• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.277-289
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• 1982

Because of a high degree of unsaturation of perilla seed oil vitamin E deficiency can be produced in chicks by using this particular oil diet. It is therefore convenient to use this oil for elucidating more detailed function (s) of vitamin E. The present study was undertaken to investigate the nutritional and pathological aspects both of high PUFA and of low vitamin E in the diet eventually to elucidate the function(s) of vitamin E. The present study examines the relationships between PUFA, vitamin E and Se in the experimental diets by measuring vitamin E levels both in serum and in liver and activities of SGPT and SGOT and by examining electron micrographs of the chick hepatocytes. Vitamin E concentrations in serum and liver responded to dietary treatments. Serum levels of vitamin E were more affected than those in liver, the values of groups IV(15% fat,- Vit.E) and V(15% fat,-Vit E,-Se) were significantly lower than those of groups I (5% fat) and 111 (15% fat) with P/S ratio of 1. The activities of SGOT and SGPT were found not to be different significantly among different diet groups. Electron microscopic observations of the chick hepatocyte revealed degeneration of mitochondria and appearance of vesicles in the cytoplasm of groups fed diets high in PUFA and deficient in vitamin E alone or deficient in both vitamin E and Se. In the same group pyknotic nuclei and deterioration of the sinusoidal border, showing diminution in microvilli were also observed. More detailed studies concerning biochemical aspects should be carried out by using radioisotopes both in the in vitro and in vivo systems and morphological study should have a focus on the changes in nucleus which seems already suggestive in the present observation.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제78권3호
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• pp.232-238
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• 2015

Background: A relationship between low vitamin D levels and the development or outcomes of respiratory diseases has been identified. However, there is no data on the vitamin D status in patients with acute eosinophilic pneumonia (AEP). We evaluated the vitamin D status in patients with AEP among South Korean military personnel. Methods: We prospectively compared the serum levels of total 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], 25(OH)D3, and 25(OH)D2 among patients with AEP, pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB), and community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Results: In total, 65 patients with respiratory diseases, including AEP (n=24), PTB (n=19), and CAP (n=22), were identified. Of the 24 patients with AEP, 2 (8%) had deficient total 25(OH)D levels (<10 ng/mL), 17 (71%) had insufficient total 25(OH)D levels (${\geq}10$ to <30 ng/mL), and only 5 (21%) had sufficient total 25(OH)D levels (${\geq}30$ to <100 ng/mL). The difference in the total 25(OH)D levels among patients with AEP, PTB, and CAP was not statistically significant (p=0.230). The median levels of total 25(OH)D, 25(OH)D3, and 25(OH)D2 were 22.84, 22.84, and 0.00 ng/mL, respectively, and no differences in the 25(OH)D level were present among patients with AEP, PTB, and CAP with the exception of the total 25(OH)D level between patients with AEP and PTB (p=0.042). Conclusion: We have shown that low vitamin D levels are frequently found in patients with AEP and are comparable with those in patients with PTB and CAP.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.47-54
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• 1987

In order to evaluate the clinical significances of the serum vitamin $B_{12}$, folate and ferritin levels in patients with malignant tumors, the levels were measured in 10 normal contol subjects, 70 patients with malignant tumors, 7 patients with liver cirrhosis and 25 patients with other benign diseases. The results are as follows: 1) In normal control subjects, mean serum values for vitamin $B_{12}$, folate and ferritin level were $588.80{\pm}131.58pg/ml,\;5.59{\pm}1.52ng/ml\;and\;89.22{\pm}42.78ng/ml$ retrospectively 2) There was no significant difference in serum levels between patients with benign diseases and normal control subjects. 3) The serum vitamin $B_{12}$ and ferritin levels in patients with liver cirrhosis were significantly higher than in normal control, and the serum folate levels in these patients were lower than in normal control subjects. 4) The serum vitamin $B_{12}$ and ferritin levels in patients with malignant tumors were significantly higher than in normal control subjects, and the serum folate levels in these patients were significantly lower than in normal control subjects. The above results suggest that the serum vitamin $B_{12}$ and ferritin may be useful as tumor markers in patients with malignant tumors.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.197-203
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• 1999

A total of 216 women of natural menopause over 40 years were interviewed to find the relationships among general environmental fctors, anthropometric measurements, daily nutrient intake, and BMD. The average age of the subjects was 54.0 years. Average ages of menarche and menopause were 16.7 years and 47.7 years, respectively. In general, energy and nutrients intake of the subjects were relatively low compared to the Korean recommended dietary allowances(RDA). Specifically, intakes of energy, protein, clcium, iron, and vitamin A were lower than Korean RDA, BMD levels of lumbar spin (LS), femoral neck(FN), ward's triangle(WT), and trochanter(TC) were significantly decreased wit age in descending order of LS, FN, TC, and WT BMD, accordingly. BMD levels of FN and TC of the subjects were higher compared to those of the same age but BMD levels of LS and WT were lower than those of the same age from the general population. For factors related to BMD levels, hight, weight, BMI, and hip circumference had positive correlations with BMD. On the other hand, menarche, and WHR had negative correlations with BMD. Protein, lipid, iron, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, and niacin intake among factors related nutrient intakes were positively correlated with BMD levels. Based on the stepwise regression analysis, the factors and vitamin B1 intakes. Overall, BMD was decreased with age as can be expected. For those being tall, moderately weighed, and smaller waist circumference, BMD levels were high when the relationships of body characteristics and BMD levels were considered. The higher BMD levels were found for those with high intake of protein and vitamin B1. From the findings, it is suggested that the women after menopause keep the optimum body weight and good eating habits. Specially intakes of good quality protein, vitamin B1 seemed to be important.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제55권4호
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• pp.321-333
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• 2022

Objectives: Extensive evidence links low vitamin D status and comorbidities with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outcomes, but the results of published studies are contradictory. Therefore, we investigated the association of lower levels of vitamin D and comorbidities with the risk of COVID-19 infection. Methods: We searched MEDLINE (via PubMed), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and ClinicalTrials.gov for articles published until August 20, 2021. Sixteen eligible studies were identified (386 631 patients, of whom 181 114 were male). We included observational cohort and case-control studies that evaluated serum levels of vitamin D in COVID-19-positive and COVID-19-negative patients. Mean differences (MDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. Results: Significantly lower vitamin D levels were found in COVID-19-positive patients (MD, -1.70; 95% CI, -2.74 to -0.66; p=0.001), but with variation by study design (case-control: -4.04; 95% CI, -5.98 to -2.10; p<0.001; cohort: -0.39; 95% CI, -1.62 to 0.84; p=0.538). This relationship was more prominent in female patients (MD, -2.18; 95% CI, -4.08 to -0.28; p=0.024) than in male patients (MD, -1.74; 95% CI, -3.79 to 0.31; p=0.096). Male patients showed higher odds of having low vitamin D levels (odds ratio [OR], 2.09; 95% CI, 1.38 to 3.17; p<0.001) than female patients (OR, 1.17; 95% CI, 0.74 to 1.86; p=0.477). Comorbidities showed inconsistent, but generally nonsignificant, associations with COVID-19 infection. Conclusions: Low serum vitamin-D levels were significantly associated with the risk of COVID-19 infection. This relationship was stronger in female than in male COVID-19 patients. Limited evidence was found for the relationships between comorbidities and COVID-19 infection, warranting large population-based studies to clarify these associations.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제29권9호
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• pp.981-990
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• 1996

To define the risk facots of subclinical vitamin D deficiency in postmenopausal women, circulating serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels, known to be the indicator of vitamin D status, were measured and risk faxtors affecting it were investigated in 27 women with low 25-hydoxyvitamin d level(ie, the study group : serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D<10ng/ml) by comparing to 55 age-matched control(the control group) were analyzed. The serum level of 25-hydorxyvitamin D was analyzed by HPLC(High Pressure Liquid Chor-matography) and analyzed biochemical parameter. The following information was obtained by interviews : sociodemographic charateristics, the intake of food containing vitamin D, proxy measure of sunlight exposure(time spent outdoors), and reprocuctive histpry of the subjects. The study group had significantly lower levels of serum calcium, increased levels of iPTH and alkaline phosphatase, Among the dietary determents, energy, protein, fat, calcium, phophorus, and vitamin D intakes were lower in the study group than the normal group. The time spent outdoors in a day was not significantly different between the two groups. However, during the day, a specific time of time spent out doors between 12:00 and 14:00 was significantly lower in the study group. Logistic analysis revealed that vitamin D and calcium intake were more important affecting factors than the time spent outdoors in post menopausal women.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.187-193
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• 2004

This study aimed to determine the association of maternal oxidative stress and adverse pregnancy outcome with serum vitamin C concentration and a myeloperoxidase (MPO) genetic polymorphism during pregnancy. We investigated 450 pregnant women who visited Ewha Womans University Hospital for prenatal care during gestational weeks 24～28. During the second trimester, we measured serum vitamin C levels and urinary 8-hydroxyde-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and malondialdehyde (MDA) as an oxidative stress biomarker. We determined the presence of a maternal MPO polymorphism (G-to-A substitution at nucleotide 463) using a PCR-RFLP assay. We compared the level of oxidative stress and birth weight with the vitamin C concentration and the presence of the MPO polymorphism. The mean level of maternal oxidative stress tended to be higher and the birth weight lower for MPO type A/A than for types A/G and G/G. Vitamin C levels above the 75 percentiles were associated with reduced concentrations of urinary MDA and 8-OHdG but increased birth weight. Our data demonstrate that oxidative stress and neonatal birth weight are associated with the MPO genetic polymorphism, with the association modified by the maternal vita-min C levels.

• Journal of The Korean Ophthalmological Society
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• 제59권11호
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• pp.1024-1029
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• 2018

Purpose: We examined aqueous humor levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (vitamin D) in patients with age-related macular degeneration to investigate possible relationships between aqueous humor vitamin D levels and clinical manifestations. Methods: Patients > 50 years of age, 52 eyes of 34 patients with age-related macular degeneration, and 23 eyes of 17 patients treated with cataract surgery without retinal disease, were examined for aqueous humor vitamin D levels and compared. The experimental group was divided into two groups according to the median value of aqueous humor vitamin D levels. We compared the clinical manifestations of macular degeneration in both groups and identified relationships between aqueous humor vitamin D levels and clinical features. Results: Vitamin D levels in the aqueous humor were significantly lower in the experimental group than in the control group (experimental, $10.03{\pm}10.1ng/mL$ vs. control group, $40.8{\pm}16.4ng/mL$; p < 0.001). Patients with high vitamin D levels in the macular degeneration group had a higher percentage of fibrovascular pigment epithelial detachments than those in the low grade group (high grade group, 65% vs. low grade group, 27%; p = 0.003). Multiple linear regression analysis showed a significant correlation between vitamin D levels and the total number of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor intravitreal injections within 6 months (standardize coefficient, ${\beta}=-0.336$). Conclusions: Patients with wet age-related macular degeneration had significantly lower vitamin D levels in the aqueous humor compared to control group subjects of similar ages. However, in patients with macular degeneration, low vitamin D levels were associated with a greater number of intravitreal injections, while higher levels of vitamin D may lead to more advanced forms of fibrovascular retinal pigment epithelium and related low vision. These relationships were not always constant, so further studies on the relationships between local vitamin D levels and ocular disorders are needed.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제31권8호
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• pp.1254-1262
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• 1998

This study has done to investigate the relationship between the icreased lipid oncentration caused by smoking and plama levels of vitamin A and vitamin E, antiodative enzyme activity, and lipid peroxidation , in 52 male smokers and 32 non-smokers, Dietary vitamin A and vitamin E intake was imilar in both smokers and non-smokers. Absolute plasma concentrations of vitamin A and vitamin E were not significantly different between two groups, whereas vitamin E/cholesterol ration in plasma was low or in smokers than in that of non-smokers(p<0.05). It was considered that this lowered effect was due to the elevated plasma lipid concentration rather than oxidant stress derived from smoking, in view of the fact that smokers had higher cholesterol (15.2%) adn LDL-C(26.6%) levels than non-smokers. In non-smokers, plasma thiobarbiturin acid reactive substances(TBARS) conrrelated positively with total cholesterol(r=0.63466, p<0.001), LDL-C level(r=0.57166, p<0.01) , and LDL-C/HDL-C ratio(r=0.45926, p<0.05) . Activities of glutathione perosidase(GSH-Px) , superoside dismutase(SOD), and catalse made no difference in both groups. However, it was observed in non-smokers that GSH-Px activity had negative correlations with total cholesterol(r=-0.67293, p<0.001), LDL-C level(r=-0.62878, p<0.001), and LDL-C/HDL-C ratio (r=-0.58824, p<0.01), indicating that there was a dependent relationship between lipid perosidation and plasma lipid level. The smokers also showed negative correlations for GSH-Px activity with total cholesterol (r=-0.29946, p<0.05) and LDL-c level (r=0.45914, p<0.001), and LDL-C/HDL-c ratio(r=-0.35438, p<0.05). It seemed that the lipid that the lipid level elevated by sustaines smoking resulted in reducing vitamin E/cholesterol ratio and proportion of antioxidant to oxidant load, and then GSH-Px activity, with insufficient removal of free radicals(TBARS 2.43$\pm$0.51 and 1.81$\pm$0.15nmol/ml in smokers and non-smokers, respectively). These findings suggest that higher plasma lipid levels may play a more important role in perturbing the antioxidant defense system including vitamin E status and GSH-Px activity, at least in circumstances that increase lipid concentration . In addition, in exposure to free radicals like those in cigarette smoke. In those cases the ratio of vitamin E/lipid in plasma can be a more indicator of vitamin E status than plasma levels of vitamin E alone.

• Nutritional Sciences
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.22-28
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• 1998

Plasma concentrations of Vitamins E and A were measured in 15 non-insulin dependent Korean female subjects and 15 age-matched normal subjects using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. No differences were found in plasma Vitamin E concentrations between the 2 groups. Plasma Vitamin A concentrations were higher in subjects with non-insulin dependent diabetes melitus (NIDDM). The effects were evaluated of 4 weeks of daily supplementation of 400 mg Vitamin E on plasma levels of these two vitamins. In addition, the effects were observed for Vitamin E supplementation on oxidative stress and immune-related compound productions in non-insulin dependent diabetic patients and control subjects. After treatment with Vitamin E, plasma Vitamin E concentrations were significantly elevated in both groups. Basal plasma thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBABS) were identical, and a decreased level of TBARS caused by Vitamin E was observed only in the diabetic group (0.02739$\pm$0.0024 versus 0.01814$\pm$0.0008 nmols malondialdehyde equivalents/dl plasma ; p<0.05). The basal and after-treatment levels of immunoglobulins A, G, M were identical in control and diabetic groups, indicating that Vitamin E did not appear to alter gross humoral responses in this study. However, elevation of Complement 3 ($C_3$) was noticed due to Vitamin E supplementation, revealing a possible effect of vitamin E on one aspect of humoral immunity, Furthermore, an increase in prostaglandin E_2 ($PGE_2$) levels in diabetic patients was normalized by Vitamin E supplementation. This suggests indirectly that the depressed cell-mediated response due to elevated $PGE_2$ could be normalized. For the definitive antioxidant intake recommendations for prevention and treatment of adverse effects of non-insulin dependent diabetes, evidence from intervention trials like this study should be collected. The present data suggests that Vitamin E may oxen some protective effects against oxidative damage and might have beneficial effects of partial immune-stimulation.