• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
• /
• 2007.11a
• /
• pp.629-632
• /
• 2007

Communications Based Train Control(CBTC) is a continuous, automatic train control system utilizing high-resolution, train location determination independent of track circuits; continuous, high capacity, bi-directional train-to-wayside data communications; and trainborne and wayside processors capable of implementing vital functions. In this paper, we present a basic design of CBTC system based on ERTMS/ETCS specifications. The basic design is composed of system requirements analysis, system functional analysis, system architectural design, sub-system requirements analysis, sub-system functional analysis. Each deliverable has been produced according to a development process based on UML/SysML.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
• /
• v.8 no.3
• /
• pp.39-49
• /
• 2016

The present study examined the change of aerodynamic features after laryngomicrosurgery in patients with vocal polyps. Aerodynamic evaluation was performed in thirty-nine patients (15 males and 24 females) one week before surgery and four weeks after surgery. Evaluation protocols of vital capacity, maximum sustained phonation(MXPH), and voicing efficiency(VOFT) were used to collect 29 phonatory aerodynamic measures, requiring voice with a comfortable pitch and loudness. Statistically significant changes were found for phonation time and airflow values in the MXPH protocol, while changes were also found for airflow values, subglottal pressure values and acoustic resistance values in the VOFT protocol. Although phonation time was increased in both male and female patients, gender-dependent changes were found in airflow measurements. Men's phonation time increased with no difference in airflow rate, but women's phonation time increased with decreased airflow rate and lower subglottal pressure. The changes of aerodynamic features may be affected by women's self-perceived change for vocal attitude, which was reducing sense of vocal effort after surgery.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
• /
• v.21 no.2
• /
• pp.15-22
• /
• 2009

Purpose: This study examined the effect of aquatic exercise on the improvement in physical and pulmonary function after stroke. Methods: Fourteen candidates, who had experienced stroke, were enrolled in this study. The program was carried out three times weekly, 1 hour per session and for 10 consecutive weeks. At pre-treatment and post-treatment, the subjects were tested with a 10 m and 100 m timed gait test, a timed get up and go test, a functional reach test, the difference in thoracic girth at inspiration and expiration, and breaths per minute. The forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) were measured using a spirometer. Results: After ten weekends of an aquatic exercise program, the subjects showed a significant difference in all the test results except for the FEV1 (p<0.05). Conclusion: Intervention with this aquatic exercise program can improve the physical and pulmonary function in people who have had a stroke.

• International Journal of Contents
• /
• v.5 no.3
• /
• pp.71-78
• /
• 2009

Recently, interest has heightened over 'critical infrastructures' and their reliability in the face of potential terrorist attack. Assault on any of the critical infrastructures as transportation, power, water, telecommunications, and financial services, entails great consequences for their users as well as the other interdependent critical infrastructures. How to protect our vital critical infrastructures is the key question in this paper. The purpose of this article is to suggest the implications for crisis and emergency management to protect the critical infrastructures in our society. For achieving the purpose, we examined the concept of comprehensive security, national crisis, and critical infrastructure and, using the holistic approach, we examined the comprehensive emergency management for suggesting the implications for establishing the critical infrastructure protection system; building up the high reliability organization, organizing and partnering, assessing the risk, preparing first responders, working with private owners of critical infrastructures, working with communities, improving the administrative capacity.

• Speech Sciences
• /
• v.8 no.4
• /
• pp.131-138
• /
• 2001

Sound pressure level, subglottic air pressure, vital capacity, adduction/abduction rate, and phonatory efficiency were measured in 19 opera singers, 17 Korean traditional 'Pansori' singers, and 20 non-singers; subjects' mean age was 25.9(SD=7.2) and the singers had been singing professionally for 5-10 years. One-way ANOVA and Scheff$\w'{e}$ post-hoc analysis were used to analyze aerodynamic data and to identify significant differences among groups. Sound pressure level, peak subglottic air pressure, and phonatory efficiency were found to be significantly different among three groups of the subjects. Differences in aerodynamic properties were discussed for their significance in diagnosis and treatment of voice disorders in professional singers.

• Journal of Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers
• /
• v.18 no.2
• /
• pp.51-63
• /
• 1992

It is commonly accepted that the demand forecasting data play a vital role in deciding strategic variables such as the optimal market entry time, the price structure and the production capacity etc. In case of the new product, however, it is hard to apply the well known regression-type methodologies. In this study, we survey the characteristics of various types of new product demand forecasting(NPDF) methodologies which are useful in case the historical data are not available. Further, we explore the possibility of incorporating the NPDF methodologies and develope the unified infra-structure of the NPDF methodologies. Finally we propose an integrated prototype of the NPDF model.

• Molecules and Cells
• /
• v.43 no.9
• /
• pp.774-783
• /
• 2020

The lung has a vital function in gas exchange between the blood and the external atmosphere. It also has a critical role in the immune defense against external pathogens and environmental factors. While the lung is classified as a relatively quiescent organ with little homeostatic turnover, it shows robust regenerative capacity in response to injury, mediated by the resident stem/progenitor cells. During regeneration, regionally distinct epithelial cell populations with specific functions are generated from several different types of stem/progenitor cells localized within four histologically distinguished regions: trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli. WNT signaling is one of the key signaling pathways involved in regulating many types of stem/progenitor cells in various organs. In addition to its developmental role in the embryonic and fetal lung, WNT signaling is critical for lung homeostasis and regeneration. In this minireview, we summarize and discuss recent advances in the understanding of the role of WNT signaling in lung regeneration with an emphasis on stem/progenitor cells.

• Journal of International Academy of Physical Therapy Research
• /
• v.9 no.2
• /
• pp.1494-1497
• /
• 2018

This study aimed to determine the effect of McKenzie lumbar support on pulmonary function in Stroke patients. Twenty subjects (n=20) were divided into two groups: a McKenzie lumbar support group (MLS group=10), a control group (n=10). Pulmonary function was performed to assess its effectiveness. A spirometer was used to measure the forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), peak expiratory flow (PEF). The intervention was conducted for four weeks. In the MLS group, FEV1, FVC, and PEF were increased after McKenzie lumbar support. (p<0.05), while no significant differences in the variables were found in the control group (p>0.05). There were no significant differences in variables between the MLS group and the control group (p>0.05). Our findings suggest that applying Mckenzie lumbar support may be an alternative maneuver to improve pulmonary function in stroke patients.

• Archives of Orthopedic and Sports Physical Therapy
• /
• v.14 no.2
• /
• pp.9-15
• /
• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of the one-time aerobic exercise on pulmonary function, oxygen saturation, and smoking in male college students in their 20's. Methods: The experiment was performed on 11 healthy men who had no musculoskeletal or neurological diseases and who smoked. The subjects performed an aerobic exercise for 30 minutes, using a step box. Before and after the exercise, forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume for one second (FEV1), and oxygen saturation were measured. Results: Between the two measurements, there were no significant differences in oxygen saturation (p>.05). However, the differences in FVC and FEV1 were statistically significant (p<.05). Conclusions: The results of this study demonstrate that a one-time aerobic exercise improves pulmonary function.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
• /
• v.23 no.7
• /
• pp.141-148
• /
• 2023

During the medical data transmissions, the protection of the patient information is vital. Hence this work proposes a spatial domain watermarking algorithm that enhances the data payload (capacity) while maintaining the authentication and data hiding. The code is distributed at every pixel of the digital image and not only in the regions of non-interest pixels. But the image details are still preserved. The performance of the proposed algorithm is evaluated using several performance measures such as the mean square error (MSE), the mean absolute error (MAE), and the peak signal to noise Ratio (PSNR), the universal image quality index (UIQI) and the structural similarity index (SSIM).