• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.55-59
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• 1993

Using a visual analogue scale, we compare the effect of patient-controlled analgesia and conventional intramuscular opioid regimen in 68 patients undergoing lower abdominal or gynecological surgery. We also recorded the incidence of side effects. We checked visual analogue scale 4 hours interval for 30 cases managed by patient-controlled analgesia and 38 cases of conventional intramuscular opioid group managed by obstetrician. We maintained fentanyl $0.33{\mu}g/kg/hr$ and set self administrable bolus dose $5.0{\mu}g$(lockout interval: 15 min) in patient-controlled analgesia group. Conventional intramuscular bolus injection group were administered meperidine 50 mg for 4 hour interval. Mean visual analogue scale scores obtained by patient-controlled analgesia group and intramuscular bolus injection group were $2.49{\pm}0.67$ and $4.53{\pm}1.28$(p<0.05). Side effects such as; no significant incidence of respiratory depression, urinary retention, postural hypotension, nausea, vomiting and pruritus were developed by either group. These results suggest that patient-controlled analgesia was more effective method compared with conventional intraumuscular opioid injection regimen for post-operative pain management.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.67-75
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to report the effectiveness of diarrhea-inducing treatment by Gamsui-mal for lumbar spinal stenosis. During hospitalization four patients with lumbar spinal stenosis were treated with diarrhea-inducing treatment by Gamsui-mal and acupuncture, herbal medicine, moxibustion, cupping treatment, Bee-venom pharmacopuncture. Before treatment, we explained in detail about diarrhea-inducing treatment by Gamsui-mal and patients agreed with treatment. The symptoms appeared in patients of diarrhea, abdominal pain, and vomiting in the treatment process. We evaluated the degree of improvement by visual analogue scale (VAS), oswestry disability index (ODI). After treatment, we found that pain was reduced and patient's symptoms were improved by visual analogue scale (VAS), oswestry disability index (ODI) score. The results show that diarrhea-inducing treatment by Gamsui-mal was rapidly improving symptoms. Further studies are needed to clarify the effect of diarrhea-inducing treatment by Gamsui-mal.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.679-689
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• 1995

This study was designed to investigate the efficiency of subjective assessment that exams the subjective symptom of patients with back pain at the department of physical therapy. To assess the subjective symptom, we used the pain questionnaire using visual analogue scale(VAS) that was developed by Wang on 1995. Questionnaires were administered to 31 adult patients(male : 11, female: 20) with herniated lumbar disk(13), low back pain(8), myofascial pain syndrom(5), lumbar strain(4), ankylosing spondylitis(1). Mean age was 36.3 ranged from 28 to 65. The results of this study were as follows: 1) In each of 15 subjects, there was a significant decrease in VAS between pre-and post-treatment(p < 0.05 -p<0.001). 2) Mean VAS of total subjects was $6.26{\pm}2.55$ in pre-treatment, $4.50{\pm}2.47$ in post-treatment(p < 0.001). The result of this study was shown efficiency of pain management by subjective assessment. The continuous study is needed for many interesting issue of pain management using VAS.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.940-946
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• 2012

This study was designed to evaluate the effects of Korean medicine therapy(Banhasasim-tang) on a peptic ulcer patient. Three peptic ulcer patients with symptoms of epigastric pain, heartburn and nausea, were treated with Banhasasim-tang. The progress was evaluated with the Visual analogue scale. In all three cases, after 3 weeks of treatment with Banhasasim-tang, the patient's symptom of epigastric pain, heartburn and nausea evaluated with the Visual analogue scale improved. This study suggests that Korean medicine(Banhasasim-tang) could be effective in the treatment of peptic ulcer.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.51-60
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• 2006

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to assess the ability of Extravascular Laser System on pain treatment. Methods : On this study, we carried out with the 9 cases of children who visited in the Department of Pediatrics, OO University Oriental Hospital as pain. 9 children suffering from pain were treated with Extravascular Laser System, and two of these were treated with combined acupuncture. In order to determine the degree of pain relief, a visual analogue scale was used. Results : Extravascular Laser System for pain resulted in a significant decline in the visual analogue scale. For Extravascular Laser System combined with acupuncture, VAS score has fallen by 30% each time compared to 17.5% of Extravascular Laser System only. In 2 cases of chronic pain, VAS score decreased to 0. In 7 cases of acute pain, All of 7 children improved 50% on VAS score, On average VAS score have seen 79.2% reduction. The average treatment times of chronic pain were 5 times, while that of acute pain were 4.1 times. Conclusions : We report the good result of the efficacy of extravascular laser system on children's pain. but, this study's cases were small in number. so more study is need.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.27-30
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• 2013

Objective: Low back pain is a primary of source of dysfunction and economic costs. Gluteus medius muscle co-activation and activity pattern change caused the low back pain. Active release technique (ART) is a patented, non-invasive, soft tissue treatment process that both locates and breaks down the scar tissue and adhesions. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects on chronic low back pain using ART on gluteus medius so that suggest usable treatment method for treating chronic low back pain. Design: One group pretest-posttest design. Methods: Twelve patients with chronic low back pain were participated in this study. Subjects in ART group were received 2 times a week for 3 weeks treatments with either ART on gluteus medius muscle trigger points. Outcome measures were conducted by pain intensity with a pain visual analogue scale and pressure pain threshold on gluteus medius. Results: Completion of the intervention, the visual analogue scale was decreased in ART group (p<0.05). Also pressure pain threshold was decreased in ART group (p<0.05). Conclusions: Our results suggest that the response to ART may be usable to treat low back pain. ART was presented to reduce pain level of low back in people with chronic low back pain. Further study is required to management for low back pain due to gluteus medius and more ART study.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Oriental Medical Informatics
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.57-64
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• 2005

Objectives The aim of this study is to evaluate effects of hard board applied to acute low back pain patient by using Visual Analogue Scale(VAS) and Pain Rating Score(PRS). Methods From March. 2005 to October. 2005, 20 cases of acute low back pain were divided into 2 groups in sequence. Control group took a rest on the bed(marble-sponge mattress) and sample group took a rest on the hard board. Visual Analogue Scale(VAS) and Pain Rating Score(PRS) were used to assess the change of pain. VAS and PRS were checked 3 times before the treatment, after 3day treatment and 6day treatment. Results 1. After 3day and 6day treatment, there was statistical significance between control and sample group by VAS. 2. After 3day and 6day treatment, there was statistical significance between control and sample group by PRS. Conclusions On treating acute low back pain, it is more effective taking a rest on the hard board than taking a rest on the bed. Further study is needed about effects of hard board applied to acute low back pain patient.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.13-22
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• 2023

Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of functional massage and stretching, applied to the elbow and shoulder joints, on pain, tenderness threshold, and grip strength. Methods: A total of 29 individuals were assigned to a single site (n=15) or multiple sites (n=14). Pain measured through the visual analogue scale (VAS), tenderness threshold (TTH), and grip strength (GI) were measured before and four weeks after the intervention. Results: After four weeks of treatment, visual analogue scale significantly decreased in both groups (p<.05), and the tenderness threshold and grip strength significantly increased in both groups (p<.05). There was also a significant difference between the two groups (p<.05). Conclusion: The reduction of visual analogue scale and the increase in the tenderness threshold and grip strength were more significant in the multi-site treatment group than in the single-site treatment group.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Oriental Medical Informatics
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.21-28
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• 2013

Background The aim of this study is assessing the adaption of the Sasang Constitutional herbal tea to the patient complained fatigue. Method Five times assessments were accomplished for 8 weeks using Chalder fatigue scale and visual analogue scale of health status. Herbal tea was served on the point of 4 weeks from 1st visit. Results Chalder fatigue scale and visual analogue scale of health status were significantly improved. Conclusion Sasang Constitutional herbal tea can be used for the control of chronic fatigue.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.175-184
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• 2013

This study is to observe the effect of Korean medicine treatment combined with electro-acupuncture and chuna manual treatment on tarsal tunnel syndrome inpatient. The patient, diagnosed as tarsal tunnel syndrome, was treated by Korean medicine treatment in combination with electro-acupuncture and chuna manual treatment. We measured visual analogue scale(VAS). Neuropathic pain scale(NPS) was adopted as a method of measuring the treatment results of pain & hypoesthesia. Rt. sole numbness & pain decreased from VAS 10 to VAS 4. Rt. foot paresthesia decreased from VAS 10 to VAS 4 and Rt. ankle pain was disappeared. NPS score decreased from 80 to 62. Korean medicine treatment in combination with electro-acupuncture and chuna manual treatment is proved to be helpful to improve the symptoms of the tarsal tunnel syndrome patient.