• Journal of Korean Traditional Oncology
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.9-16
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• 2012

Objective : The aim of this study is to evaluate the synergistic effects of Traditional Korean Medicine with Gefitinib chemotherapy on a non small cell lung cancer. Methods : A 61 year-old male patient diagnosed with left non small cell lung cancer stage IIIb (T2aN0M1a) was admitted to East-West Cancer Center (EWCC) on Apr. 2012. He received Gefitinib chemotherapy since 20th June. 2011. He suffered from many complication like as skin toxicities, peripheral neuropathy, lassitude, diarrhea and so on. He was treated with Traditional Korean Medicine consisted of herbal medicine, acupuncture, and moxibustion. The symptoms were measured by Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE version 3.0) and visual analogue scale (VAS). Performance status was measured by Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG). Results : TKM consisting of acupuncture, moxibusion, herbal medicine significantly alleviated Gefitinib induced complication. Quality of life was also significantly improved. Conclusion : This case study suggests that TKM would beneficial to adverse effects such as skin toxicities, peripheral neuropathy, lassitude from gefitinib.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.59 no.6
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• pp.679-683
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• 2005

Cancer associated retinopathy (CAR) syndrome is a very rare ocular manifestation of paraneoplastic syndrome, and is characterized clinically by progressive visual impairment. Immune cross-reactivity between antigens in the cancerous tissue and antigens in the retina may play an important role in its pathogenesis, and most of cases are associated with lung carcinoma, particularly small cell lung cancer. The clinical triad of CAR is described as photosensitivity, ring scotomata, and an attenuated retinal arterial caliber. Here, we report a 61-year old male patient with CAR syndrome, who had small cell lung carcinoma in the stage of limited disease, with a brief review of the relevant literature.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.377-384
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• 2002

To investigate the expression patterns of proteins and growth factor signals in differentiated rabbit embryonic stem (ES) cells, ES cells with confluent stage grown of feeder layer and differentiated cells into embryoid bodies (EB) without feeder cell were applied to protein gel and Western blotting analysis. There were 66kDa and 28kDa specifically expressed in differentiated ES cell but not in undifferentiated ES cell while 25kDa protein band showed up in only undifferentiated ES cells. Also there were some difference of protein bands in several area of gel between differentiated and undifferentiated ES cells such as about 100 kDa, 50kDa and 27kDa areas, but there was no difference in band pattern of one-dimensional gel analysis between mouse ES cells and rabbit ES cells. IGF-I receptor and EGF receptor were expressed in differentiated cells and undifferentiated cells. And ICF-I and EGF were not expressed in both differentiated and undifferentiated cells. These results indicated that ES cells express their own proteins to inhibit differentiation while EB cells synthesize different proteins to differentiate, and 16F-I receptor and EGF receptor were expressed in both ES and EB cells probably for the different functions.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.265-272
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• 2006

Dental plaque, a biofilm consisting of more than 500 different bacterial species, is an etiological agent of human periodontal disease, It is therefore important to characterize interactions among periodontopathic microorganisms in order to understand the microbial pathogenesis of periodontal disease. Previous data have suggested a synergistic effect of tow major periodontal pathogens Porphyromonas gingivalis and Tannerella forsythia in the periodontal lesion. In the present study, to better understand interaction between P. gingivalis and T. forsythia, the coaggregation activity between these bacteria was characterized. The coaggregation activity was observed by a direct visual assay by mixing equal amount (1 ${\times}$ $10^9$)of T. forsythia and P. gingivaJis cells. It was found that the first aggregates began to appear after 5-10 min, and that the large aggregates completely settled within 1 h. Electron and epifluorescence microscopic studies confirmed cell-cell contact between two bacteria. The heat treatment of P. gingivalis completely blocked the activity, suggesting an involvement of a heat-labile component of P. gingivalis in the interaction. On the other hand, heat treatment of T. forsythia significantly increased the coaggregation activity; the aggregates began to appear immediately. The coaggregation activity was inhibited by addition of protease, however carbohydrates did not inhibit the activity, suggesting that coaggregation is a protein-protein interaction. The results of this study suggest that coaggregation between P. gingivalis and T. forsythia is a result of cell-cell physical contact, and that coaggregation is mediated by a heat-labile component of P. gingivalis and T. forsythia component that can be activated on heat treatment.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.45 no.11
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• pp.846-854
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• 2022

Neurons make long-distance connections via their axons, and the accuracy and stability of these connections are crucial for brain function. Research using various animal models showed that the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the assembly and maintenance of neuronal circuitry are highly conserved in vertebrates. Therefore, to gain a deeper understanding of brain development and maintenance, an efficient vertebrate model is required, where the axons of a defined neuronal cell type can be genetically manipulated and selectively visualized in vivo. Placental mammals pose an experimental challenge, as time-consuming breeding of genetically modified animals is required due to their in utero development. Xenopus laevis, the most commonly used amphibian model, offers comparative advantages, since their embryos ex utero during which embryological manipulations can be performed. However, the tetraploidy of the X. laevis genome makes them not ideal for genetic studies. Here, we use Xenopus tropicalis, a diploid amphibian species, to visualize axonal pathfinding and degeneration of a single central nervous system neuronal cell type, the retinal ganglion cell (RGC). First, we show that RGC axons follow the developmental trajectory previously described in X. laevis with a slightly different timeline. Second, we demonstrate that co-electroporation of DNA and/or oligonucleotides enables the visualization of gene function-altered RGC axons in an intact brain. Finally, using this method, we show that the axon-autonomous, Sarm1-dependent axon destruction program operates in X. tropicalis. Taken together, the present study demonstrates that the visual system of X. tropicalis is a highly efficient model to identify new molecular mechanisms underlying axon guidance and survival.

• Journal of The Korean Ophthalmological Society
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• v.58 no.4
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• pp.380-386
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• 2017

Purpose: To compare the clinical characteristics and prognosis of Fuchs dystrophy patients according to COL8A2 gene mutation status. Methods: Eighty-one patients (162 eyes) initially diagnosed with Fuchs dystrophy from 1996 to 2015 were divided into two groups according to COL8A2 gene mutation status. Retrospective analysis was performed comparing gender, age at diagnosis, presence of family history, diabetes mellitus, symptoms of blurred vision in the morning, changes in central corneal thickness and endothelial cell density with time, need for corneal transplantation, and pre-operative corneal status in the two groups. Results: Of the 81 patients, 12 were shown to harbor a COL8A2 gene mutation. Individuals with mutation were significantly associated with presence of family history, diabetes mellitus, and blurred vision in the morning (p = 0.021, p = 0.024, p = 0.044, respectively). They also had significantly thicker central cornea and lower endothelial cell density at the time of diagnosis (p = 0.020, p = 0.005, respectively). The differences in central corneal thickness and endothelial cell density between the two eyes in one patient were significantly smaller in patients with gene mutation (p = 0.043, p = 0.022, respectively). Over a 5-year follow-up period, 60.0% of eyes in patients with gene mutation and 19.2% of eyes in patients without gene mutation underwent corneal transplantation, a significant difference between the two groups (p = 0.014). Conclusions: By testing for COL8A2 gene mutation, early binocular disease progression and the possible need for corneal transplantation in the future can be predicted among patients diagnosed with Fuchs dystrophy.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.391-396
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• 2015

Purpose: The objective of this study was to investigate the visual system of the greater horseshoe bat (Rhinolophus ferrumequinum) by location analysis of some major neurotransmitters glutamate, ${\gamma}$-aminobutyric acid (GABA), acetylcholine, and their receptors, and $m{\ddot{u}}ller$ glial cells in retina. Methods: Standard immunocytochemical techniques were used after vibratome section of retinal tissues of adult greater horseshoe bat for this study. Immnoreactions in immunofluorescence images were analyzed using confocal microscope. Results: Anti-glutamate-immunoreactive neurons were mainly localized in the ganglion cell layer (GCL). The majority of anti-GABA-immunoreactive cells distributed in the inner nuclear layer (INL), and GABAA receptors were localized in the inner plexiform layer (IPL). Anti-choline acetyltransferase-immuoreactive cholinergic neurons were mainly located in the INL and GCL, and most of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors were localized in the IPL. The $m{\ddot{u}}ller$ cells in the retina of the greater horseshoe bat stretched theirs range from the GCL to outer nuclear layer (ONL). Conclusions: This study revealed that the retinas of the greater horseshoe bats contain the same major neurotransmitters and receptors, and glial cell in visually functional mammalian retinas. The present results may suggest that the greater horseshoe bats have the functional retinas for visual analysis through the organized retinal neural circuits.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.702-707
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• 2014

Corneal endothelium is mono-inner cell layer of cornea and lay on Descmet's membrane which comprised of various proteins called extracellular matrix such as fibronectin, collagen, laminin, and proteoglycan, etc. In this study, we fabricated transparent poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) film because PLGA is widely used for tissue engineering based on their properties. We investigated the behaviors of rabbit corneal endothelial cells (rCEnCs) on PLGA film surfaces coated with various cell-adhesive molecules like fibronectin, laminin, collagen type I and IV and FNC coating mix. The morphologic images, proliferation and adhesion assay, immunofluorescence for ZO-1 and $Na^+/K^+-ATPase$ and RT-PCR for expression of specific markers were conducted. These results showed that PLGA film plays a role as CEnC carriers in vitro and the cell-adhesive molecules give positive effects on the behaviors of rCEnC.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.24-30
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• 2014

Retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) plays an important role in maintaining the visual function and the degeneration of the RPE causes several retinal degeneration disease. In order to fabricate the suitable carrier for RPE transplantation, the hybrid poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) film with hesperidin was prepared. Hesperidin has an anti-inflammatory and antioxidant characteristics. ARPE-19 was seeded on hesperidin/PLGA film and then, cell proliferation was determined by the MTT assay, and cell adhesion and cell morphology were confirmed by SEM. Also, RT-PCR was performed to confirm the expression of the specific genes, and AEC immunohistochemical staining was performed to determine the expression of RPE65. As a result, we confirmed that attachment, proliferation and phenotype maintenance of RPE cells were more excellent on hesperidin/PLGA film than PLGA film, thereby we were able to confirm the potential applications of hesperidin/PLGA film as tissue engineering carrier for regeneration of retina.

• Journal of the Korea Computer Graphics Society
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.9-16
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• 2018

In this paper, we introduce a visualization framework for cell image data obtained from optical diffraction tomography (ODT), including a method for representing cell morphology in 3D virtual environment and a color mapping protocol. Unlike commonly known volume data sets, such as CT images of human organ or industrial machinery, that have solid structural information, the cell image data have rather vague information with much morphological variations on the boundaries. Therefore, it is difficult to come up with consistent representation of cell structure for visualization results. To obtain desired visual representation of cellular structures, we propose an interactive visualization technique for the ODT data. In visualization of 3D shape of the cell, we adopt a volume rendering technique which is generally applied to volume data visualization and improve the quality of volume rendering result by using empty space jittering method. Furthermore, we provide a layer-based independent rendering method for multiple transfer functions to represent two or more cellular structures in unified render window. In the experiment, we examined effectiveness of proposed method by visualizing various type of the cell obtained from the microscope which can capture ODT image and fluorescence image together.