• JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.437-444
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• 2015

A high output power voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) in the U-band was implemented using a 65 nm CMOS process. The proposed VCO used a transmission line to increase output voltage swing and overcome the limitations of CMOS technologies. Two varactor banks were used for fine tuning with a 5% frequency tuning range. The proposed VCO showed small variation in output voltage and operated at 51.55-54.18 GHz. The measured phase noises were -51.53 dBc/Hz, -91.84 dBc/Hz, and -101.07 dBc/Hz at offset frequencies of 10 kHz, 1 MHz, and 10 MHz, respectively, with stable output power. The chip area, including the output buffer, is $0.16{\times}0.16mm^2$ and the maximum output power was -0.11 dBm. The power consumption was 33.4 mW with a supply voltage of 1.2-V. The measured $FOM_P$ was -190.8 dBc/Hz.

• 한국ITS학회 논문지
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.46-52
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• 2009

본 논문에서는 낮은 위상잡음 특성과 넓은 주파수 가변을 갖는 새로운 전압제어 발진기의 구조를 제안한다. 제한한 구조는 서셉턴스 기울기 파라미터를 높이기 위해 임피던스 변환기를 이용하여 직렬 공진 회로를 병렬 공진 회로로 변환하는 방법을 사용하고 있다. 제작한 전압제어발진기는 0V$\sim$9V 가변전압으로 10.1GHz$\sim$10.7GHz의 600MHz 주파수 가변과 -119dBc/Hz@1MHz 이하의 우수한 위상잡음 특성을 보인다. 측정된 고조파 억압특성은 28dB이상이다.

• 한국전자파학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전자파학회 2002년도 종합학술발표회 논문집 Vol.12 No.1
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• pp.21-24
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• 2002

This paper presents a fully integrated, wide tuning range differential CMOS voltage-controlled oscillator, tuned by pMOS-varactors. VCO utilizing a novel tuning scheme is reported. Both coarse digital tuning and fine analog tuning are achieved using pMOS-varactors. The VCO were implemented in a 0.18-fm standard CMOS process. The VCO tuned from 1.8㎓ to 2.55㎓ through 2-bit digital and analog input. At 1.8V power supply voltage and a total power dissipation of 8mW, the VCO features a phase noise of -126㏈c/㎐ at 3㎒ frequency offset.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.1304-1316
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• 1996

In this paper, A VCO(Voltage Controlled Oscillator) in use of clock recovery/data regeneration circuit for 10 Gbps fiber optic receivers was developed. The improved hair-pin resonator with a parallel coupled lines, which has been applied to microstrip filters, was used as a resonance part. As a frequcncy tuning device by substituting 3-terminalMESFET vaaractor for varactor diode, an MMIC manufacturing process will be simplified. Since a hair-pin resonator is planar type compared to the dielectric resonator and has a relatively flat reactance verus frequency, it will be favorable to apply a hair-pin resonator to an MMIC, in addition wideband frequency tuning range is able to be obtained.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.201-209
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• 2011

This paper presents a wide-band fine-resolution digitally controlled oscillator (DCO) with an active inductor using an automatic three-step coarse and gain tuning loop. To control the frequency of the DCO, the transconductance of the active inductor is tuned digitally. To cover the wide tuning range, a three-step coarse tuning scheme is used. In addition, the DCO gain needs to be calibrated digitally to compensate for gain variations. The DCO tuning range is 58% at 2.4 GHz, and the power consumption is 6.6 mW from a 1.2 V supply voltage. An effective frequency resolution is 0.14 kHz. The phase noise of the DCO output at 2.4 GHz is -120.67 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.755-764
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• 2009

This paper presents a switched self-biasing and a tail current-shaping technique to suppress the 1/f noise from a tail current source in differential cross-coupled inductance-capacitance (LC) voltage-controlled oscillators (VCOs). The proposed LC VCO has an amplitude control characteristic due to the creation of negative feedback for the oscillation waveform amplitude. It is fabricated using a 0.13 ${\mu}m$ CMOS process. The measured phase noise is -117 dBc/Hz at a 1 MHz offset from a 4.85 GHz carrier frequency, while it draws 6.5 mA from a 0.6 V supply voltage. For frequency tuning, process variation, and temperature change, the amplitude change rate of the oscillation waveform in the proposed VCO is 2.1 to 3.2 times smaller than that of an existing VCO with a fixed bias. The measured amplitude change rate of the oscillation waveform for frequency tuning from 4.55 GHz to 5.04 GHz is 131 pV/Hz.

• 한국전자파학회논문지
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• 제15권9호
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• pp.820-825
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• 2004

본 논문에서는 TV set-top tuner용으로 사용할 수 있는 옥타브 밴드를 갖는 전압제어 발진기를 설계하였다. 측정 결과, 주파수 튜닝 범위는 0.9 GHz～2.2 GHz로써 1.3 GHz의 발진 대역을 갖는다. 광대역 튜닝과 선형성, 그리고 일정한 위상 잡음 성능을 유지하기 위해 트랜지스터의 베이스와 에미터부에 모두 4개의 배랙터 다이오드를 사용한 것이 특징이다. 개발된 전압제어발진기는 0 V～20 V의 제어 전압과 10 V, 15 mA의 공급 전력을 필요로 한다. 출력 전력은 5.3 dBm을 중심으로 약 $\pm$1.1 dB의 편차를 갖고, 위상 잡음은 전 발진 대역에서 -94.8 dBc/Hz ＠ 10 kHz offset 이하의 값을 보인다. 선형성은 평균적으로 65 MHz/V이고 $\pm$10 MHz의 편차를 보인다.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.12-16
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• 2018

In this work, a voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) was demonstrated for 10-GHz band motion detecting sensors. The VCO MMIC was fabricated using a $2-{\mu}m$ InGap/GaAs HBT process, and the tuning of the oscillation frequency is achieved by changing the internal capacitance in the HBT, instead of using extra varactor diodes. The implemented VCO MMIC has a micro size of $500{\mu}m{\times}500{\mu}m$, and demonstrates the value of inserting the VCO into a single chip transceiver. The experimental results showed that the frequency tuning characteristic was above 30 MHz, with the excellent output flatness characteristic of ${\pm}0.2dBm$ over the tuning bandwidth. And, the VCO MMIC exhibited a phase noise characteristic of -92.64 dBc/Hz and -118.28 dBc/Hz at the 100 kHz and 1 MHz offset frequencies from the carrier, respectively. The measured values were consistent with the design values, and exhibited good performance.

• 대한전자공학회논문지TC
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• 제44권11호
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• pp.54-59
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• 2007

본 논문에서는 varactor-loaded split-ring resonator (VLSRR)를 기반으로 한 가변 metamaterial 전송 선로를 이용한 광대역 전압 제어 발진기를 제안하였다. 우선, 마이크로스트립 라인에 결합된 VLSRR이 주파수 조절 특성을 갖는 metamaterial 전송선로를 만들 수 있음을 증명하였다. 음의 유효 투자율은 VLSRR에 의해 공진 주파수 상에서 협대역으로 얻어지는데, 버랙터 다이오드들의 연결을 통해 주파수가 조절될 수 있다. 1.8 V의 공급 전압을 갖는 전압 제어 발진기는 주파수 조절 범위 $5.407\;{\sim}\;5.84\;GHz$에서 $-108.84\;{\sim}\;-105.5\;dBc/Hz$ @ 100 kHz의 위상 잡음 특성을 얻는다. Power-frequency-tuning-normalized (PFTN)이라고 불리우는 figure of merit (FOM)은 20.144 dB이다.

• Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.191-193
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• 2016

This paper proposes a voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) that has broadband turning and low-level of phase noise characteristics. Due to the micro-strip line resonant circuit with a low Q value, which is applied to the broadband tuning range, the depreciated phase noise performance is compensated by restraining the harmonics of the oscillating frequency. The VCO was designed according to the proposed structure as well as the conventional structure, and the superiority of the proposed structure was verified through its simulation, fabrication, and measurement.