• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.26
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• pp.31-56
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• 2012

This is a scientific study of subjectivity on recognition types and preferences of animation audience. Therefore, Q-methodology was used as a methodology of this study. As a result, it was possible to find the various characteristics according to the preferences of audience on animation genres. The features of each type were classified into 3 types. First was an artistic and literary value-oriented type that explored storytelling and descriptive value. Second was a pictorial and aesthetic value-oriented type that explored visual beauty such as characters and Mise en scene. Third was a visual and entertainment value-oriented type that explored entertainment factors and attractions. Thus, according to the classification of preference types, it was inferred that digital image generation audience with an active preference that can create and consume images have developed a tendency that independently consumed their preferences based on thoroughly personal or subjective preferences rather than classified and accepted their preferred culture as their symbolic expressions of hierarchical position. In this aspect, Q-methodological consideration that is useful to analyze the subjectivity of audience could be a significant work. Nevertheless, this study alone could not reveal various generative contexts of specific preferences. It seems to have more significant results by applying various qualitative or quantitative methodologies together with this study and analyzing recognition types and preferences of audience.

• 지역과문화
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.81-108
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• 2020

This study aims to critically consider the local cultural policies of the government and local governments by village mural. Village murals, which began to be painted in the late 1990s, have been a nationwide cultural phenomenon for decades. In particular, it was consistently used as an important element of various local cultural policies implemented by the government and local governments. The government and local governments have been working on the project for two purposes: 'improving the residential environment' and 'activating tourism' but it has largely focused on 'activating tourism'. This study grasped the concrete status of major village murals across the country through field surveys, one of the case study methods. Also, through the analysis of official documents, the government and local governments operating in the village mural project were analyzed for the policy basis and administrative management plan. As a result of on-site surveys, most of the village murals across the country had problems such as uniform subject matter, low level representation, and poor follow-up management. This is partly based on the experiences and abilities of organizations and artists who participated in the village mural project, but fundamentally, it is due to the projects of the government and local governments that focused on short-term visual tourism rather than long-term improvement of the residential environment. It was confirmed that the projects of the government and local governments were carried out through vertical integration and that there were problems in the actual work, such as requiring specific topics, subject matter, designs and colors. As a result, the village murals 'objectify' the residents and 'romanticized' the place, resulting in a unified visual representation. Therefore, this study suggests that the administration and accounting should be strictly managed, but in actual work, the vertical integration structure should be eased by simplifying various documents and procedures, as well as rich cultural understanding of the target place, selection of various topics, and original subject matter and expressions.

• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.284-290
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• 2024

Speech emotion recognition (SER) is a technique that is used to analyze the speaker's voice patterns, including vibration, intensity, and tone, to determine their emotional state. There has been an increase in interest in artificial intelligence (AI) techniques, which are now widely used in medicine, education, industry, and the military. Nevertheless, existing researchers have attained impressive results by utilizing acted-out speech from skilled actors in a controlled environment for various scenarios. In particular, there is a mismatch between acted and spontaneous speech since acted speech includes more explicit emotional expressions than spontaneous speech. For this reason, spontaneous speech-emotion recognition remains a challenging task. This paper aims to conduct emotion recognition and improve performance using spontaneous speech data. To this end, we implement deep learning-based speech emotion recognition using the VGG (Visual Geometry Group) after converting 1-dimensional audio signals into a 2-dimensional spectrogram image. The experimental evaluations are performed on the Korean spontaneous emotional speech database from AI-Hub, consisting of 7 emotions, i.e., joy, love, anger, fear, sadness, surprise, and neutral. As a result, we achieved an average accuracy of 83.5% and 73.0% for adults and young people using a time-frequency 2-dimension spectrogram, respectively. In conclusion, our findings demonstrated that the suggested framework outperformed current state-of-the-art techniques for spontaneous speech and showed a promising performance despite the difficulty in quantifying spontaneous speech emotional expression.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2011.05a
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• pp.1059-1068
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• 2011

This study is aimed to systematically grasp the visual and informative needs of sign system and secure the formativeness sample for standardization model. This study, therefore, will help building the requirements to create design value and secure objectiveness for realization of practical use of the communication design plan, and means transference of the external and internal information system of railroad vehicles for practical use into the standardization model. The pictorial sign based information delivery is a communication process and way gained through vision and perception, so that grasping the formative structure connoted in message is not less than understanding the characteristics of the essence. In this study, I defined the symbolic expressions inherent in TTX sign system to be perceptional action and value norms as general signatures and signifiers.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.54 no.1
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• pp.31-38
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• 2016

Specific gene expressions of host cells by spontaneous STAT6 phosphorylation are major strategy for the survival of intracellular Toxoplasma gondii against parasiticidal events through STAT1 phosphorylation by infection provoked $IFN-{\gamma}$. We determined the effects of small molecules of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) on the growth of T. gondii and on the relationship with STAT1 and STAT6 phosphorylation in ARPE-19 cells. We counted the number of T. gondii RH tachyzoites per parasitophorous vacuolar membrane (PVM) after treatment with TKIs at 12-hr intervals for 72 hr. The change of STAT6 phosphorylation was assessed via western blot and immunofluorescence assay. Among the tested TKIs, Afatinib (pan ErbB/EGFR inhibitor, $5{\mu}M$) inhibited 98.0% of the growth of T. gondii, which was comparable to pyrimethamine ($5{\mu}M$) at 96.9% and followed by Erlotinib (ErbB1/EGFR inhibitor, $20{\mu}M$) at 33.8% and Sunitinib (PDGFR or c-Kit inhibitor, $10{\mu}M$) at 21.3%. In the early stage of the infection (2, 4, and 8 hr after T. gondii challenge), Afatinib inhibited the phosphorylation of STAT6 in western blot and immunofluorescence assay. Both JAK1 and JAK3, the upper hierarchical kinases of cytokine signaling, were strongly phosphorylated at 2 hr and then disappeared entirely after 4 hr. Some TKIs, especially the EGFR inhibitors, might play an important role in the inhibition of intracellular replication of T. gondii through the inhibition of the direct phosphorylation of STAT6 by T. gondii.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.519-531
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• 2012

This study comprehends the various expressions of Lady Gaga's fashion style based on Craig Owens's Allegory theory. This study analyzed four application elements of Borrow, Site Specificity, Accumulate of Strategy, and Hybridization in addition, it studied all aspects of the aesthetic value of Lady GaGa (an influential popular culture icon). It was classified in the external representation of the fashion style for the aesthetic value. The results are summarized as follows: First, 'Borrow' of the singers of the 80's music and fashion style present from her elders and visual homage to shock artists. It influenced her fans with a difference in viewpoint for a star's fashion that subsequently resulted in a deformation of form, playful kitsch style, and mixed gender. Second, 'Site specificity' presents an extreme make over through an intentional and grotesques fashion style to extend physical territory and defenseless. The results remove stereotypes and reveal deconstructive performances. Third, 'Accumulate of strategy' simultaneously presents voluptuous beauty, futurism, and avant-garde style. This shows the countercultural tendency through the random repetition of fashion images and layerd coordination. Finally, 'Hybridization' presents multiful fashion style through a collaboration with world-famous designers and cosmetic brands. She expressed a diverse and complex fashion style composed of an art form that combines a high-tech cyborg image. The aesthetic values of Lady Gaga' fashion style are 'ambivalence virtuality', 'Transcendental mixed gender', 'plural textuality', and 'unexpected play culture'.

• Archives of design research
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.101-110
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• 2000

Taking a look at art history around the world reveals the presence of ceramics in a wide range of areas. There have been many changes and developments over the years, but especially notable is the fact that in the course of history, the craft of ceramics has become an aesthetic art form rather than serving the original purpose of providing daily object of necessity. The Art Nouveau movement had peat influence in the development of ceramics before and after 19$^{th}$ century, and its inherent style continues to be copied and produced to modem day. The Art Nouveau style can today be seen particularly in contemporary tableware designs reflecting its graceful motifs that are now richly presenting themselves on table settings. This study looks at the possibilites of Art Nouveau in ceramics, namely by combining both traditional formativ qualities and contemporary visual inspirations to seek new expressions of beauty. In order to document records and analyze formative developments of Art Nouveau, representative pieces have been chronologically presented to cover the period from 1895 to the present.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.71-80
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• 2001

Since the beginning of the 90's, Fashion shows appear to be a type of performance form of art combining with other areas to visually entertain the viewers. This can be explained by the modern tendency to escape from society which requires formality and complicated lifestyles. Fashion shows take place in a scene Influenced by the idea of post-modernism which redefines the definition of space. A church, old factory, unoccupied ground, subway stations, or even place like a waste disposal are used as a setting. The stage set is no longer the T shape run way and the procinium arch has disappeared. The gap between audience and stage has diminished and theatrical element is added to the fashion performance by using viewers living and working environments as setting of the show. The human relation with machine based on the cutting edge technology such as the stage automation, robots and mist making sprinkler system introduces new elements with spontaneity and detailed planning in the stage performance. Music also plays an Important role in attracting viewers. The sound track covers house music to techno music. Instead of music being abstract, folks orchestral music, choirs, piano. even live concert performed by pop artist provide the liveliness of the fashion show. And the catwalk itself is a performance. Model needs to be well trained as the capable talent who can handle sensitive gestures, facial expressions, dancing and choreography. The improvisatorial interaction between audience and model lead to audience participation. Models now range from pop star, ordinary people, handicapped people, to elderly and so on. John Galliano introduced the theatrical factors for the fashion show and Alexander Mcqueen approached the fashion show as the visual art of communication. Hussein Chalayan utilized high technology skewing futurism as if in a magic show. Today the Fashion show tends to be a total performance which includes audience participation, impromptu, and that break the limitation that fashion shows previously had. This will lead the fashion industry in opening new horizon of its own.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.541-549
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• 2015

Korean traditional mask play was done at outdoor to let spectators join the play and take mask at performance and to have disadvantage of poor transfer of dialog to the spectators. Performers transferred dialog directly and/or indirectly by using visual costume, and Tongyeong Ogwangdae with many dialogue expressions concerning the costume made use of proper intention to help spectators understand. In this study, the author watched performance of Tongyeong Ogwangdae to collect and investigate not only image material but also photograph material and to classify intention of the costume into three: First, contents of the dialog were intended to make shape. The costumes of Hongbaek Yangban, Meoktal Yangban and Jorijung of the 2nd section gave spectators contents of the play, and the costume of Halmi Yangban of Nochangtal of the 4th section described dialog of Halmi. Second, dialog had connotative metaphor. The costume of Yeongno of Yeongnotal of the 3rd section symbolized an unfinished dragon, while that of Halmi of Nongchangtal of the 4th section did sacred of Halmi. And, Nongchagtal Ai's costume of the 4th section prayed for value of Ai, richness of the life and fecundity. Third, conflict between characters was intended by indirect media. The costume of Maltukee of metaphor mask of the 2nd section became base of the assertion supporting that Maltukee had better birth history than Yangban had, and the costume of Yeongnoyangban of Yeongnotal of the 3rd section produced conflict at disclosure of identity.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.109-118
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• 2014

This study has tried the comparative analysis by classifying the underwear brand advertisement into direct sex appeal advertisement and metaphorical sex appeal advertisement. The effectiveness of advertisement expression has been studied by the comparative analysis for the advertisement attitude, the brand attitude, the purchasing intention based on the gender and the difference between design major and the others. As the study result, the conclusion, that the direct sex appeal advertisement on the characteristic of underwear brand has high effect on women, has been drawn. Also, it could be recognizable that men have high preference for the advertisement attitude, the brand attitude and the purchasing intention for the metaphorical sex appeal advertisement. Consequentially, the point that the effect on women can be maximized when the sex appeal expression is in harmony with the image of goods may be identified in case of the direct sex appeal advertisement in the underwear advertisement; it could be recognizable that men expressed their interests for metaphorical sex appeal expressions in underwear brand advertisements.