• Women's Health Nursing
• /
• 제11권4호
• /
• pp.307-315
• /
• 2005

Purpose: A descriptive study was conducted to identify the change patterns on the level of perceived distress during the early postoperative period with regard to state anxiety in patients using patient controlled analgesia. Method: One hundred women who underwent elective hysterectomy procedures or other gynecologic surgeries completed a series of questionnaires measuring state anxiety, and subjective distress assessed by visual analog scales at 8, 24, & 48 hours postoperatively. Data were analyzed with frequencies, percentages, means, ANOVA, Repeated Measures ANCOVA, and Scheff'e post test utilizing SPSS WIN 11.0. Result: There was a gradual decrease in levels of total distress and pain over the three points in time after surgery regardless the levels of state anxiety. However, women with higher levels of anxiety their pain curve rose at 48 hours post-op. In addition, over the first two points in time, women in the higher anxiety group showed higher levels of distress than those in the lower anxiety group, but no such group differences were observed in the levels of pain, revealing higher pain levels only at 8 hours post-op in both groups. Conclusion: Irrespective of effective pain management modality, most postoperatively experienced distress in gynecological patients was derived from anxiety and pain. These findings have implications for pain management, especially in patients with emotionally charged surgeries like hysterectomy.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
• /
• 제31권6호
• /
• pp.686-693
• /
• 2007

To perceive body movement, the nervous system uses multi-sensory cues such as vision, vestibular signals, and somatosensation. Among the multi-sensory modality, the previous researchers reported that the lower limb somatosensation plays an important role on maintaining postural balance. In this study, we examined the contribution of somatosensory cues to linear motion perception by measuring the detection threshold of the direction of linear motion with and without lower limb somatosensory constraints. Six healthy male volunteers participated in randomly ordered 33 single sinusoidal acceleration trials with the stimulus at 0.25Hz with peak magnitude ranged from 0 to 8mG. After each stimulus, subjects reported their perceived direction of motion by button press. Results showed that the reduced lower limb somatosensation significantly increased perception threshold. Without constraints, mean threshold was $0.82{\pm}0.23mG$, while it was $1.23{\pm}0.35mG$ with reduced lower limb somatosensation. The results suggest that without visual cues, perception of the movement direction strongly depends on the lower limb somatosensory information.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
• /
• 한국정보처리학회 2004년도 추계학술발표논문집(상)
• /
• pp.975-978
• /
• 2004

본 논문에서 우리는 가상현실 시스템의 구축에 있어서, 사용자의 직접 상호작용 (direct interaction)을 기본으로 하는 근신 공간(near-body space) 작업에서 사용자의 존재감 (Presence) 향상과 작업 성능 향상을 위하여, 사용자와 공간적 및 감각적으로 일치된 가상 인체 모델의 구현을 중심으로 현재의 기술 현황 및 연구 개발 방향에 대하여 기술한다. 이상적인 가상현실 시스템을 구현하기 위해서 고려되어야 할 요소를 멀티모달 상호작용과 실감 일치형 인터페이스 개발 방법론의 관점에서 보면, 사용자가 접하는 가상 공간의 시각적 모델(visual perception)과 자기 동작 감각적(proprioceptive) 모델의 일치가 중요하다. 그러므로, 시각적으로 사용자의 움직임과 일치된 자신의 신체가 가시화 되어야 하고, 자연스러운 근신 공간 직접 상호작용을 지원하기 위해서는 사실적인 햅틱 피드백 요소가 중요하며, 공간적 정보를 표현 함에 있어서 동기화 된 사실적 청각 피드백 요소의 지원이 중요하다. 앞의 주요 3 가지 감각 인터페이스 방법(sensory channel, modality)는 현재의 불완전한 인터페이스 기술의 한계를 고려하여 상호 보완적인 관계로 응용 환경에 최적화된 적용 방법이 연구되어야 한다.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
• /
• 제22권6호
• /
• pp.670-674
• /
• 2018

Social network service (SNS) related data including comments/text, images, videos, blogs, and user experiences contain a wealth of information which can be used to build recommendation systems for various clients' and provide insightful data/results to business analysts. Multimedia data, especially visual data like image and videos are the richest source of SNS data which can reflect particular region, and cultures values/interests, form a gigantic portion of the overall data. Mining such huge amounts of data for extracting actionable intelligence require efficient and smart data analysis methods. The purpose of this paper is to focus on this particular modality for devising ways to model, index, and retrieve data as and when desired.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
• /
• 제32권3호
• /
• pp.118-123
• /
• 2021

The pulsed photoangiolytic 532-nm potassium-titanyl-phosphate (KTP) laser has emerged in recent years as an efficacious treatment modality for vocal fold lesions. It also has broadened the indications for other laryngeal laser surgery. Features of KTP laser that it is a fiber-based delivery system and its energy is selectively absorbed by oxyhemoglobin make it suitable for office-based laryngeal procedures. An office-based KTP laser surgery provides an alternative management option for benign laryngeal diseases and can be performed comfortably under flexible endoscopic guidance which is placed through the nose of a fully awake patient. Office-based laryngeal surgery with a KTP laser can alleviate the need for general anesthesia. However, there are some limitations to apply due to reduced visual precision and the fact that the vocal folds are moving during procedures. Clinicians should carefully weigh the advantages and disadvantages of office-based procedures before a treatment option is selected. Patient selection and standardized laser energy parameters may help in decreasing complications and improving the treatment results.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
• /
• 제19권2호
• /
• pp.125-142
• /
• 2008

This study investigated the effects of space- and object-based attention on spatial and visual working memory, by measuring recognition of working memory on the spatial Stroop task including two modalities of attention resource. The similarity condition of stimulus arrangement between working memory task and spatial stroop task was manipulated in order to examine the effects of space-based attention on spatial rehearsal during working memory task, while Stroop rendition was manipulated in order to examine the effects of object-based attention on object rehearsal during working memory task. The results showed that in a condition that stimulus arrangement was highly similar for the spatial working memory task and the spatial Stroop task, recognition accuracy of the spatial working memory was high, but it was not significantly different with the Stroop conditions. In contrast, the recognition accuracy of visual working memory in the incongruent Stroop condition was lower than that in the congruent Stroop condition, but it was not significantly different with the similarity conditions (25% vs. 75%). The results indicated that selective attention has effects on working memory only when resource modality of working memory is the same as that of selective attention.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
• /
• 제13권1호
• /
• pp.1-15
• /
• 2021

The present study investigated the mental representation and processing of an ambiguous word in the bimodal processing system by manipulating the lexical ambiguity of a visually or auditorily presented word. Homonyms (e.g., '물었다') with more than two meanings and control words (e.g., '고통을') with a single meaning were used in the experiments. The lemma frequency of words was manipulated while the relative frequency of multiple meanings of each homonym was balanced. In both experiments using the lexical decision task, a robust frequency effect and a critical interaction of word type by frequency were found. In Experiment 1, spoken homonyms yielded faster latencies relative to control words (i.e., ambiguity advantage) in the low frequency condition, while ambiguity disadvantage was found in the high frequency condition. A similar interactive pattern was found in visually presented homonyms in the subsequent Experiment 2. Taken together, the first key finding is that interdependent lexico-semantic processing can be found both in the visual and auditory processing system, which in turn suggests that semantic processing is not modality dependent, but rather takes place on the basis of general lexical knowledge. The second is that multiple semantic candidates provide facilitative feedback only when the lemma frequency of the word is relatively low.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
• /
• 제58권2호
• /
• pp.57-80
• /
• 2024

Eisner emphasized the importance of problem-solving objectives and expressive objectives in addition to behavioral objectives, and communication through multiple modalities including linguistic, visual, aural, spatial, gestural modes. This study analyzes 'Libraries and Information Life,' a textbook developed for information literacy instruction, by dividing it into educational objectives types(behavioral, problem-solving, expressive) and multimodal modes(linguistic, visual, auditory, spatial, and gestural), and seeks to derive implications for setting educational objectives for information literacy instruction and developing textbooks. The textbook has four volumes for elementary low-grade, elementary high-grade, middle school, and high school levels. Educational objectives were extracted from the textbooks, and 3 librarian-teachers were engaged in the analysis of these objectives. The main findings and implications of this study are as follows. First, when looking at the types of educational objectives, the proportion of behavioral objectives was found to be excessively high, and there is a need to strengthen the proportion of problem-solving objectives and expressive objectives. Second, problem-solving objectives tend to overlap with behavioral objectives, indicating a need to develop problem-solving objectives with defined conditions and solution requirements. Third, expressive objectives concentrated in specific units need to be placed evenly in other units. Fourth, in the case of multi-modality mode, the proportion of the linguistic mode must be reduced, the proportion of the visual, auditory, spatial, and gestural modes must be increased, and it is necessary to set educational objectives with clear characteristics of each mode.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
• /
• 제14권2호
• /
• pp.68-77
• /
• 2008

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate effects of movement with mobilization(MWM) and stabilization exercise on pain and range of motion of patients with acute low back pain. Methods : The subjects were consisted of 24 patients who had non specific acute low back pain. All subjects randomly assigned to the MWM group and the stabilization exercise group. The MWM group received sustained natural apophyseal glides(SNAGs) with modality treatment and stabilization exercise group received stabilization exercise with modality treatment. The remodified schober test(RST) was used to measure forward flexion and lateral flexion range of motion of lumbar segment. Visual Analogue Scale(VAS) was used to measure subjective pain level of the patients. The Oswestry Low Back Pain Disability Scale was used to measure functional disability level of the patients. Results : The lumbar flexion range of motion of MWM group was significantly increased compared with stabilization exercise group(p<.01). The range of motion of lumbar segment of MWM group was significantly decreased compared with stabilization exercise group(p<.01). The left lateral flexion range of motion of lumbar of MWM group was significantly decreased compared with stabilization exercise group(p<.05). The right lateral flexion range of motion of lumbar of MWM group was significantly decreased compared with stabilization exercise group(p<.05). The VAS of both MWM group and stabilization exercise group was significantly decreased(p<.001). The Oswestry Low Back Pain Disability Scale of stabilization exercise group was significantly increased compared with mobilization group(p<.001). Conclusion : In the result of this study, mobilization with movement and stabilization exercise had significant difference on pain and flexibility of patients with acute low back pain.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
• /
• 제11권2호
• /
• pp.196-204
• /
• 2003

Objectives: It is known that sedative hypnotics would make cross tolerance with alcohol and deteriorate quality of sleep in alcoholics. Light therapy is effective non-pharmacological intervention for sleep disturbance in circadian phase disorders, jet-lag, shift-work and age-related sleep disorders. Authors would investigate the effects of morning light therapy on sleep of patients with alcohol dependence during recovery state without withdrawal symptoms. Methods: 13 patients with alcohol dependence who have not any alcohol withdrawal symptom were recruited. Light therapy during 1 hour in the morning had been administered by 2500 Lux light box through serial 3 days. Sleep state of subjects were assessed by sleep log and the subjective satisfaction at sleep was by 100 mm visual analogue scale. Sleepiness, depressive mood, anxiety were evaluated by 100mm visual analogue scale at 8 AM, 2 PM and 8 PM. For assessment of performance ability that would be associated with sleepiness and vigilance, trail making test A, B and digit symbol substitution test were performed by two times on base line and 4th day. Univariate repeated-measures ANOVAs were performed for each measures except performance tests which were analysed by paired t-test. Results: Sleep latency and sleep efficiency were significantly improved with light therapy and satisfaction at sleep was. There was no significant difference in sleepiness at 2 PM with light therapy but sleepiness at 8 AM significantly decreased and at 8 PM increased. The time to complete Trail making test and digit symbol substitution test were significantly shortened at 4th day compared with baseline. Fatigue at 8 AM were not significantly changed with light therapy but at 2 PM and 8 PM significantly decreased. Depressive mood and anxiety were not significantly changed with light therapy. Conclusion: Although this study had some limitations, it showed that light therapy would be effective modality on sleep disturbance of patients with alcohol dependence who have recovered from alcohol withdrawal symptoms. It is proposed that short term light therapy could be used clinically for alcoholics with insomnia. In the future, long term controlled studies using more objective tools for sleep are required to further investigate the effect of light therapy in alcoholics.