• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.110-115
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• 1983

1. DPPH에 대한 전자공여능은 vitamin A와 D가 인삼사포닌 단독보다 높아 지용성 비타민 첨가에 의한 상승효과가 인정되었다. 2. 과산화지질 생성초기의 유도기간은 vitamin A, D를 첨가했을 때 대조군이나 인삼 사포닌보다 효과적으로 유도기간을 연장시킴을 알 수 있었다. 3. in vitro에서 과산화지질 생성억제작용을 TBA value로 조사한 결과 vitamin E>A>D의 순으로 지용성 비타민의 첨가효과가 인정되었다. 4. in vivo실험에서 인삼 사포닌 및 지용성 비타민 첨가 투여에 의한 rat의 체중 및 간장, 신장의 장기중량 변화는 지용성 비타민의 첨가가 체중증가에 효과적임을 알 수 있었고, 간장은 비타민 첨가군에서 다소 중량증가가 인정되었으나 신장의 중량변화에는 큰 유의성을 발견 할 수 없었다. 5. in vivo실험에서 인삼 사포닌 및 지용성 비타민 첨가 투여에 의한 rat의 혈액에서의 과산화지질 생성억제작용은 vitamin E>D>A의 순으로 나타났고, 간장에서는 vitamin A와 E첨가군에서 효과적임이 인정되었다.

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.18-30
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• 2018

본 연구는 농촌 지역에 거주하며 당뇨병이 없는 건강한 성인을 대상으로 혈청 비타민 D와 인슐린 저항성 및 췌장의 베타세포 기능과의 관련성을 확인하기 위하여 시행되었다. 연구대상은 전라남도 해남군에 소재한 종합병원 건강검진실에서 건강검진을 받은 당뇨병이 없는 20세 이상 성인 374명이었고, 분산분석과 공분산분석을 이용하여 혈청 비타민 D 수준에 따라 HOMA-IR과 $HOMA-{\beta}$을 비교하였다. 분석결과, 연구대상 중 비타민 D 결핍군, 불충분군, 충분군은 각각 38.5%, 48.1%, 13.4%이었다. 비타민 D 수준에 따른 HOMA-IR 평균은 충분군 $1.92{\pm}1.08$, 불충분군 $1.99{\pm}1.04$, 결핍군 $2.91{\pm}1.05$로 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있었으며, 다른 관련변수를 통제한 상태에서 비교한 공분산 분석 결과에서도 비타민 D 수준에 따른 HOMA-IR은 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있었다. 비타민 D 수준에 따른 $HOMA-{\beta}$ 평균은 충분군 $84.69{\pm}1.07$, 불충분군 $78.41{\pm}1.04$, 결핍군 $80.48{\pm}1.04$ 이었고, 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 없었다. 결론적으로 우리나라 농촌지역 성인의 혈청 비타민 D 수준은 부족한 경우가 매우 높았고, 비타민 D 수준에 따른 인슐린 저항성은 관련이 있음을 알 수 있었다. 인슐린 저항성 및 당뇨병 예방을 위해서 비타민 D의 충분한 형성을 위한 보충제, 햇볕 노출과 영양 섭취 등에 대한 충분한 정보 및 교육이 필요할 것으로 생각된다.

• 치위생과학회지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.393-402
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• 2013

본 연구는 국민건강영양조사 제5기 1차년도(2010) 원시 자료를 활용하여 비타민 D와 치주질환의 관계를 파악하고자 하였다. 주요변수의 결측 및 당뇨와 골다공증 유병자를 제외하고 최종 1,327명을 연구대상자로 PASW Statistics 18.0 프로그램을 이용하여 분석하였으며, 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 전체(50세 이상) 대상자에서, 비타민 D와 치주질환의 관계는 유의하지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 2. 폐경(양측난소절제술 포함) 여성에서, 비타민 D 결핍 그룹1 (<10)은 충분 그룹(${\geq}30$)에 비해서 치주질환에 걸릴 가능성이 6.66배 높게 나타났다(OR, 6.66; 95% CI, 1.004~44.19). 이상의 결과로 보아 비타민 D와 치주질환은 폐경여성(양측난소절제술 받은 여성 포함)에서 유의미한 음의 상관관계를 갖는 것으로 확인된 바, 치주질환 예방 및 관리 시 이러한 점이 고려되어야 할 것으로 생각된다.

• 환경위생공학
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.33-38
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• 2005

Chitosan is a dietary fiber because of a linear polysaccharide composed of $\beta-(1{\rightarrow}4)$-linked 2-amino-2-deoxy-D-glucopyranose. In this study, control release system of vitamin C has been estimated in chitosan molecular network as a vitamin C carrier of controlled release. The amount of released vitamin C were decreased in higher amount of chitosan concentration. Especially, vitamin C were slowly released from chitosan solution in dialysis membrane when compared with vitamin C solution alone in dialysis membrane. These result assumed that chitosan driving force is dependent on chitosan molecular weight and cationic property of amino group with anionic property of vitamin C.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.167-172
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• 2004

피부 활성 물질로 넓이 알려져 있는 vitamin C (L-Ascorbic acid)는 콜라겐 생합성 촉진과 강한 항산화 작용으로 피부 항노화 및 주름 개선 효과 있을 뿐만 아니라 멜라닌 세포 활성 억제, 자외선 차단, 상처치유 등의 효능을 갖고 있다. 그러나 물성 면에서 피부 자극과 수분 및 공기, 빛에 불안정하여 쉽게 산화된다는 단점을 갖고 있다 이러한 문제점을 해결하기 위해 많은 연구가 진행되어 왔고, 그 결과 다양한 vitamin C 유도체가 개발되었다. 그러나 아직까지도 vitamin C의 불안정한 물성을 해결하면서 그 자체의 효능을 피부에 적용시키기에는 미흡한 점이 많다는 평을 받고 있다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 vitamin C의 불안정한 물성을 개선시키고 그 효능을 피부에 적용시킬 수 있는 vitamin C 유도체를 개발하기 위해, 피부 친화성이 우수한 스핑고지질류 중 하나인 phytosphingosine을 이용하여 산염기 반응에 의한 vitamin C의 OH기와 phytosphingosine의 -NH$_2$이온 결합시킨 새로운 vitamin C 유도체인 phytosphingosine ascorbate (SP-VC)를 합성하였다. 이렇게 합성된 phytosphingosine ascorbate (SP-VE)는 원소 분석(C58.3 : H9.3 : N2.8 : 029.5) 및 mass spectrosocopy (Maldi TOF-MS), UV/vis spectra (268.5nm), $^1$H NMR, FT-IR, 열분석 (m.p=154$^{\circ}C$), HPLC 등을 통하여 구조 및 물성을 확인하였다 또한 효능면에서는 우선적으로 phytosphingosine ascorbate(SP-VC)의 항균 및 항산화 효과를 확인하였다. 이러한 결과를 토대로 vitamin C와 phytosphingosine의 효능을 동시에 갖으며 불안정한 물성과 자극을 개선시킬 것이라 예상되는 새로운 소재를 합성하였다.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제12권5호
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• pp.387-395
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• 2018

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE: Recent studies showed vitamin D deficiency is linked to chronic diseases in addition to skeletal metabolism which could threaten the elderly. We analyzed health conditions and socio-demographic factors associated with vitamin D deficiency in community dwelling people aged 65 years and older. SUBJECTS/METHOD: Data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) 2010 to 2012 were obtained. A total of 2,687 subjects aged 65 years and older were participated. The cutoff value of the Vitamin D deficiency was considered as serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] ${\leq}20ng/mL$ (50 nmol/L). RESULTS: The overall prevalence rate of vitamin D deficiency in the elderly was 62.1%. The factors such as female, obesity, metabolic syndrome, current smoker, and skipping breakfast were positively associated with vitamin D deficiency, but high intensity of physical activity and more than 9 hours of sleep duration were negatively associated with vitamin D deficiency (all P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: It is important that health professions know that the factors proved in this study are connected to vitamin D deficiency thus provide information and intervention strategies of vitamin D deficiency to old aged people.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제77권2호
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• pp.73-80
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• 2014

Background: Low levels of serum vitamin D is associated with several lung diseases. The production and activation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) may play an important role in the pathogenesis of emphysema. The aim of the current study therefore is to investigate if vitamin D modulates the expression and activation of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in human lung fibroblasts (HFL-1) cells. Methods: HFL-1 cells were cast into three-dimensional collagen gels and stimulated with or without interleukin-$1{\beta}$ (IL-$1{\beta}$) in the presence or absence of 100 nM 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) or 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D ($1,25(OH)_2D$) for 48 hours. Trypsin was then added into the culture medium in order to activate MMPs. To investigate the activity of MMP-2 and MMP-9, gelatin zymography was performed. The expression of the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP-1, TIMP-2) was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Expression of MMP-9 mRNA and TIMP-1, TIMP-2 mRNA was quantified by real time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Results: IL-$1{\beta}$ significantly stimulated MMP-9 production and mRNA expression. Trypsin converted latent MMP-2 and MMP-9 into their active forms of MMP-2 (66 kDa) and MMP-9 (82 kDa) within 24 hours. This conversion was significantly inhibited by 25(OH)D (100 nM) and $1,25(OH)_2D$ (100 nM). The expression of MMP-9 mRNA was also significantly inhibited by 25(OH)D and $1,25(OH)_2D$. Conclusion: Vitamin D, 25(OH)D, and $1,25(OH)_2D$ play a role in regulating human lung fibroblast functions in wound repair and tissue remodeling through not only inhibiting IL-$1{\beta}$ stimulated MMP-9 production and conversion to its active form but also inhibiting IL-$1{\beta}$ inhibition on TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 production.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.408-413
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• 2006

We assessed the ability of a Pseudonocardia sp. from soil samples to bioconvert vitamin $D_3$. The optimal culture conditions for the bioconversion of vitamin $D_3$ to active $1{\alpha}$,25-dihydroxyvitamin $D_3$ were investigated by varying the carbon and nitrogen sources, the metal salt concentrations, the initial pH, and the temperature. Microbial transformations were carried out with the addition of vitamin $D_3$ dissolved in ethanol. They were sampled by extraction with methanol-dichloromethane and the samples were examined by HPLC. Optimum culture conditions were found to be 0.4% yeast extract, 1% glucose, 3% starch, 1% fish meal, 0.2% NaCl, 0.01% $K_2HPO_4$, 0.2% $CaCO_3$, 0.01% NaF, and pH 7.0 at $28^{\circ}C$. The optimal timing of the addition of vitamin $D_3$ for the production of calcitriol by Pseudonocardia autotrophica ID9302 was concurrent with the inoculation of seed culture broth. Maximum calcitriol productivity and the yield of bioconversion reached a value of 10.4mg/L and 10.4% respectively on the 7th day in a 75L fementer jar under the above conditions.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.111-115
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• 2019

Vitamin D dependent rickets type 1A (VDDR1A) is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in CYP27B1. Clinical findings are growth retardation, hypotonia, muscle weakness, hypocalcemic seizures, and radiological features of rickets. We aimed to present the VDDR1A case with a genetic study of CYP27B1. The 14-month-old boy was admitted to the hospital due to a seizure. Serum calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, parathyroid hormone (PTH), 25(OH) vitamin D, and 1,25(OH)2 vitamin D values were 5.1 mg/dL, 3.7 mg/dL, 705 IU/L, 429 pg/mL, 24.9 ng/mL, and 8.8 pg/mL, respectively. Radiological study showed cupping and fraying of the distal ulna and radius. The molecular genetic study revealed that the patient had a compound heterozygous mutation, $Phe443Profs^*24$ and c.589+1G>A, in CYP27B1. Genetic analysis of the family members presented that the mother was heterozygous for the mutation c.589+1G>A, and that the father was heterozygous for $Phe443Profs^*24$. The patient was treated with calcium lactate and calcitriol. Until now, six Korean patients with VDDR1A have been studied. Including this case, Korean patients with VDDR1A were found to have only three different mutations in 14 alleles, indicating that the mutation in the CYP27B1 gene is homogeneous in the Korean population.

• 대기
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.123-130
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• 2011

In this study, we have analyzed the radiative characteristics of erythemal ultraviolet-B (EUV-B from 1999 to 2005) over the Korean Peninsula. EUV-B measured at Gangneung, Anmyondo, Mokpo, and Gosan represents the measurements from clean areas and that at Seoul represents from a polluted area. The magnitudes of EUV-B increase in proportion to the latitudinal decrease. Monthly mean variation of EUV-B at noon shows the maximum value of $158.5mWm^{-2}$ in August and the minimum value of $36.4mWm^{-2}$ in December in the clean areas. Seasonal mean diurnal variation of EUV-B shows a peak around noon (12:00 ~ 13:00 hr) and its intensity varies along with a season in order of summer > spring > fall > winter. The maximum value of $56.4mWm^{-2}$ in summer is three times higher than that in winter ($14.3mWm^{-2}$). The value of EUV-B in the polluted area is lower than that in the clean areas, resulting from the effects of the blocking, reflection, and scattering of EUV-B due to high concentrations of PM10. UV-B is an essential element to synthesize vitamin D in human body. 200 IU(International Unite) of vitamin D can be formed by an exposure of 6-10% of body surface area to 0.5 MED(Minimal Erythemal Dose). In order to form vitamin D, the calculated exposure times to EUV-B are 15 min. in spring, 12 min. in summer, 18 min. in fall, and 37 min. in winter for the clean areas and 16, 16, 24, and 37 min. for the polluted area.