• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.46 no.5
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• pp.280-289
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• 2016

Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze tooth movement and arch width changes in maxillary dentition following nonextraction treatment with orthodontic mini-implant (OMI) anchorage in Class II division 1 malocclusions. Methods: Seventeen adult patients diagnosed with Angle's Class II division 1 malocclusion were treated by nonextraction with OMIs as anchorage for distalization of whole maxillary dentition. Three-dimensional virtual maxillary models were superimposed with the best-fit method at the pretreatment and post-treatment stages. Linear, angular, and arch width variables were measured using Rapidform 2006 software, and analyzed by the paired t -test. Results: All maxillary teeth showed statistically significant movement posteriorly (p < 0.05). There were no significant changes in the vertical position of the maxillary teeth, except that the second molars were extruded (0.86 mm, p < 0.01). The maxillary first and second molars were rotated distal-in ($4.5^{\circ}$, p < 0.001; $3.0^{\circ}$, p < 0.05, respectively). The intersecond molar width increased slightly (0.1 mm, p > 0.05) and the intercanine, interfirst premolar, intersecond premolar, and interfirst molar widths increased significantly (2.2 mm, p < 0.01; 2.2 mm, p < 0.05; 1.9 mm, p < 0.01; 2.0 mm, p < 0.01; respectively). Conclusions: Nonextraction treatment with OMI anchorage for Class II division 1 malocclusions could retract the whole maxillary dentition to achieve a Class I canine and molar relationship without a change in the vertical position of the teeth; however, the second molars were significantly extruded. Simultaneously, the maxillary arch was shown to be expanded with distal-in rotation of the molars.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
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• v.18B no.4
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• pp.193-200
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• 2011

This paper proposes a low-cost visual analyzer algorithm of human body motion for real-time applications such as human-computer interfacing, virtual reality applications in medicine and telemonitoring of patients. To reduce cost of its use, we design the algorithm to use a single camera. To make the proposed system to be used more conveniently, we avoid from using optical markers. To make the proposed algorithm be convenient for real-time applications, we design it to have a closed-form with high accuracy. To design a closed-form algorithm, we propose an idea that formulates motion of a human body joint as a 2D universal joint model instead of a common 3D spherical joint model, without any kins of approximation. To make the closed-form algorithm has high accuracy, we formulates the estimation process to be an optimization problem. Thus-desined algorithm is applied to each joint of the human body one after another. Through experiments we show that human body motion capturing can be performed in an efficient and robust manner by using our algorithm.

• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.28-42
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• 2021

Purposes: The objective of this study is to analyze service design process of dental clinic preventive service by using 'Double Diamond Design Process' which is user-centered for improving dental clinic management efficiency. Methodology: We examine case study that dental clinic preventive service of local dental clinic. Following the double diamond design four steps(①discover, ②define, ③develop, ④deliver), we use suitable analytic tools in each steps. In discover step, we perform observation and desk research. Next, in define step, affinity diagram, user persona, and user journey map are performed. We then make service blueprint in develop step. Finally, in deliver step, virtual scenario and confirm some outputs which are based on results of former steps are suggested. Findings: As a result of this study, waiting and consulting phases turn out that these phases are in the most trouble than others. Users(patients) have lots of complain and dissatisfaction in these phases. These touch-points will have to be modified Practical Implication: After checking this study result, it could suggest improvement schemes. To apply these, we try to make some scenarios, and finally realize some outputs. Service design has arisen to strengthen the competitiveness by reflecting user's experience and needs. Especially, service design is not typical, it is so flexible that can apply to various situation and objects. We hope that result of this study is made good use for dental clinics in need.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.51 no.6
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• pp.375-386
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• 2021

Objective: To evaluate the accuracy of a one-piece bracket jig system fabricated using computer-aided design and manufacturing (CAD/CAM) by employing three-dimensional (3D) digital superimposition. Methods: This in vitro study included 226 anterior teeth selected from 20 patients undergoing orthodontic treatment. Bracket position errors from each of the 40 arches were analyzed quantitatively via 3D digital superimposition (best-fit algorithm) of the virtual bracket and actual bracket after indirect bonding, after accounting for possible variables that may affect accuracy, such as crowding and presence of the resin base. Results: The device could transfer the bracket accurately to the desired position of the patient's dentition within a clinically acceptable range of ± 0.05 mm and 2.0° for linear and angular measurements, respectively. The average linear measurements ranged from 0.029 to 0.101 mm. Among the angular measurements, rotation values showed the least deviation and ranged from 0.396° to 0.623°. Directional bias was pronounced in the vertical direction, and many brackets were bonded toward the occlusal surface. However, no statistical difference was found for the three angular measurement values (torque, angulation, and rotation) in any of the groups classified according to crowding. When the teeth were moderately crowded, the mesio-distal, bucco-lingual, and rotation measurement values were affected by the presence of the resin base. Conclusions: The characteristics of the CAD/CAM one-piece jig system were demonstrated according to the influencing factors, and the transfer accuracy was verified to be within a clinically acceptable level for the indirect bracket bonding of anterior teeth.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.110-119
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• 2021

The Coronavirus or COVID-19 is contagiousness virus that infected almost every single part of the world. This pandemic forced a major country did lockdown and stay at a home policy to reduce virus spread and the number of victims. Interactions between humans and robots form a popular subject of research worldwide. In medical robotics, the primary challenge is to implement natural interactions between robots and human users. Human communication consists of dynamic processes that involve joint attention and attracting each other. Coordinated care involves sharing among agents of behaviours, events, interests, and contexts in the world from time to time. The robotics arm is an expensive and complicated system because robot simulators are widely used instead of for rehabilitation purposes in medicine. Interaction in natural ways is necessary for disabled persons to work with the robot simulator. This article proposes a low-cost rehabilitation system by building an arm gesture tracking system based on a depth camera that can capture and interpret human gestures and use them as interactive commands for a robot simulator to perform specific tasks on the 3D block. The results show that the proposed system can help patients control the rotation and movement of the 3D arm using their hands. The pilot testing with healthy subjects yielded encouraging results. They could synchronize their actions with a 3D robotic arm to perform several repetitive tasks and exerting 19920 J of energy (kg.m².S^-2). The average of consumed energy mentioned before is in medium scale. Therefore, we relate this energy with rehabilitation performance as an initial stage and can be improved further with extra repetitive exercise to speed up the recovery process.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.53 no.1
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• pp.69-86
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• 2023

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of digital health interventions on the psychotic symptoms among people with severe mental illness in the community. Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted in accordance with the Cochrane Intervention Research Systematic Review Manual and PRISMA. A literature search was conducted of published randomized controlled trials (RCTs) for digital health interventions from January 2022 to April 2022. RevMan software 5.3 was used for quality assessment and meta-analysis. Results: A total 14 studies out of 9,864 studies were included in the review, and 13 were included in meta-analysis. The overall effect size of digital health interventions on psychotic symptoms was - 0.21 (95% CI = - 0.32 to - 0.10). Sub-analysis showed that the reduction of the psychotic symptoms was effective in the schizophrenia spectrum group (SMD = - 0.22; 95% CI = - 0.36 to - 0.09), web (SMD = - 0.41; 95% CI = - 0.82 to 0.01), virtual reality (SMD = - 0.33; 95% CI = - 0.56 to - 0.10), mobile (SMD = - 0.15; 95% CI = - 0.28 to - 0.03), intervention period of less than 3 months (SMD = - 0.23; 95% CI = - 0.35 to - 0.11), and non-treatment group (SMD = - 0.23; 95% CI = - 0.36 to - 0.11). Conclusion: These findings suggest that digital health interventions alleviate psychotic symptoms in patients with severe mental illnesses. However, well-designed digital health studies should be conducted in the future.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.192-203
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• 2023

Digital therapeutics based on software, such as artificial intelligence, virtual reality, games, and smartphone applications, are in the spotlight as new therapeutic alternatives in child and adolescent psychiatry. It draws attention to overcoming conventional therapeutics' limitations, such as toxicity, cost, and accessibility, and encourages patients to participate in the treatment attractively. The growth potential of the digital therapeutics market for psychiatric disorders in children and adolescents in Korea and abroad has been highlighted. Clinical studies and Food and Drug Administration approvals for digital therapeutics have increased, and cases approved by the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety have emerged in Korea. As seen above, digital transformation in child and adolescent psychiatry will change treatment paradigms significantly. Therefore, as this new field has just begun to emerge, it is necessary to verify the effectiveness and scope of the application of digital therapeutics and consider preparing a compensation system and institutional arrangements. Accordingly, this study analyzed the development trends and application status of digital therapeutics in children and adolescents and presented limitations and development directions from the perspective of application in healthcare. Further, the study is expected to identify the utility and limitations of digital therapeutics for children and adolescents and establish effective application measures.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.84 no.1
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• pp.170-184
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• 2023

Purpose To assess the magnitude of differences between attenuation values of the true non-contrast image (TNC) and virtual non-contrast image (VNC) derived from twin-beam dual-energy CT (tbDECT) and dual-source DECT (dsDECT). Materials and Methods This retrospective study included 62 patients who underwent liver dynamic DECT with tbDECT (n = 32) or dsDECT (n = 30). Arterial VNC (AVNC), portal VNC (PVNC), and delayed VNC (DVNC) were reconstructed using multiphasic DECT. Attenuation values of multiple intra-abdominal organs (n = 11) on TNCs were subsequently compared to those on multiphasic VNCs. Further, we investigated the percentage of cases with an absolute difference between TNC and VNC of ≤ 10 Hounsfield units (HU). Results For the mean attenuation values of TNC and VNC, 33 items for each DECT were compared according to the multiphasic VNCs and organs. More than half of the comparison items for each DECT showed significant differences (tbDECT 17/33; dsDECT 19/33; Bonferroni correction p < 0.0167). The percentage of cases with an absolute difference ≤ 10 HU was 56.7%, 69.2%, and 78.6% in AVNC, PVNC, and DVNC in tbDECT, respectively, and 70.5%, 78%, and 78% in dsDECT, respectively. Conclusion VNCs derived from the two DECTs were insufficient to replace TNCs because of the considerable difference in attenuation values.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.11
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• pp.374-380
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• 2017

In this study, we analyzed the situation of the 119 emergency medical service zone of H town, countryside of Y city from January 1st, 2015 to December 31st, 2016 and then, on the basis of this analysis, we investigated the present condition of the patient-transportation service of the 119 emergency medical service to provide the basic data in order for patients to use the emergency medical service more efficiently. We analyzed the data with SPSS 21.0 using frequency analysis and, after positioning the virtual 119 emergency medical service, we analyzed the data of the transportation time and transportation distance by using GIS. The results of this study show that the use of the 119 emergency medical service for people over 65 years old represents approximately 57% of the total number of patients transported, The average distance and time of the real moving reaction are 6.41 km and 11.86 min, respectively. The distance and time from the pick-up location to the hospital are 18.24 km and 21.52 min, respectively. Given the present position of the 119 emergency medical service, the results of this analysis using GPS show that the (average) distance and time from the 119 emergency medical service to Jang * Ri town are 9.12 km and 12 min, and the (average) total distance and time to arrive at the hospital after the emergency medical service picks up the patient are 36.83 km and 62 min, respectively. In the case of the virtual emergency medical service, the total distance and time required to arrive at the hospital after the emergency medical service picks up the patient are 27.71km and 50min, respectively. The results of this study showed that the present position of the 119 emergency service does not provide the optimum distance and time from the patient's location to the hospital. Therefore, we consider that the repositioning of the 119 emergency medical center is necessary, in order to reduce the time required for the emergency medical service to move to the patient's location and then bring the patient to the hospital.

• The Journal of Korean Society for Radiation Therapy
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• v.34
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• pp.7-12
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• 2022

Purpose: When it is difficult to secure the skin dose when treating Irregularly Shaped Skin Surface such as the nose where it is difficult to apply a bolus, increase the skin dose with a treatment plan that combines the IMRT (Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy) delivery technique and FFF (Flattening Filter Free), It was tried to find out whether or not through the phantom experiment. Materials & Methods: Based on the 6MV-FF (Flattening Filter) and VMAT (Volumetric-Modulated Arc Therapy) treatment plans, which are the most commonly used treatment plans for head and neck cancer, A comparison group was created by combining VMAT and IMRT, FF and FFF, and the presence or absence of 5 mm bolus application. A virtual target was created on the Rando Phantom's nose, and a virtual bolus of 5 mm was applied assuming full contact on the Rando Phantom's nose. Five measurement points were determined based on the phantom's nose, and the absorbed dose was measured by irradiating each treatment plan 3 times per treatment plan according to the treatment technique and whether or not the bolus was applied. Result: The difference in skin dose in FF vs FFF increased in the case of FFF in VMAT bolus off, and there was no difference in case of IMRT bolus off. In VMAT bolus 5 mm and IMRT bolus 5 mm, it was confirmed that the skin dose was rather decreased in FFF. The difference in skin dose between VMAT and IMRT increased only in the case of FFF bolus off, and there was no statistical difference in the rest. For the difference in skin dose between bolus off vs bolus 5 mm, it was confirmed that the skin dose increased at bolus 5 mm, except for the case of using IMRT FFF. The treatment plan combining IMRT and FFF did not find any statistically significant difference as a result of analyzing the measured values of the treatment plan skin dose applied with a 5 mm bolus using the commonly used VMAT and FF. Therefore, it is thought that by using IMRT_FFF, it is possible to deliver a skin dose similar to that of applying a 5 mm bolus to VMAT_FF, which can be useful for patients who need a high skin dose but have difficulty applying a bolus. Conclusion: For patients who find it difficult to apply bolus, an increase in skin dose can be expected with a treatment plan that properly combines IMRT and FFF compared to VMAT and FF.