• Title/Summary/Keyword: Vitis

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Gene Analysis of A Fruit-specific Thaumatin-like Protein, VVTL1-homolog, from Campbell Cultivar of Grape (포도 캠벨 품종으로부터 과육 특이발현 VVTL1-homolog 유전자의 분석)

  • 김인중;김석만
    • Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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    • v.28 no.5
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    • pp.255-261
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    • 2001
  • Vitis vinifera thaumatin-like protein (VVTL1) is a fruit-specific and ripening-related protein in grape. In order to isolate VVTL1-homolog gene and fruit-specific promoter from Campbell cultivar, we isolated a genomic clone containing VVTL1-homolog gene from grape genomic library through plaque hybridization. VVTL1-homolog gene has an intronless genomic structure, which the pattern is matched with those of other PR5 genes such as osmotin and osmotin-like protein genes. Transcription start site was determined by primer extension analysis. The promoter region of VVTL1-homolog gene contains a sequence or structure, especially the location and number of TCA box and ABRE (abscisic acid-responsive element), distinct from other reported plant PR5 genes, though with several known functional elements such as a TATA box and CAAT box. These results suggested that VVTL1-homolog gene may be regulated by a plant hormone, abscisic acid, and one or several stresses such osmotic pressure and pathogen infection. The isolation of fruit-specific promoter may be helpful to breed a genetically modified grape with valuable phenotype or materials in fruits.

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Vegetative Compatibility Grouping and Pathogenicity of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Isolates from Different Host Plants

  • Ahn, Il-Pyung;Kim, Soonok;Im, Kyung-Hwan;Lee, Yong-Hwan
    • The Plant Pathology Journal
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    • v.19 no.6
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    • pp.269-273
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    • 2003
  • A total of 57 isolates of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides were recovered from diseased tissues of Hall's crab apple (Malus haliana), 3 cultivars of edible apple (M. pumila var. dulcissima), red pepper (Capsicum annum), and grapevine (Vitis vinifera) fruits. All isolates showed strong virulence on their own host plants. Isolates from edible apple exhibited high level of cultivar specificity in pathogenicity tests. Ten isolates from apple cultivar 'Fuji' were virulent on 'Jonathan' and 'Rall's Genet'. However, 12 isolates from 'Jonathan' and 'Rall's Genet' were not virulent on 'Fuji'. Among the 24 isolates from red pepper, only seven and two isolates were infective on edible apple and grapevine fruits, respectively. All six isolates from grapevine were only virulent on their own host. These isolates were grouped into five vegetative compatibility groups (VCGs), A, B, C, D, and E, by demonstrating heterokaryosis through complementation using nitrate-nonutilizing (nit) mutants. Among them, isolates belong to VCG-A and VCG-D accounted for 24 and 17 isolates; those in VCG-A exhibited wide host range involving Hall's crab apple, all three edible apple cultivars, and red pepper. On the other hand, isolates of VCG-D and VCG-E showed limited host range specific to red pepper and grapevine, respectively. Taken together, the data suggest that among C. gloeosporioides isolates, the concepts of pathotype and/or forma specialis may exist, and that three is a relationship between host specificity and VCG grouping among C. gloeosporioides isolates.

Molecular cloning, sequences analysis and in vitro expression of the dihydroflavonol 4-reductase gene from Gypsophila paniculata L. (안개초(Gypsophila paniculata L.)로부터 dihydroflavonol 4-reductase 유전자의 분리 및 분석)

  • Min, Byung-Whan;Cheong, Dong-Chun
    • Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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    • v.37 no.1
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    • pp.89-95
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    • 2010
  • Dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (DFR) is a key enzyme of the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway which catalyses the NADPH-dependent reduction of 2R,3R-trans-dihydroflavonols to leucoanthocyanidins. In this study we describe cloning and expression of the genes encoding the flavonoid-biosynthetic enzyme DFR in Gypsophila paniculata L. Inspection of the 1279 bp long sequence revealed an open reading frame 1063 bp, including a 36 bp 5' leader region and 181 bp 3' untranslated region. Comparison of the coding region of this DFR cDNA sequence including the sequences of Arabidopsis thaliana, Citrus sinensis, Dianthus caryophyllus, Ipomoea batatas, Matthiola incana, Nierembergia sp, Petunia hybrida, Solanum tuberosum, Vitis vinifera reveals an identity higher than 69% at the nucleotide level. The function of this nucleotide sequences was verified by comparison with amino acid sequences of the amino-terminus and tryptic peptides from purified plant enzyme, by northern blotting with mRNA from wild type and mutant plants, by in vitro expression yielding and enzymatically active reductase, as indicated by the small leucopelargonidin peak. Genomic southern blot analysis showed the presence of only one gene for DFR in Gypsophila paniculata.

Vegetation Restoration Model of Pinus thunbergii in Urban Areas (도시지역 곰솔림의 식생복원모델)

  • Kim, Seok-Kyu
    • Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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    • v.20 no.2
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    • pp.151-162
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    • 2011
  • The purpose of this study is suggest to restoration model of Pinus thunbergii in Saha-gu, Busan Metropolitan City. The result of this study is summarized as follows; As the results of this study, vegetation restoration model is presented by separating community planting and edge planting. The community planting species of tree layer were Pinus thunbergii and Quercus acutissima and Quercus dentata and Quercus serrata and Quercus alienna and Quercus variabilis. The community planting species of subtree layer were Platycarya strobilacea and Prunus sargentii and Styrax japonica and Eurya japonica and Morus bombycis. The community planting species of shrub layer are Ulmus pavifolia and Ulmus davidiana and Lindera obtusiloba and Elaeagnus macrophylla and Mallotus japonicus and Ligustrum obtusifolium and Sorbus alnifolia and Rhus trichocarpa and Zanthoxylum schinifolium and Rosa wichuraiana and Rhus chinensis and Viburnum erosum and Rhododendron mucronulatum and Rhododendron yedoense and Indigofera pseudotinctoria. And the planting species of edge vegetation are Japanese Angelica and Symplocos chinensis and Pittosporum tobira and Lespedeza maximowiczii and Lespedeza bicolor and Rubus coreanus and Rubus idaeus and Vitis thunbergii and Ampelopsis brevipedunculata and Rosa multiflora. Considering the population of individuals up to layers in each $400m^2$ area, it was composed of 24 in tree layer, 35 in subtree layer, 410 in shrub layer and 34% herb layer in the Pinus thunbergii community. And the average of breast-high area and canopy area was $10,852cm^2$ in tree layer, in subtree layer $1,546cm^2$, in shrub layer $1,158,660cm^2$. The shortest distance between trees was calculated as 2.0m in tree layer, 1.9m in subtree layer.

Ecological Characteristics and Restoration Model of Vegetation in the Urban Forest (도시림 식생의 생태적 특성과 복원모델)

  • Kim, Seok-Kyu;Ju, Kyeong-Jung;Nam, Jung-Chil;Park, Seung-Burm
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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    • v.13 no.2
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    • pp.80-94
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    • 2010
  • The purpose of this study is suggest to restoration model of Pinus thunbergii in Saha-gu, Busan. The result of this study is summarized as follows. As the results of this study, vegetation restoration model is presented by separating community planting and edge planting. In community planting, as a group of canopy, there are 6 species; Pinus thunbergii, Quercus acutissima, Quercus dentata, Quercus serrata, Quercus alienna, Quercus variabilis. As a group of understory, there are 5 species; Platycarya strobilacea, Prunus sargentii, Styrax japonica, Eurya japonica, Morus bombycis. Also as a group of shrub, there were 15 kinds of species; Ulmus pavifolia, Ulmus davidiana, Lindera obtusiloba, Elaeagnus macrophylla, Mallotus japonicus, Ligustrum obtusifolium, Sorbus alnifolia, Rhus trichocarpa, Zanthoxylum schinifolium, Rosa wichuraiana, Rhus chinensis, Viburnum erosum, Rhododendron mucronulatum, Rhododendron yedoense, Indigofera pseudotinctoria. And as a group of edge vegetation, there were 10 kinds of species; Japanese Angelica, Symplocos chinensis, Pittosporum tobira, Lespedeza maximowiczii, Lespedeza bicolor, Rubus coreanus, Rubus idaeus, Vitis thunbergii, Ampelopsis brevipedunculata, Rosa multiflora. Vegetation restoration models of Pinus thunbergii community were calculated the units $400m^2$ for the average populations of the woody layer is 24 in canopy layer, 35 in understory layer, 410 in shrub layer, 34% herbaceous layer ground cover. And the average of breast-high area and canopy area is $10,852cm^2$ in canopy layer, in understory layer $1,546cm^2$, in shrub layer $1,158,660cm^2$. The shortest distance between trees is calculated as 2.0m in canopy layer, 1.9m in understory layer.

Evaluation of Physicochemical and Fermentation Qualities of Moru Wines Supplemented with Pine Needles or Medicinal Herbs (약용 식물을 첨가한 머루주의 이화학적 특성과 발효 품질 평가)

  • Lee, Je-Hyuk;Kang, Tae-Ho;Um, Byung-Hun;Sohn, Eun-Hwa;Han, Woo-Cheul;Ji, Seol-Hee;Jang, Ki-Hyo
    • Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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    • v.22 no.6
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    • pp.886-894
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    • 2012
  • For the development of Moru wine with enhanced sensory qualities, Moru (Vitis amurensis) wines were fermented with pine needles from Pinus densiflora Siebold et Zuccarini to make Moru-pine wine or medicinal herbs from Astragali Radix and Viscum album to make Moru-herb wine. Moru without pine needles or medicinal herbs was included as a control. Pine needles and Astragali Radix/Viscum album delayed the fermentation of Moru wine, but after 40 days of fermentation and aging, final ethanol contents, pH, acidity, and the sugar/organic acid content in these kinds of Moru wines had no differences. The final ethanol level and acidity of Moru wines were 11.5~12.9% and 1.1~1.2%, respectively, but any sugars (glucose, fructose and sucrose) were not detected in all Moru wines. These results are consistent with the general characteristics of Moru wines, which have a high acidity and low sugar contents. Relatively low browness and antocyanins were detected in Moru-herb wine decreasing its chromaticity in a sensory test. Overall, the supplements of Astragali Radix/Viscum album reduced the color of normal Moru wine, which might be applied toward the development of conventional Moru wines.

Mirid Bugs (Heteroptera: Miridae) on Grapevine: Their Damages and Host Plants (포도에 발생하는 장님노린재(노린재목, 장님노린재과)의 종류, 피해 및 기주식물)

  • 이승환;이관석;고현관
    • Korean journal of applied entomology
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    • v.41 no.1
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    • pp.33-41
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    • 2002
  • The mirid bug damages on grapevine were observed not only on young shoot and leaves (decoloration, deforming, and perforation) but also on fruits (black spot, corky scar, and young fruit shattering). Among 159 fields surveyed throughout the country, 113 fields (71%) were damaged, and the damages were relatively severer in the chief producing districts of grape vine, such as Gimpo, Anseong, Naju, Gimcheon, Buyeo, Daejeon, Yesan than other districts where grapevine yards were not concentrated. The severest shoot damages were observed in two grape vine yards of Naju (85%) and Gimpo (65%) in 1999. Three species of virid bugs were recognized on grape vine tree, Apoygus spinolae (Meyer-Dur), Apolygus lucorum (Meyer-Dur), and Orthotylus (Melanotrichus) flavosparsus(Sahlberg). Among them, A. spinolae was dominant species in the number of specimens collected. A. spinolae were collected on 10 host plants including Vitis vinifera L., Prunus armeniaca var. ansu Max., and prunus serrulata var. spontanea(Max.) Wils. and etc., and A. lucorum were collected on 10 species of plants, including Artemisia iwayomogi Kitamura, Artemisia princeps var. orientalis(Pampan) Hara and etc. Both A. spinolae and A. lucorum distributed widely in Korean grapevine yards.

Elucidation of the Inhibitory Effect of Phytochemicals with Kir6.2 Wild-Type and Mutant Models Associated in Type-1 Diabetes through Molecular Docking Approach

  • Jagadeb, Manaswini;Konkimalla, V. Badireenath;Rath, Surya Narayan;Das, Rohit Pritam
    • Genomics & Informatics
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    • v.12 no.4
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    • pp.283-288
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    • 2014
  • Among all serious diseases globally, diabetes (type 1 and type 2) still poses a major challenge to the world population. Several target proteins have been identified, and the etiology causing diabetes has been reasonably well studied. But, there is still a gap in deciding on the choice of a drug, especially when the target is mutated. Mutations in the KCNJ11 gene, encoding the kir6.2 channel, are reported to be associated with congenital hyperinsulinism, having a major impact in causing type 1 diabetes, and due to the lack of its 3D structure, an attempt has been made to predict the structure of kir6.2, applying fold recognition methods. The current work is intended to investigate the affinity of four phytochemicals namely, curcumin (Curcuma longa), genistein (Genista tinctoria), piperine (Piper nigrum), and pterostilbene (Vitis vinifera) in a normal as well as in a mutant kir6.2 model by adopting a molecular docking methodology. The phytochemicals were docked in both wild and mutated kir6.2 models in two rounds: blind docking followed by ATP-binding pocket-specific docking. From the binding pockets, the common interacting amino acid residues participating strongly within the binding pocket were identified and compared. From the study, we conclude that these phytochemicals have strong affinity in both the normal and mutant kir6.2 model. This work would be helpful for further study of the phytochemicals above for the treatment of type 1 diabetes by targeting the kir6.2 channel.

Determination of Major Phenolic Compounds of Grape Juice and Wine of Different Geographic Origins (국내외 포도즙 및 포도주의 주요 페놀계 화합물 함량 비교분석)

  • Chang, Seog-Won;Song, Jeong-Hee;Shin, Nam-Sub;Lee, Ki-Yeol;Rho, Yong-Taek
    • Food Science and Preservation
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    • v.16 no.5
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    • pp.747-753
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    • 2009
  • Trans-resveratrol, quercetin, and epicatechin are natural polyphenolic substances with a wide range of biological activities, including anti-oxidant and anti-cancer properties. The compositions and levels of these chemicals were determined in grape (Vitis vinifera) juice and wine of different geographic origins. Significant differences in Hunter color values, pH, total acidity, and ethanol and free sugar contents, were found depending on both the nature and country of processing. Overall, trans-resveratrol and quercetin levels in wines were higher than in juices, indicating that wine is a rich source of these chemicals. Significant differences in the content and composition of epicatechin were found to depend on processing procedures, country of origin, and cultivar. This information may be useful to grape breeders and manufacturers of wine or juice.

A study on the fruit color characteristics and persisting period of deciduous woody landscape plants in Middle area of Korea (중부지방 낙엽조경수목의 열매색 특성 및 지속 기간에 관한 연구)

  • 서병기;심경구;정해준;심재성
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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    • v.23 no.3
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    • pp.144-154
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    • 1995
  • The fruit color characteristics and persisting period of deciduous woody landscape plants were investigated through the field survey in Suwon region from January 1, 1992 to March 20, 1993. The summary of the study results was as follows; The total fruit color persisting period was about 320 days from May 1, 1992 when Prunus mume was beginning of fruit coloring, to March 20, 1993 when the fruits of Platanus occidentalis and platanus X acerifolia were persisting. And the plants of fruit persisting period over 60 days after leaf falling were Vibumum erosum, Ilex serrata, Ilex verticillata 'Christmas Cheer', Platanus X acerifolia, Platanus occidentalis, Berberis thunbergii 'Atropupurea', Ligustrum obtusifolium. According to the KBS standard color number, 52.6% of of the fruit color were red, 18.9% yellow, 11.6% black, green 9.5%, white 2.1%, violet 1.1%, and red is followed black 4.2%. Evodia daniellii, Ilex verticillata 'Christmas Cheer', Ilex serrata, Ginkgo biloba, Lindera obtusiloba, and Lindera erythrocarpa should be planted male and female species together for fruits. We got the new information on the fruit color characteritics and persisting period of Malus 'Hopa', Malus 'Almey', Malus 'Pioneer X', Acer rubrum, Malus prunifolia, Pyrus serotina, Berberis thunbergii 'Atropurpurea', Vibumum rhytidophyllum, Rosa spp. Vitis vinifera, Vaccinium angustifolium, Ilex verticillata 'Christmas Cheer', Magnolia stellata, Aronia arbutifolia, Sorbus alnifolia, Lonicera japonica var. aueroreticulta, and Ligustrum X vicaryi. And we need to introduce new cultivars of woody landscape plants including Malus spp, Berberis spp, Sorbus alnifolia yellow autumn leaf clone etc. for the better planting design. The fruit persisting period of woody landscape plants studied by fruit name was that sorosis 276 days, samara 155 days, legume 153 days, hip 133 days, pome was 124 days, drupe 92 days, berry 73 days, capsule 67 days, follicle 55 days and nut 52 days respectively.

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