• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.277-286
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• 2014

Purpose: The aim of this study was to examine the characteristics of nutrition-related knowledge, dietary habits, and nutrient intakes of alcoholic patients and how nutrition education affects these nutritional behaviors. Methods: Subjects included 37 adult male alcoholic patients who were hospitalized. The nutrition education program consisted of five lessons over a five-week period. An each 80-minute nutrition education program per week was implemented for the alcoholic patients over a five-week period. Both before and after the implementation of nutrition education, their nutrition-related knowledge and dietary habits were assessed and nutrient intakes were investigated. Results: The subjects showed drinking habits of considerably high frequency, a large quantity of alcohol consumption, and preference for soju (a liquor) over beer. They had proper weight, height, and BMI, and came from relatively poor socioeconomic backgrounds with a low-level of self-rated health status and a comparatively high rate of suffering from disease. Mean score of their nutrition-related knowledge and dietary habits was quite low. They consumed less energy, dietary fiber, vitamin C, thiamin, riboflavin, folic acid, Ca, and K, but more Na compared to each Dietary Reference Intake (DRI). After implementing the nutrition education, mean score of nutrition-related knowledge and dietary habits showed significant improvement. In addition, the meeting rate of each DRI of several nutrients was increased significantly, including energy, carbohydrate, dietary fiber, vitamins A, C, and $B_6$, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, pyridoxine, folic acid, Ca, P, K, Fe, and Zn, while that of Na decreased. Conclusion: The findings of this study indicate that alcoholic patients had various nutritional problems, such as lack of nutrition-related knowledge, bad dietary habits, and insufficient nutrient intakes, however, these problems can be positively modified by implementation of a relatively short-term nutrition education program.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.473-478
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• 2011

The study evaluated the antioxidant effects of ascorbic acid (AA) against oxidative stress during laparotomy in dogs under general anesthesia using isoflurane. Twelve dogs were randomly assigned to either the ascorbic acid group (AAG) or the sham group (SG). AAG received intravenous dosage of 100 mg/animal of standard AA 10 minutes before anesthesia. Plasma levels of cortisol, glucose, total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant status (TAS), and oxidative stress index (OSI) were measured. Cortisol level increased significantly with time in both groups (p < 0.05). The change of glucose levels was not significantly different between both groups. TOS and OSI increased significantly with time in the SG (p < 0.05), whereas it did not significantly change with time in the AAG. The TOS and OSI of the AAG were significantly lower than in the SG (p < 0.05). However, TAS did not significantly change between both groups. The results suggest that the decrease of TOS in the AAG might be related to the conversion of antioxidants to oxidants. The decrease of OSI indicates that the decrease of reactive oxygen species (i.e., oxidative stress) produced at the site of injury is able to decrease surgical side effects of abnormal blood circulation, organ failure, and inflammation. Therefore, AA can be used to protect a surgical patient from oxidative stress in canine laparotomy.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.272-279
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• 2018

The high pressure processing (HPP) is a technology which can preserve the quality of foods, such as the fresh taste, incense, texture, vitamin content, and so on, by minimizing the heating process. It does so by applying an instantaneous and uniform pressure that is the same as the water pressure that is 60 km deep in the sea. HPP is a technology that can inhibit food poisoning and spoilage caused by microorganisms and is currently an actively studied area. In this study, we investigated the effects of a high pressure treatment (0, 4, 6 min) on sliced ham, which is a typical meat product, at 600 MP a were tested for their effect on freshness. Moisture contents varied from 48 to 69%, salinity varied from 1.07 to 1.11%, and the pH decreased from 6.4~6.5 to 6.1~5.15. However, there was no difference between the control and treatment groups. General bacteria stored at $20^{\circ}C$ after hyper-pressure treatment were found to have no significant microorganisms in all groups until 4 weeks. but exceeded $10^5$ in control group and HPP 6 min treatment group from 5 weeks, At week 7, it was found to exceed $10^6$. The results indicate it was not possible to ingest food in the 4-and 6 minute treatment groups. Coliform was not observed in all groups despite observing for a total of 7 weeks at $20^{\circ}C$ weight test. VBN, a method used to determine the protein freshness of meat, showed a VBN value of less than 1 mg% until the fourth week and a value of 1 to 2 mg% after 5 weeks. The TBA was used as an index of the degree of fat acidosis in the meat tissues. The results showed it was below 0.18 mgMA / kg until the end of 7 weeks; this value was within the range for fresh meat, and there was no difference in treatment group. In this experiment, deformation of the packaging material did not occur and no swelling occurred due to the generation of gas. It is believed that the basic preservation effect was achieved only by blocking with the air due to the close contact of the packaging material.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.22 no.4 s.28
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• pp.555-577
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• 1989

This study was conducted to compare the delivery management including laboratory tests, medication and surgical procedures for the delivery in various medical facilities. Two university hospitals, two general hospitals, three hospitals, two private obstetric clinics, and two midwifery clinics in a large city were selected as they permitted the investigators to abstract the required data from the medical and accounting records. The total number of deliveries occurred at these 11 facilities between 15 January and 15 February, 1989 was 789 among which 606(76.8%) were vaginal deliveries and 183 (23.3%) were C-sections. For the normal vaginal deliveries, CBC, Hb/Hct level, blood typing, VDRL, hepatitis B antigen and antibody, and urinalysis were routinely done except the private clinics and midwifery clinics which did not test for hepatitis B and Hb/Hct level at all. In one university hospital ultrasonography was performed in 71.4% of the mothers and in one general hospital liver function test was done in 76.7% of the mothers. For the C-section, chest X-ray, bleeding/clotting time and liver function test were routinely done in addition to the routine tests for the normal vaginal deliveries. Episiotomy was performed in 97.2% of the vaginal deliveries. The type and duration of fluid infused and antibiotics administered showed a wide variation among the medical facilities. In one university hospital antibiotics was not administered after C-section at all while in the general hospitals and hospitals one or two antibiotics were administered for one week on the average. In one private clinic one pint of whole blood was transfused routinely. A wide variation was observed among the medical facilities in the use of vitamin, hemostatics, oxytocics, antipyreptics, analgesics, anti-inflammatory agents. sedatives. digestives. stool softeners. antihistamines. and diuretics. Mean hospital day for the normal vaginal deliveries of primipara was 2.6 days with little variation except one hospital with 3.5 days. Mean hospital day for the C-section of primipara was 7.5 days and that of multipara was 7.6 days and it ranged between 6.5 days and 9.4 days. Average hospital fee for a normal vaginal delivery without the medical insurance coverage was 182,100 Won for the primipara and 167,300 Won for the multipara. In case of the primipara covered by the medical insurance a mother paid 82,400 Won and a multiparous mother paid 75,600 Won. Average hospital fee for a C-section without the medical insurance was 946,500 Won for the primipara and 753,800 Won for the multipara. In case of the primipara covered by the medical insurance a mother paid 256,200 Won and a multiparous mother paid 253,700 Won. Average hospital fee for a normal vaginal delivery in the university hospitals showed a remarkable difference, 268,000 Won vs 350,000 Won, as well as for the C-section. A wide variation in the laboratory tests performed for a normal vaginal delivery and a C-section as well as in the medication and hospital days brought about a big difference in the hospital fee and some hospitals were practicing the case payment system. Thus, standardization of the medical care to a certain level is warranted for the provision of adequate medical care for delivery.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.50 no.5
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• pp.504-518
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• 2017

Purpose: The objective of this study was to develop a processed foods database (DB) for estimation of processed food intake in the Korean population using data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Survey (KNHANES). Methods: Analytical values of processed foods were collected from food composition tables of national institutions (Development Institute, Rural Development Administration), the US Department of Agriculture, and previously reported scientific journals. Missing or unavailable values were substituted, calculated, or imputed. The nutrient data covered 14 nutrients, including energy, protein, carbohydrates, fat, calcium, phosphorus, iron, sodium, potassium, vitamin A, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, and vitamin C. The processed food DB covered a total of 4,858 food items used in the KNHANES. Each analytical value per food item was selected systematically based on the priority criteria of data sources. Results: Level 0 DB was developed based on a list of 8,785 registered processed foods with recipes of ready-to-eat processed foods, one food composition table published by the national institution, and nutrition facts obtained directly from manufacturers or indirectly via web search. Level 1 DB included information of 14 nutrients, and missing or unavailable values were substituted, calculated, or imputed at level 2. Level 3 DB evaluated the newly constructed nutrient DB for processed foods using the 2013 KNHANES. Mean intakes of total food and processed food were 1,551.4 g (males 1,761.8 g, females 1,340.8 g) and 129.4 g (males 169.9 g, females 88.8 g), respectively. Processed foods contributed to nutrient intakes from 5.0% (fiber) to 12.3% (protein) in the Korean population. Conclusion: The newly developed nutrient DB for processed foods contributes to accurate estimation of nutrient intakes in the Korean population. Consistent and regular update and quality control of the DB is needed to obtain accurate estimation of usual intakes using data from the KNHANES.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.53-63
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• 1974

For the elucidation of the nutritional status of residences of apartments located in various areas in Seoul city, the food and nutrition survey was undertaken by the graduate students from Department of Food & Nutrition, Ewha Womans University in 1973. The socioeconomic stratification was mainly considered for the selection of sample apartments included in this study. Hangang Mansion, KIST, Munwhachon & Bukahyun apts were selected in this respect. A. Common living circumstances. Through the questionaries, author concluded nutritional concept on everyday food life as follows; 1. Higher income seems less effective in everyday food life on the nutritional view point than higher education does. 2. It needs to be urgently improved to be accustomed to use exact measuring concept of foods when they cook. 3. It needs to be improved to serve meals for individual portion at meal table, because the portion control at meal table will effect to national food policy. B. Nutrition Survey. Average daily calroie intake was the highest in Hangang Mansion and lowest in Bukahyun apt., in accordance with their economic living standard, but most of their calorie intakes were lower than the R.D.A. (3000ca1 for male, 2200 Cal for female). But the composition ratio of the total calorie intake was near to the ideal, carbohydrate 60%, protein 15%, fat 25%. Although there were differences in their economic living situations in urban area, most people ingested relatively good quality and large amounts of protein and fat. Vitamin A and Niacine intake exceeded the R.D.A., but the intake of Ca, Thiamine, Riboflavin, Ascorbic Acid were far less than that of R.D.A. C. food Intake. Amounts of total daily food intake were highest in Bukahyun apt. and lowest in Hangang Mansion. These showed adverse aspects to the total calorie intakes and their income levels. The ratio of cereals, $40%{\sim}50%$ of the total food intake, was higher than any other kinds of foods in all apartments. Among the other foods except cereals, there represented the highest level of meats in Hangang Mansion and KIST apt., while intake of Kimchies were highest in Munwhachon and Bukahyun apt. In the case of vegetables and fruits intake, the ratio of them in Hangang Mansion and KIST apt. were high, on the other hand the ratio of starchy roots appeared lowest in Hangang Mansion. For the main sources of protein, meats were ingested in Hangang Mansion and KIST apt., meats and fishery were used in Munwhachon apt., and beans were eaten highly in their meals in Bukahyun apt. These food contents and distributions showed the significant differences not only their economic classes but also regional characteristics.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.652-660
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• 2002

To develop natural food preservatives for extending the shelf-life of jeotkal (salted and fermented seafood), antimicrobial substances were extracted from 32 types of medicinal herbs and edible plants using 95% ethanol. Among the extracts, Glycyrrhizae radix, Curcumae domestica, Galla rhois, and Resina pini showed relatively high inhibitory effects on the growth of the microorganisms isolated from the deteriorated jeotkal. We selected and tested the extract from Recina pini as a natural jeotkal preservative. This ethanol extract was purified partially by adding equal quantity of water, through which 77% of insoluble materials were removed as impurities. In manufacturing modified jeotkal using squid, sucrose and starch syrup were substituted with sorbitol, $glucono-{\delta}-lactone$ was added instead of vitamin C and lactic acid, and sterilized hot pepper was used instead of natural one. The shelf-life of modified jeotkal was prolonged by 4 days compared with the control jeotkal when stored at $20^{\circ}C$, while that of modified jeotkal containing 1.0% partially purified Recina pini extract was prolonged by 6 days compared to the control. The same tests were conducted for the changran (stomach and intestine of Alaska pollack) jeotkal preservation. The shelf-life of the control jeotkal was 24 days, whereas the modified jeotkal and the Resina pini extract-containing modified jeotkal maintained their qualities without changes in microbial and chemical characteristics for 90 days at $20^{\circ}C$ storage.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.297-316
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• 2014

Objectives: This study was performed to investigate the body image, food habits, nutrition knowledge, food intake frequency, nutrient intakes of female university students in Masan. Methods: Two groups (n = 302, nutrition major: 147, non-major: 155) were classified into underweight, normal weight and overweight/obesity groups according to BMI respectively. Results: Height and weight of all subjects were 161.5 cm, 53.2 kg and were 161.5 cm, 55.1 kg, 161.5 cm, 51.3 kg in major and non-major female students, respectively. The BMI and body weight were significantly different (p < 0.001). Significantly higher proportions of underweight students in both study groups had perceived as 'normal' or 'fat' (p < 0.001). Higher proportion of the subjects skipped breakfast and main reason was no time to eat. Nutrition knowledge score was significantly higher in major than in non-major subjects (p < 0.001). Fish intake frequency score was significantly higher in non-majors, while the vegetable intake frequency score was significantly higher in majors. Nutrient intakes were significantly higher the majors compared to non-majors, particularly the intake of calcium (p < 0.05), zinc (p < 0.001), vitamin C (p < 0.001) and vitamin E (p < 0.01). Subjects in both groups did not have adequate nutrient intakes compared to KDRIs. BMI showed a positive correlation with body image, body weight and nutrition knowledge score (p < 0.01). Conclusions: These results suggest that systematic nutrition education program which can be applied in real life is important for the formation of correct choices of food and good eating habits.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.80-88
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• 2013

Carrot (Daucus carota L. var. sativa) is one of the most extensively used vegetable crops in the world and a significant source of nutrient because of its high content of ${\beta}$-carotene, well known as the precursor of vitamin A carotenoid. However, seed-hairs generated and elongated from the epidermal cell of seeds inhibit absorption and germination by various factors such as carotol and so on. Accordingly, mechanical hair removal process is essential before commercialization of carrot seeds. Because of this process, producers will have additional losses such as time consuming, manpower, capital and so on. Furthermore, physical damage of seeds causes irregular germination rate. To overcome such cumbersome weaknesses, new breeding program for developing hairless-seed carrot cultivar has been needed and studies for molecular markers related to seed-hair characteristic is needed for a new breeding program. Therefore, in this study, cDNA libraries from seeds of short-hair seed phenotype CT-SMR 616 OP 659-1 line, hairy-seed phenotype CT-SMR 616 OP 677-14 line and short-hair seed phenotype CT-ATR 615 OP 666-13 line, hairy-seed phenotype CT-ATR 615 OP 671-9 were constructed, respectively. Furthermore, 1,248 ESTs in each line, total 4,992 ESTs were sequenced. As a result, 19 SNP sites and 14 SNP sites in each of 2 combinations were confirmed by analyzing these EST sequences from short-hair and hairy-seed lines. Then we designed SNP primer sets from EST sequences of SNP sites for high resolution melting (HRM) analysis. Designed HRM primers were analyzed using hairy seed phenotype CT-SMR 616 OP 1040 line and short-hair seed phenotype CT-SMR 616 OP 1024, 1025, 1026 lines. One set of HRM primers showed specific difference between the melting curves of hairy and short-hair seed phenotype lines. Based on this result, allele-specific (AS) PCR primers were designed for easier selection between hairy-seed carrot and hairless seed carrot. These results of HRM and AS-PCR are expected to be useful in breeding of hairless seed carrot cultivar as a molecular marker.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.27 no.7
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• pp.796-804
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• 2017

This study was carried out to evaluate the antioxidant effect of methanolic extract of Houttuynia cordata (HCME) and to identify a compound having antioxidant effect. The ethyl acetate fraction of HCME showed the highest antioxidant effect in organic solvent fractions. The fraction was then separated into 12 fractions by open column chromatography. Among these fractions, the fraction 10 (Fr. 10) with the highest antioxidant activity was isolated, and its antioxidant effect was evaluated by DPPH radical scavenging activity, reducing power, TBARS, cell viability, DNA oxidation and DCF fluorescence. The Fr. 10 at a $64{\mu}g/ml$ showed 60% of inhibitory effect similar to that of vitamin C at $10{\mu}g/ml$, compared with blank group. The Fr. 10 at $64{\mu}g/ml$ showed 264% of reducing power, compared with blank group. TBARS assay showed that the Fr. 10 at $64{\mu}g/ml$ had 35.5% of inhibitory effect similar to that of vitamin E at $1,000{\mu}g/ml$, compared with blank group. The Fr. 10 above $32{\mu}g/ml$ displayed cytotoxicity. However, it was observed that the Fr. 10, above $1{\mu}g/ml$ reduced DNA damage. DCF fluorescence assay showed that the Fr. 10 inhibited oxidative stress by $H_2O_2$ in a dose dependent manner. The compound of Fr. 10 was identified to be rutin whose molecular weight is 610 by the IR and LC-MS analyses. Therefore, these results suggest that the rutin of Fr. 10 could use as a natural antioxidant for development of cosmetics and functional foods.