• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.11 no.11
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• pp.321-335
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• 2020

Given that with the development of the 4th industry, interest and desire for smart cities are gradually increasing and related technologies are developed as a way to strengthen urban competitiveness by utilizing big data, information and communication technology, IoT, M2M, and AI, the purpose of this study is to find out how to achieve this goal on the premise of the idea of smart well fair city. In other words, the purpose is to devise a smart well-fair city in the care area, such as health care, medical care, and welfare, and see if it is feasible. With this recognition, the paper aimed to review the concept and scope of smart city, the discussions that have been made so far and the issues or limitations on its connection to social security and social welfare, and based on it, come up with the concept of welfare city. As a method of realizing the smart welfare city, the paper reviewed characteristics and features of a social security platform as well as the applicability of smart city, especially care services. Furthermore, the paper developed discussions on the standardization of the city in terms of political and institutional improvements, utilization of personal information and public data as well as ways of institutional improvement centering on social security information system. This paper highlights the importance of implementing the digitally based community care and smart welfare city that our society is seeking to achieve. With regard to the social security platform based on behavioral design and the 7 principles(6W1H method), the present paper has the limitation of dealing only with smart cities in the fields of healthcare, medicine, and welfare. Therefore, further studies are needed to investigate the effects of smart cities in other fields and to consider the application and utilization of technologies in various aspects and the corresponding impact on our society. It is expected that this paper will suggest the future course and vision not only for smart cities but also for the social security and welfare system and thereby make some contribution to improving the quality of people's lives through the requisite adjustments made in each relevant field.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.312-321
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• 2003

In this paper, we implement robot which are ability to recognize obstacles and moving automatically to destination. we present two results in this paper; hardware implementation of image processing board and software implementation of visual feedback algorithm for a self-controlled robot. In the first part, the mobile robot depends on commands from a control board which is doing image processing part. We have studied the self controlled mobile robot system equipped with a CCD camera for a long time. This robot system consists of a image processing board implemented with DSPs, a stepping motor, a CCD camera. We will propose an algorithm in which commands are delivered for the robot to move in the planned path. The distance that the robot is supposed to move is calculated on the basis of the absolute coordinate and the coordinate of the target spot. And the image signal acquired by the CCD camera mounted on the robot is captured at every sampling time in order for the robot to automatically avoid the obstacle and finally to reach the destination. The image processing board consists of DSP (TMS320VC33), ADV611, SAA7111, ADV7l76A, CPLD(EPM7256ATC144), and SRAM memories. In the second part, the visual feedback control has two types of vision algorithms: obstacle avoidance and path planning. The first algorithm is cell, part of the image divided by blob analysis. We will do image preprocessing to improve the input image. This image preprocessing consists of filtering, edge detection, NOR converting, and threshold-ing. This major image processing includes labeling, segmentation, and pixel density calculation. In the second algorithm, after an image frame went through preprocessing (edge detection, converting, thresholding), the histogram is measured vertically (the y-axis direction). Then, the binary histogram of the image shows waveforms with only black and white variations. Here we use the fact that since obstacles appear as sectional diagrams as if they were walls, there is no variation in the histogram. The intensities of the line histogram are measured as vertically at intervals of 20 pixels. So, we can find uniform and nonuniform regions of the waveforms and define the period of uniform waveforms as an obstacle region. We can see that the algorithm is very useful for the robot to move avoiding obstacles.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.38-46
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• 2013

The goal of vocational school is to provide students with basic skills and help develop them to have satisfactory careers. With the knowledge they have learned, it helps them to find their interests and aptitudes when they graduate. The government is putting a lot of effort into clarifying the goal accomplishment and the vision proposals of vocational schools, and the structure-oriented guidance controlled by the government is thought to be very influential to the social structure and individual perceptions. Social stereotypes(discrimination) and perceptions that can be the core of a social structure need to be transformed for people to be fulfilled in their careers in the upcoming advanced Korean society. The important solution is to form correct values and a system of career selection which can ensure a stable future for students. Therefore, to carry out research regarding training human resources in terms of students from vocational schools' landscape architecture majors in an approaching method with a new perspective, we analyzed education plans from vocational schools in 11 regions, textbooks used in common, governmental publications regarding career education policies of vocational schools and questionnaires from students who are majoring in landscape architecture at vocational schools. As a result, we were able to find out the types and the frequencies of career-occupation education at each school through analysis of education plans and the necessity to control the amount and the level of the contents for high school students to have careers in analyzing textbooks. In addition, in Ministry of Education, Science and Technology's analyzing career education policies of vocational schools, we figured out the government's policies and directions of training. From the questionnaires from students majoring in landscape architecture, we were able to compare and analyze the satisfaction level of students on career education(education plans), textbooks, governmental career policies and career selection.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.347-356
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• 2013

Purpose: To evaluate the visual acuity and visual performance after implantation of a aspheric multifocal (ReSTOR$^{(R)}$ SN6AD3) intraocular lens (IOL). Methods: Nineteen cataract patients (30 eyes) implanted with an aspheric multifocal IOL (ReSTOR$^{(R)}$ SN6AD3) either unilaterally or bilaterally were participated. Visual acuity (VA) and objective optical performance were evaluated at the time of preoperation, 1 week, 1 month, and 3 month after operation. At 3 month of post-operation, objective visual performance were measured and compared with the 38 eyes of 20 age-matched normal control. Distance VA was measured by using the ETDRS LCD chart and intermediate and near visual acuity were measured using Jaeger chart. Objective visual performance was assessed preoperatively and 1 week, 1 month and 3 month postoperatively using a double-pass system (Optical Quality Analysis System) with a 4-mm pupil diameter, the OSI (objective scatter index), MTF (modulation transfer function) cut off and strehl ratio. At 3 month of post-operation, visual acuity and visual performance compared with age matched normal control. Results: The uncorrected distance VA, OSI, MTF cut off and strehl ratio were significantly improved (p<0.05) until 1 month postoperatively. Visual performance of MTF cut off and strehl ratio after 3 month of operation were significantly improved compared to the normal control (p=0.063, p=0.103 respectively), however, OSI was higher than normal control. Patients implanted with aspheric multifocal IOL were satisfied with distance and near VA however, were unsatisfied with intermediate VA and reported glare and halos. Conclusions: The visual performance reaches to a stable condition in 1 month of implantation of aspheric multifocal IOL and improved to the level of age-mated normal patients. Also patients were satisfied with their quality of vision, however, intermediate VA, glare and halos were reported as complications.

• Journal of Venture Innovation
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.107-127
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• 2022

Global challenges such as the corona pandemic, climate change and the war-on-tech ensure that the demand who the technologies of the future develops and monitors prominently for will be on the agenda. Development of, and applications in, agrifood, biotech, high-tech, medtech, quantum, AI and photonics are the basis of the future earning capacity of the Netherlands and contribute to solving societal challenges, close to home and worldwide. To be like the Netherlands and Europe a strategic position in the to obtain knowledge and innovation chain, and with it our autonomy in relation to from China and the United States insurance, clear choices are needed. Brainport Eindhoven: Building on Philips' knowledge base, there is create an innovative ecosystem where more than 7,000 companies in the High-tech Systems & Materials (HTSM) collaborate on new technologies, future earning potential and international value chains. Nearly 20,000 private R&D employees work in 5 regional high-end campuses and for companies such as ASML, NXP, DAF, Prodrive Technologies, Lightyear and many others. Brainport Eindhoven has a internationally leading position in the field of system engineering, semicon, micro and nanoelectronics, AI, integrated photonics and additive manufacturing. What is being developed in Brainport leads to the growth of the manufacturing industry far beyond the region thanks to chain cooperation between large companies and SMEs. South-Holland: The South Holland ecosystem includes companies as KPN, Shell, DSM and Janssen Pharmaceutical, large and innovative SMEs and leading educational and knowledge institutions that have more than Invest €3.3 billion in R&D. Bearing Cores are formed by the top campuses of Leiden and Delft, good for more than 40,000 innovative jobs, the port-industrial complex (logistics & energy), the manufacturing industry cluster on maritime and aerospace and the horticultural cluster in the Westland. South Holland trains thematically key technologies such as biotech, quantum technology and AI. Twente: The green, technological top region of Twente has a long tradition of collaboration in triple helix bandage. Technological innovations from Twente offer worldwide solutions for the large social issues. Work is in progress to key technologies such as AI, photonics, robotics and nanotechnology. New technology is applied in sectors such as medtech, the manufacturing industry, agriculture and circular value chains, such as textiles and construction. Being for Twente start-ups and SMEs of great importance to the jobs of tomorrow. Connect these companies technology from Twente with knowledge regions and OEMs, at home and abroad. Wageningen in FoodValley: Wageningen Campus is a global agri-food magnet for startups and corporates by the national accelerator StartLife and student incubator StartHub. FoodvalleyNL also connects with an ambitious 2030 programme, the versatile ecosystem regional, national and international - including through the WEF European food innovation hub. The campus offers guests and the 3,000 private R&D put in an interesting programming science, innovation and social dialogue around the challenges in agro production, food processing, biobased/circular, climate and biodiversity. The Netherlands succeeded in industrializing in logistics countries, but it is striving for sustainable growth by creating an innovative ecosystem through a regional industry-academic research model. In particular, the Brainport Cluster, centered on the high-tech industry, pursues regional innovation and is opening a new horizon for existing industry-academic models. Brainport is a state-of-the-art forward base that leads the innovation ecosystem of Dutch manufacturing. The history of ports in the Netherlands is transforming from a logistics-oriented port symbolized by Rotterdam into a "port of digital knowledge" centered on Brainport. On the basis of this, it can be seen that the industry-academic cluster model linking the central government's vision to create an innovative ecosystem and the specialized industry in the region serves as the biggest stepping stone. The Netherlands' innovation policy is expected to be more faithful to its role as Europe's "digital gateway" through regional development centered on the innovation cluster ecosystem and investment in job creation and new industries.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.69-104
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• 2009

This study is to know the Enhancement of Aviation Safety for Low Cost Carrier in Korea through the long and mid term air safety policy. Especially, the aviation safety authorities of the developed countries in aviation establish action plans under the system plan of central government. Then the countries implement those plans systematically to the related aviation business so that they promote efficient air safety policy implementation. At this time, the Korean government should present the vision about an air safety and systematic strategic plan to cope with the future aviation industry change. Also, it is needed to establish a specific aviation safety action plan. Namely, an air safety master plan and long-term road map must be established. This paper deduces some implications through the abroad cases of aviation safety plan, and then tries to find the applying method of the implications to Korea in the rapidly changing aviation market in the 21st century. It is expected that this paper will help the Korean aviation industry to play a major role in the future. In oder to get suggestions aviation policies of advanced countries with regard to aviation safety, we have looked at the aviation policies of the U.S., the U.K., Australia and Japan, and also LCC's states overseas, LCC's safety policies in Korea, and aviation safety status. Since existing LCCs and new LCCs based in Korea have become the new concept, this new market for LCC has been booming recently. Around Southeast Asia, while there are some LCCs including Air Asia which is supported by the government of Malaysia with emphasis on safety, there are other LCCs, which have failed to achieve confidence in safety and have led to aircraft accidents and financial mismanagement, so we need to verify the safety of overseas LCCs, try to improve domestic LCCs in order to fly international routes and aid international aviation safety. LCCs have been increasing lately thanks to open skies policy and a wide variety of flights.lines. Air Busan, Jin Air, Jeju air, Eastar Air are in service. so the risk of new potential hazards may increase. Therefore it is necessary to take the initiative in aviation markets inside and outside of Korea and the safety management of new LCCs should be taken more seriously than ever before. Among overseas aviation safety policies, we need to implement the FAA's Filght Plan which has a specific Business Plan. I hope this thesis will help improve aviation safety locally and internationally.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.31-41
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• 2004

Background : The cun measurement system, an essential and convenient method in locating acupoints, has been widely used in the practice of acupuncture. However, traditional cun measurement has been criticized for its lack of reliability. Objectives : The purposes of this study are to determine if one cun measured by the directional methods have a consistency with that of proportional methods and to investigate which factors are related with these differences, especially in forearm. Methods : The distance between the elbow crease and the wrist crease of forearm was compared to a reference value of one cun obtained by the directional method. In this method, one cun is one third of the distance between index finger and small finger of a subject, measured at proximal interphalangeal joint. In addition, to investigate the factors influencing the differences between these two methods, we measured the height and body weight and calculated body mass index (BMI). Finally we analyzed the factors correlated with these lengths by linear regression test. Results : The results showed that one cun obtained by the directional methods were significantly different from one cun by the proportional methods in forearm. It was demonstrated that the length acquired with the directional method was more correlated with body weight and body mass index, while the length obtained by the proportional method was more correlated with the height. Conclusion : These findings suggest that the directional method is less likely dependable in locating acupoints than the proportional method because the influencing factors are different.

• The Journal of Art Theory & Practice
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• no.9
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• pp.93-121
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• 2010

This study is about Yoo Young-kuk's early works which show constructivism, especially focus on his debut painting, for the 7th Dokuritsu Bijutsu Kyokai(獨立美術協會, the Independent Fine Arts Association) in Tokyo in 1937. The work was painted 2 years after he had started his study in Japan in 1935. It was the first painting that applied Constructivism. played an important role for Constructivism to be a leading art in his abstraction. After this picture, Yoo was soon devoted to the principles of Constructivism-- Faktura(material), Tektonika (tectonics), Tekhnika(technique), space, construction-- in his painterly reliefs. This article examined why Yoo concentrated on Constructivism for , what the characteristics were, and what influences were on other works from 1935 to 1949. In addition, I investigated in which period was painted and how Constructivism was spread in 1930s and early 1940s in chapter 2. I scrutinized Rhapsody in chapter 3. When Yoo created Japan was under the Fifteen Years War(1931-1945), and a major discourse was the Japanese Spirit at that time. It was connected with construction of an ideal nation which the Japanese ultra-national fascism pursued. This ideological pursuit was intended to unite the Japanese people for total war system and to restore a national dignity which had been fallen down due to Manchurian Incident(1931). Thus, on the hand, Kokusai Bunka Shinkokai(國際文化振興, The Society for International Cultural Relations) and the Nippon Kosaku Bunka Renmei(日本工作文化連盟, Japanese Werkbund) were supported financially by the Japanese government. On the other hand, the government enacted regulations to opposing parties which would distract Japanese people's unification. As for the Japanese art world, the merge of art groups was carried out through remodeling of Teikoku Bijutsuin(帝國美術院, The Imperial Fine Arts Academy) in 1935. This brought out continuous dispute and disorder. Young artists who felt difficulty of entering an entry of Imperial Fine Arts Exhibition repeatedly grouped and disbanded for small art groups to build their standing, which they pursued Surrealism and Abstract art. Among them Constructivism was considered as the latest trend and was popular in craft, design, architecture as well as fine arts. In the year before he painted , Avant-garde theatres including Constructivism theatre were introduced in a feature article of September, 1936 in Atelier, which was dealing with mainly avant-garde arts. Books related with Constructivism were translated into Japanese, and Gestaltung Education had become active since the publication of A Compendium of Gestaltung Education("構成敎育大系"(1934)), Salvador Dali(1904-1989) was also introduced, so Surrealism was drawn more attention by young artists. reflected popular trends. Yoo analyzed the Japanese avant-gardists' archaic taste in the Independent Art Association that he submitted his painting to. And then he entitled 'Rhapsody' which derives from Ancient Greek's epic poetry and deliberately set up images in a scene. In chapter 3, I examined a theme which was planned carefully by sorting favorite images from the Japanese Surrealism. was a result that Yoo Young-kuk observed objectively the phenomenon that young artists dreamt of Utopia or longed for Nostalgia passively and lethargically under wars. And then he otherized himself from that circumstance. First of all, for he used the typical icons of Japanese Surrealism such as the horizon, flowing clouds, and vast plain that were considered stereotypes of Arcadia. He, however distinguished himself form those Japanese Surrealists. He made his own vision about Utopia by referring Lyubov Popova(1889-1924)'s stage design. His objective point of view was expressed by positive and dynamic images of structure and human's actions. Constructivism which was attempted in had an effect on other early constructive works, and the principles of Constructivism were sought hard in reliefs, paintings, and photos.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.10-19
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• 2020

The park program can adeptly cope with the diversification of leisure needs in accordance with the changing times. The program also makes the relationship between the users and the park itself closer. For this reason, the Seoul Metropolitan Government has operated a variety of programs, beginning with the Botanical Class Program at the Namsan Outdoor Botanical Garden in 1997. The government additionally began to organize park programs by establishing the Park and Leisure Department and three Park Greenery Offices. However, research on park programs is mainly focused on park users. Therefore, this study intends to reveal the structure of the programs by studying the program operation. The specific purposes of this study are '1. Review the institutional characteristics that underlie the operation of the Park Program in Seoul by examining the relevant laws, the operation organizations, and the personnel composition, 2. Analyze the operation methods, such as procurement and the execution of the program, operation costs, and public-private cooperation methods, etc. 3. Analyze the composition and contents of the program from 2015 to 2017, and process and identify the relationship between the structure of the program operation and the program itself.' Summarizing the results obtained from the study, as far as the structure of the first program operation, the support laws were not systematic, but the operating organization was working to establish a system. The second characteristic of the operation is that most of the budget was funded by local governments, but the level of citizen involvement was low. Third, when we looked at the characteristics of the program, the number of programs increased, but they were focused on a specific theme and few programs actively used the park facilities. Based on the results, three tasks can be proposed. The first is that the 'Act on Parks and Green Spaces' should include the concepts and support for park programs. Second, there is a need to change from the ideas of the quantitative increase of programs to qualitative improvements. Lastly, it is necessary to reorganize the Green Seoul Bureau of the Seoul Metropolitan Government into a citizen-led and leisure-oriented organization to promote the park leisure culture. This study has significance, as it was conducted with a service provider, not a program user, unlike many previous park program-related studies. The results of this study will be able to contribute not only to the Seoul Metropolitan Government, but also to other local governments to suggest the direction of the management and the operation of the park for the consumer, and consequently, it will help prepare the long-term vision of parks as the closest leisure location for most citizens.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.114-118
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• 1997

Purpose: Functional MR imaging is the method of demonstrating changes in regional cerebral blood flow produced by sensory, motor, and any other tasks. Functional MR of visual cortex is performed as a patient stares a photic stimulation, so adaptable photic stimulation is necessary. The purpose of this study is to evaluate whether the size of photic stimulator can affect the degree of visual cortex activation. Materials and Methods: Functional MR imaging was performed in 5 volunteers with normal visual acuity. Photic stimulator was made by 39 light-emitting diodes on a plate, operating at 8Hz. The sizes of photic stimulator were full field, half field and focal central field. The MR imager was Siemens 1.5-T Magnetom Vision system, using standard head coil. Functional MRI utilized EPI sequence (TR/TE= 1.0/51. Omsec, matrix $No.=98{\times}128$, slice thickness=8mm) with 3sets of 6 imaging during stimulation and 6 imaging during rest, all 36 scannings were obtained. Activation images were obtained using postprocessing software(statistical analysis by Z-score), and these images were combined with T-1 weighted anatomical images. The activated signals were quantified by numbering the activated pixels, and activation a index was obtained by dividing the pixel number of each stimulator size with the sum of the pixel number of 3 study using 3 kinds of stimulators. The correlation between the activation index and the stimulator size was analysed. Results: Mean increase of signal intensities on the activation area using full field photic stimulator was about 9.6%. The activation index was greatest on full field, second on half field and smallest on focal central field in 4. The index of half field was greater than that of full field in 1. The ranges of activation index were full field 43-73%(mean 55%), half field 22-40 %(mean 32%), and focal central field 5-24%(mean 13%). Conclusion: The degree of visual cortex activation increases with the size of photic stimulator.