sing of reflex, voluntary movement for muscle strength increasing, but clinically ideal method is approaching with motor developmental stage. Supine and prone progression of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation have a ideal reason. That is reflex integratation, development of muscle tone, develop of motor control, dynamic and static, motor behavior and cognition.