• Journal of Wetlands Research
• /
• v.24 no.1
• /
• pp.59-67
• /
• 2022

The interest in LID facilities is increasing worldwide for recovery of natural water cycle system to destroy by urbanization. However, problems are raised when installation of LID because comprehensive analysis about design capacity adequacy of LID facilities was not conducted completely. In this research, removal efficiency and design volume adequacy of LID facilities were analyzed based on rainfall monitoring data in four LID facilities(Vegetated Swale, Vegetative Filter Strip, Bio-Retention and Permeable Pavement). As a result, group of LID facility designed on WQV was shown higher flow(37%) and pollutants(TSS, BOD, TN and TP) removal efficiencies(20 ~ 37%) than group of LID facility designed on WQF. SA/CA graph was drawn for evaluation of design volume adequacy based on rainfall monitoring data. In this SA/CA graph, coefficient of determination show over 0.5 in all parameter, especially, Flow and TP were show over 0.95. And, 'SA/CA & L/CA' graph considering difference of structure mechanism in LID facility suggested in this research was confirmed that improved coefficient of determination in flow, TSS and TP than SA/CA graph. According to this research results, feasibility of applying 'SA/CA & L/CA' graph for evaluation of design volume adequacy in LID facility, and it is necessary to follow up research for generalization and normalization.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
• /
• v.11 no.4
• /
• pp.55-66
• /
• 1991

Presented is a study on the realistic determination of design loads and design criteria for bridge structures. The current bridge design code does not consider realistically the uncertainties inherent in loads and resistances and thus the level of safety varies greatly among the bridge spans. The resonable bridge design loads and design criteria which exhibit uniform reliability among various bridge spans are therefore derived in the present paper. The proposed design loads are determined from the analysis of numerous data obtained from actual traffic survey and the design criteria are based on the advanced concept of load and resistance factor format. The live load factors take into account resonably the effects of traffic volume increase. The proposed design loads and design criteria show uniform safety level for various bridge spans and reasonably consider the effects of traffic volume increase. The present study provides useful and valuable data for new version of our bridge design code.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
• /
• v.26 no.1
• /
• pp.70-76
• /
• 2016

Background: The use of the extracts from evening primrose seeds as a health functional food has been gradually increased. Therefore, the monitoring and screening process has been considerably required for its quality control. Objective: This study aimed to estimate the measurement uncertainty associated with determination of penta-o-galloyl ${\beta}$-D-glucose (PGG) in extracts from evening primrose seeds by high-performance liquid chromatography. Methods: The sources of measurement uncertainty was expressed in accordance with mathematical/statistical theories of GUM & EURACHEM Guide. The expanded uncertainty was calculated by using the relative standard uncertainty between analytical result and sources of uncertainty in measurement (sample weight, final volume, extraction volume, standard solution, matrix and instrument etc). Results: In the results of 95% confidence interval, the uncertainty in measurement was $10,253.34{\pm}1,844.50{\mu}g/kg$ (k = 2.0). Conclusion: In this study, it showed that the value of uncertainty in measurement for determination of PGG in extracts from evening primrose seeds by HPLC has about 18.0% influence on PGG contents of the analytical results. The results would be very useful for the monitoring and screening of evening primrose seeds marketed in Korea for its quality control as dietary supplement.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
• /
• v.37 no.1
• /
• pp.195-202
• /
• 1997

A method for the isolation by matrix solid phase dispersion method and liquid chromatographic determination of enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin in pork muscle tissue is presented. Blank or enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin spiked samples(0.5g) containing 0.05g oxalic acid were blended with $C_{18}$(octadecylsilyl derivatized silica) packing material. After homogenization, $C_{18}$/muscle tissue matrix was transferred to glass column made from 10ml glass syringe and filter paper, and compressed to 4~4.5ml volume. A column was washed with 8ml of hexane and dried under vacuum. Interfering materials were removed by ethylacetate 8ml and dried, following which enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin were eluted with 8ml of methanal under gravity. The eluate containing enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin wase free from interfering compound when analysed by HPLC with UV detection at 278nm. Enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin showed linear response with UV detector at the range of $0.05{\sim}1.0{\mu}g/ml$ and eluted within 5ml elution volume of methanol from the matrix. Fortified sample containing 0.05g oxalic acid represented more good recoveries than that of control sample. Average percentages of enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin were $93.30{\pm}4.56%$ and $91.84{\pm}4.17%$, respectively, for the concentration range(0.05, 0.1, 0.25, 0.5 and $0.75{\mu}g/g$). The interassay variability of enrofloxacin was $6.02{\pm}5.33%$ with an intra-assay variability of 4.89% and $6.75{\pm}2.68%$ with 4.54% for ciprofloxacin. Detection limit of enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin was $0.030{\mu}g/g$ in the spiked sample.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
• /
• v.1 no.1
• /
• pp.79-88
• /
• 1976

A determinatien of the saponins in ginseng tea and extract was carried out by using the quantitative TLC autodetector equipped with a hydrogen flame ionization detector. In order to apply to the Quality central of the ginseng tea and extract. the optimum condition and recovery percentage for the quantitative determination of saponins in these products duo studied. The results obtained were as follows: The method was adequate to estimate whether the ginseng extract used for the Products and She raw ginseng extract were the same quality or net. Most of the individual peak area was increased with the concentration of the total saponin. But some of the peak areas were net increased quantitatively in the ease of the sample containing high concentration ginseng extract. To deternine the saponins in ginseng tea correctly high volume low concentration was better than the low volume high concentration. Optimum concentration of ginseng extract in sample to determine the individual saponins was in the range of 0.5∼1.5g. The recovery percentage of the total saponin was 99.5% on the average.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
• /
• v.19 no.6
• /
• pp.554-558
• /
• 1996

High-performance liquid chromatographic method was developed for the determination or LB 20304 (compound 1) in the plasma of rats and dogs. The analyte was deproteinized with 1 volume of methanol and 1/2 volume of 10% zinc sulfate, and the supernatant was injected onto a reversed-phase HPLC column. The mobile phase was a mixture of 24 parts of acetonitrile and 76 parts of 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid. The flow rate was 1 ml/min, and the effluent was monitored by fluorescence detector at an excitation wavelength of 337 nm and an emission wavelength of 460 nm. The retention time of compound 1 was 6.3 min. The assay of compound 1 was linear over the concentration range of 0.2-100.mu.g/ml in the plasma of rats and dogs. The lower limit of quantification was 0.2.mu.g/ml using 100.mu.l of plasma with a 97-99% accuracy and a 12-14% precision. In the 0.5, 5, and 50.mu.g/ml quality control samples, the intra- and inter-day accuracy were 88-95% and 88-97%, whereas intra- and interday precision were 0.5-6.6% and 0.2-9.3%, respectively, in the plasma of rats and dogs. The recoveries were 68-71% independent of concentration and species in the plasma. No interferences from endogenous substances were observed. Taken together, the above HPLC assay method by deproteinization and fluorescence detection was suitable for the determination of compound 1 in the preclinical pharmacokinetics.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
• /
• v.26 no.1A
• /
• pp.229-236
• /
• 2006

Recently, the use of crushed sand produced by the crushing of stone is continuously increasing to reach an utilization rate of about 20% of the whole fine aggregates that is foreseen to grow larger in the future. However, the lack of recognition concerning quality during the production of crushed sand results in the use of crushed sand that do not satisfy the KS F 2527 standard during the manufacture of concrete. And, studies investigating the effects of such crushed sand on concrete are still neglected. Therefore, this study intends to provide data that can be exploited for concrete using crushed sand through the analysis of the effects of the grain shape of crushed sand on the quality of concrete. Results revealed problems in the workability, air entraining and durability for a value of 53% for the solid volume percentage for shape determination specified by the current KS F 2527. Analysis showed that the adjustment of the solid volume percentage for shape determination from the currently specified 53% to 55% will improve the quality of concrete using crushed sand in high strength concrete particularly.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
• /
• v.18 no.3
• /
• pp.194-199
• /
• 2000

Purpose : Then determining the lower margin of post-operative pelvic radiation therapy field according to the traditional method (recommended by Gunderson), the organs located in the low pelvic cavity and the perineum are vulnerable to unnecessary radiation. This study evaluated the effect of individualized determination of the lower margin at 2 cm to 3 cm below the anastomotic site on the failure patterns. Materials and Methods . Authors included ぉ patients with modified Astler-Coiler (MAC) stages from B2 through C3, who received low anterior resection and post-operative pelvic radiation therapy from Sept. 1994 to May 1998 at Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University. The numbers of male and female patients were 44 and 44, and the median age was 57 years (range: 32-81 years). Three field technique (posterior-anterior and bilateral portals) by 6, 10, 15 MV X-rays was used to deliver 4,500 cGy to the whole pelvis followed by Sn cGy's small field boost to the tumor bed over 5.5 weeks. Sixteen patients received radiation therapy by traditional field margin determination, and the lower margin was set either at the low margin of the obturator foramen or at 2 cm to 3 cm below the anastomotic site, whichever is lower. In 72 patients, the lower margin was set at 2 cm to 3 cm below the anastomotic site, irrespectively of the obturator foramen, by which the reduction of radiation volume was possible in 55 patients ($76\%$). Authors evaluated and compared survival, local control, and disease-free survival rates of these two groups. Results : The median follow-up period was 27 months (range : 7-58 months). MAC stages B2 in 32($36\%$), B3 in 2 ($2\%$), Cl in 2 ($2\%$), C2 in 50 ($57\%$), and C3 in 2 ($2\%$) Patients, respectively. The entire patients' overall survival rates at 2 and 4 years were $94\%$ and $68\%$, respectively, and disease-free survival rates at 2 and 4 years were $86\%$ and $58\%$, respectively. The first failure sites were local only in 4, distant only in 14, and combined local and distant in 1 patient, respectively. There was no significant difference with respect to local control and disease-free survival rates ( p=0.42, p=0.68) between two groups of different lower margin determination policies. Conclusion : The new concept in the individualized determination of the lower margin depending on the anastomotic site has led to the equivalent local control and disease-free survival rates, and is expected to contribute to the reduction of unnecessary radiation-related morbidity by reduction of radiation volume, compared with the traditional method of lower margin determination.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
• /
• v.11 no.1
• /
• pp.19-27
• /
• 1993

For the design of a large-scale landfill, the future utilization plan of the landfill ought to precede based on the analysis of existing facility. Analysis for the present condition of reclamation must include accurate assesment of volume and other consideration such as urban scenery. In this study an optimum data interpolation scheme area/volume determination method based on the classification of topography were combined for the correct assessment of sweeping volume. Combined model was compared with the real data of Digital Elevation Model constructed by aero photography. The new model aims at providing basic information for the design and utilization of a new landfill. A a result of this study, we made an algorithm to perform the classification of the topography in the area of interest objectively. In addition, we decided optimal data interpolation scheme and area/volume calculation method for given topography. Finally, we applied the developed methodology to Nangido Landfill to assess current landfill situation and potential capacity when landfilling is resumed.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
• /
• v.35 no.4
• /
• pp.322-333
• /
• 2009

In this study, a measurement method was evaluated for the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the ambient atmosphere. PAHs were sampled by high-volume samplers, and were then analysed with a GC/MS system. Particulate PAHs were collected on $8"{\times}10"$ quartz fiber filter, while vapor phase PAHs were adsorbed on polyurethane foam (PUF). Target compounds included a total of 36 PAHs, which are known to be frequently detected in the urban atmosphere. It was not necessary to clean-up samples before samples were analyzed using GC/MS, and the overall performance of the method was tested by a variety of quality control and quality assurance schemes. It is generally known that the clean-up procedure can negatively affect the recovery of samples. Precision and accuracy was evaluated using SRM provided by US NIST, and the results were generally satisfactory and reliable. However, the GC/MS method appeared not to be adequate for 6-rings PAHs, such as coronene, due to its lower sensitivity. In addition, collection efficiencies for low molecular compounds, such as 2-rings PAHs, were poor because of the lower retention volume of the PUF adsorbent. As a result, it was concluded that the method based on high-volume sampling and GC/MS analysis can give very reliable data by simultaneous sampling of both particulate and vapor phases for 3-rings to 5-rings PAHs of environmental concern.