• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.52 no.4
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• pp.356-363
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• 2015

Microbubbles moving in the turbulent boundary layer are visualized and investigated in the point of frictional drag reduction. The turbulent boundary layer is formed beneath the surface of the 2-D flat plate located in the tunnel test section. The microbubble generator produces mean bubble diameter of 30 – 50 μm. To capture the micro-bubbles passing through the tiny measurement area of 5.6 mm² to 200 mm², the shadowgraphy system is employed appropriately to illuminate bubbles. The velocity field of bubbles reveals that Reynolds stress is reduced in the boundary layer by microbubbles’ activity. To understand the contribution of microbubbles to the drag reduction rate more, much smaller field-of-view is required to visualize the bubble behaviors and to find the 2-D void fraction in the inner boundary layer.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.25-32
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• 2002

This paper aimed to identify the sensation and the sensibility of transformed colors from the rustling sound of silk fabrics and to visualize the relationship between sensibilities and fabrics by two-dimensional model. The rustling sounds of 7 silk fabrics were recorded and then the recorded sounds were transformed into colors by the program of sound to color transformation. The sensation and the sensibility of transformed colors were evaluated by 30 participants with Likert scale and the physical properties of each specimen were obtained with red portion (RP), green portion (GP), blue portion (BP), and sum of color count (CC) by means of new equation. The adjectives of sensibility were grouped into three groups: Elegant, Active, and Tough. Elegant was related with RP positively and CC negatively. On the other hand, Active was related with GP and CC positively. Also Tough was highly related with RP. Furthermore, the fabrics that were estimated the high purchase preference showed high CC, RP and GP. Also two dimensional model of relation of the sensation and the sensibility could help to understand those relation.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.437-443
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• 2010

In recent years, as nano scale structured thin film technology has emerged in various fields such as the materials, biomedical and acoustic sciences, the quantitative nondestructive adhesion evaluation of thin film interfaces using ultra high frequency scanning acoustic microscopy(SAM) has become an important issue in terms of the longevity and durability of thin film devices. In this study, an effective technique for investigating the interfaces of nano scale structured thin film systems is described, based on the focusing of ultrasonic waves, the generation of leaky surface acoustic waves(LSAWs), V(z) curve simulation and ultra high frequency acoustical imaging_ Computer simulations of the V(z) curve were performed to estimate the sensitivity of detection of micro flaws(i.e., delamination) in a thin film system. Finally, experiments were conducted to confirm that a SAM system operating at a frequency of 1 GHz can be useful to visualize the micro flaws in nano structured thin film systems.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.169-184
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• 2000

Industrial clusters and their boundaries are identified by factor and hot spot analyses for the greater Cincinnati metropolitan area in USA. While traditional input-output approach identified aspatial industrial clusters, this study combines traditional approach with GIS techniques to identify their boundaries. Combining the results of input-output industrial clusters with the leading industries groups, we have identified five leading industry clusters. They are food (20), chemicals (28), metal manufacturing (32), metal products (33), and machinery (35). We also used hot spot analysis to visualize each industry cluster on the research area by using Arcview software. Determining the degree to which such industries are associated spatially and their spatial delimitation may be an additional approach to measuring the efficiency of the spatial organization of an economy. It is hoped that the industrial clusters and industrial spatial clusters approaches may also proved the basis for the development of new models of the spatial arrangement of industry at a level more aggregated than that of the single plant or firm.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.181-188
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• 2016

Database construction of basic elements for displaying CCTV informations(the location, direction, distance, maximum distance, Tele mode angle view, Wide mode angle view, etc.) is conducted by complete survey about CCTV information in model area. Automatic mapping algorithm is suggested to schematize and visualize it on the basic of the investigated CCTV informations. In the result, the CCTV locations in partial areas are duplicated on about 11 percents. Duplicated ones among twelve CCTVs are total five. If the redesign of CCTV location and direction by displaying the CCTV informations based on the suggested algorithm is performed, it can be used as scientific explanations.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.1-10
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• 2002

A web based virtual try-on provides customers a more enjoyable shopping experience that visualize clothes on personal mannequin. The researchers compared virtual fitting models which were developed in 2000 at Korea and in 2000 and 2002 at U.S. The results of this study as follows: The information about user's body size was required to input for selection of a virtual fitting model. 7 to 19 different body size, shape, and face features including weight and height were needed for visualizing virtual fitting model. The body type of the U.S virtual fitting model(My virtual model) was selected by front view silhouette for women, and by shoulder width and midriff silhouette for men. The more detailed information was required for developing Korean virtual fitting model. The additional body size information required in the site were leg and arm lengths, waist length, and thigh and ankle circumferences. The body proportion of Korean cyber personal mannequin was longer and narrower than the U.S cyber personal mannequin. It was recommended that standardized body length, width, and depth proportions calculated from national anthropometric data must be applied for developing Korean virtual fitting model. With application of more detailed information on face feature and advanced graphic image technology the 'My virtual model in 2002 resembled the human body shape of various race.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.217-223
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• 1991

A capillary method was used to evaluate the properties of mass transfer process and diffusion coefficients in the gel food. Amaranth dye was selected as a diffusant material to visualize the degree of diffusion procedure easily. After contacting cylinder containing agar gel with amaramth dye solution for some hours, the gel was cut to five segments by 0.5 cm in length. The diffusant concentration from the segments were measured by the spectrophotometer at 523 nm. Prediction models for the diffused quantities in gel food were established by the regression program of SPSS package program. Generally, diffusion coefficient can be calculated by Fick's second law, however, it will be determined by using numerical analysis method more easily. Finally the diffusion coefficients in this research were calculated by arithmetic mean of the measured values. As raising gel agent concentration, the mean diffusion coefficient tended to decrease because the obstruction effect came to become significant.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.333-337
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• 2012

Background Patients who have undergone enucleation during infancy due to retinoblastoma can develop microorbitalism due to the decreased growth stimulation from the eyeball and the surrounding soft tissues. Anatomically, the orbit consist of parts of the frontal bone superiorly, the maxilla inferiorly, the ethmoid bone medially, and the zygoma laterally. Considering the possibility of surgically expanding the orbit using tripod osteotomy, in this study we conducted tripod osteotomy on adult patients with microorbitalism of retinoblastoma. Methods Tripod osteotomy was conducted to expand the orbital volume in adult patients with microorbitalism due to enucleation in infancy for retinoblastoma. The orbital volume was measured using the Aquarius Workstation ver. 4.3.6 and the orbit width was measured with preoperative and postoperative 3-dimensional facial bone computed tomography (CT) imaging. Preoperative and postoperative photographs were used to visualize the difference produced by the surgery. Results The orbital volume of the affected side was 10.3 $cm^3$ before and 12.5 $cm^3$ after the surgery, showing an average increase in volume of 2.2 $cm^3$ (21.4%). The increase in the obital width was confirmed by the preoperative and postoperative 3-dimensional facial CT images and aesthetic improvement was observed by the preoperative and postoperative photographs. Conclusions Tripod osteotomy, which realigns the orbital bone, zygoma, and maxilla, is used to correct posttraumatic malunion as well as non-traumatic congenital abnormalities such as that seen in facial cleft. We applied this procedure in microorbitalism secondary to enucleation for retinoblastoma to allow orbital expansion and correct asymmetry.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.253-262
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• 2001

Ligand-receptor clustering event is the most important step in leukocyte adhesion and spreading on endothelial cells. Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) has been shown to enhance leukocyte adhesion, but the molecular event during the process of adhesion is unclear. To visualize the dynamics of ICAM-1 movement during adhesion, we have engineered stable Chinese hamster ovary cell lines expressing ICAM-1 fused to a green fluorescent protein (IC1_GFP/CHO) and examined them under the fluorescence microscopy. The transfection of IC1_GFP alone in these cells was sufficient to support the adhesion of K562 cells that express $\alpha$L$\beta$2 (LFA-1) integrin stimulated by CBR LFA-1/2 mAb. This phenomenon was mediated by ICAM-1-LFA-1 interactions, as an mAb that specifically inhibits ICAM-1-LFA-1 interaction (RRl/l) completely abolished the adhesion of LFA-1＊ cells to IC1_ GFP/CHO cells. We found that the characteristic of adhesion was followed almost immediately (~10 min) by the rapid accumulation of ICAM-1 on CHO cells at a tight interface between the two cells. Interestingly, ICI_GFP/CHO cells projected plasma membrane and encircled approximately half surface of LFA-1+ cells, as defined by confocal microscopy. This unusual phenomenon was also confirmed on HUVEC after adhesion of LFA-1＊ cells. Neither cytochalasin D nor 2,3-butanedione 2-monoxime an inhibitor of myosin light chain kinase blocked LFA-1-mediated ICAM-1 clustering, indicating that actin cytoskeleton and myosin-dependent contractility are not necessary for ICAM-1 clustering. Taken together, we suggest that leukocyte adhesion to endothelial cells induces specialized form of ICAM-1 clustering that is distinct from immunological synapse mediated by T cell interaction with antigen presenting cells.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.13-19
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• 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine whether periodontal pocket could be satisfactorily visualized by optical coherence tomography (OCT) and to suggest quantitative methods for measuring periodontal pocket depth. Methods: We acquired OCT images of periodontal pockets in a porcine model and determined the actual axial resolution for measuring the exact periodontal pocket depth using a calibration method. Quantitative measurements of periodontal pockets were performed by real axial resolution and compared with the results from manual periodontal probing. Results: The average periodontal pocket depth measured by OCT was $3.10{\pm}0.15mm$, $4.11{\pm}0.17mm$, $5.09{\pm}0.17mm$, and $6.05{\pm}0.21mm$ for each periodontal pocket model, respectively. These values were similar to those obtained by manual periodontal probing. Conclusions: OCT was able to visualize periodontal pockets and show attachment loss. By calculating the calibration factor to determine the accurate axial resolution, quantitative standards for measuring periodontal pocket depth can be established regardless of the position of periodontal pocket in the OCT image.