• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.12 no.8
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• pp.1-12
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• 2012

We develop the Spatio-Temporal Graph to imbue the historical context to the situations in a virtual world, and an ontology to enable a structural description of their elements such as the objects, relationships, and activities. In the time dimension the graph models all the temporal phases of the future besides the past and present in a comprehensive manner, and all the spatial aspects in an intuitive but efficient fashion. The overall architecture composing the Physical Layer, Logical Layer and Conceptual Layer which are integrated according to their interrelations allows events occurring in their corresponding worlds to be simulated in historical context. The S-T Graph could be used both to simulate the situations in the virtual world and to realize the knowledge systems of the virtual inhabitants to be used in judging and evaluating those situations. By adding temporal changes to the multi-layered architecture of our virtual world, this model lays a foundation for maximizing the diversity of situations in the simulation of a virtual world.

• Journal of the Korea Computer Graphics Society
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.11-20
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• 2018

Applications about systems integration of sensors and virtual environments have been developed increasingly. Accordingly, there is a need for the ability to represent, control, and manage physical sensors directly in a 3D virtual environment. In this research, a method of representing physical sensor devices in a 3D virtual environment has been defined using mixed and augmented reality, including virtual and real worlds, where sensors and virtual objects co-exist. The research is intended to control and manage various physical sensors through data sharing and interchange between heterogeneous computing environments. In order to achieve this, general sensor types have been classified, and a sensor based 3D scene graph for representing the functions of sensors has been defined. In addition, a sensor data model has been defined using the scene graph. Finally, a sensor 3D viewer has been implemented based on the scene graph and the data model so as to simulate the functions of sensors in indoor and outdoor 3D environments.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.13 no.11
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• pp.5512-5526
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• 2019

In sports video games, especially ball games, motion capture techniques are used to reproduce the ball-driven performances. The amount of motion data needed to create different situations in which athletes exchange balls is bound to increase exponentially with resolution. This paper proposes how avatars in virtual worlds can not only imitate professional athletes in ball games, but also create and edit their actions effectively. First, various ball-handling movements are recorded using motion sensors. We do not really have to control an actual ball; imitating the motions is enough. Next, motion is created by specifying what to pass the ball through, and then making motion to handle the ball in front of the motion sensor. The ball's occupant then passes the ball to the user-specified target through a motion that imitates the user's, and the process is repeated. The method proposed can be used as a convenient user interface for motion based games for players who handle balls.

• The Journal of Korea Robotics Society
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.122-130
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• 2019

Collecting a rich but meaningful training data plays a key role in machine learning and deep learning researches for a self-driving vehicle. This paper introduces a detailed overview of existing open-source simulators which could be used for training self-driving vehicles. After reviewing the simulators, we propose a new effective approach to make a synthetic autonomous vehicle simulation platform suitable for learning and training artificial intelligence algorithms. Specially, we develop a synthetic simulator with various realistic situations and weather conditions which make the autonomous shuttle to learn more realistic situations and handle some unexpected events. The virtual environment is the mimics of the activity of a genuine shuttle vehicle on a physical world. Instead of doing the whole experiment of training in the real physical world, scenarios in 3D virtual worlds are made to calculate the parameters and training the model. From the simulator, the user can obtain data for the various situation and utilize it for the training purpose. Flexible options are available to choose sensors, monitor the output and implement any autonomous driving algorithm. Finally, we verify the effectiveness of the developed simulator by implementing an end-to-end CNN algorithm for training a self-driving shuttle.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.855-860
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• 2022

Today, the metaverse is understood as a concept in which the boundaries between the real and the virtual are blurring and the economic, social, and cultural activities of the real and virtual worlds are interconnected. In this study, we intend to examine the current status of the metaverse platform at home and abroad. Through this, if we can confirm the current location of the metaverse platform in Korea, we will try to identify the field of metaverse application suitable for the domestic situation. In addition, we will try to find ethical problems among the problems of the metaverse that developed rapidly. This will serve as a basis for finding solutions when using the Metaverse platform in the future.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.273-283
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• 2024

The digital domain has witnessed unprecedented growth, reshaping the way we interact, work, and even perceive reality. The internet has evolved into a vast ecosystem of interconnected virtual worlds, giving birth to the concept of the Metaverse. The Metaverse, often envisioned as a collective virtual shared space, is created by the convergence of virtually enhanced physical reality and interactive digital spaces. Within this Metaverse space, the concept of ownership, identity, and authenticity takes on new dimensions, necessitating innovative solutions to safeguard individual rights. The digital transformation through Metaverse has also brought forth challenges, especially in copyright protection. As the lines between the virtual and physical blur, the traditional notions of ownership and rights are being tested. The Metaverse, with its multitude of user-generated content, poses unique challenges. The primary objective of this research is multifaceted. Firstly, there's a pressing need to understand the strategies employed by non-fungible token (NFT) marketplaces within the Metaverse to strengthen security and prevent copyright violations. As these platforms become centers for digital transactions, ensuring the authenticity and security of each trade becomes paramount. Secondly, the study aims to delve deep into the foundational technologies underpinning NFTs, from the workings of blockchain to the mechanics of smart contracts, to understand how they collectively ensure copyright protection. Thus, in this paper, we propose a quantum based NFT solution that can secure Metaverse and copyright contents in an advanced manner.

• The Korean Journal of Archival Studies
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• no.74
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• pp.119-153
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• 2022

Metaverse combines the real and virtual worlds to create a world where all experiences and activities in the real world are possible even in the virtual world without time and space constraints. Currently, metaverse technology is expanding and converging into the realms of society, economy, and culture. In particular, the MZ generation, the main user base, is engaged in various cultural activities such as games, contents, culture, exhibitions, and performances in the metaverse world. Archives, one of the cultural institutions, should provide a new type of service by fusion of Archival information services with metaverse technology so that the MZ generation can know the value and meaning of archives. This will arouse the interest of the MZ generation, which will naturally increase the awareness of the archives, increase visits and use, and will serve as an opportunity to expand the user base. Therefore, in this study, the concept, type, and characteristics of each service were examined, and the representative metaverse platform for each service was selected and a platform utilization plan suitable for Archival information services such as exhibition, experience, and publicity was proposed. In addition, by using 'Spatial', a blockchain-based social metaverse platform, to directly produce exhibition contents, we want to check the considerations suggested, the production process, and the advantages of the metaverse exhibition.

• Journal of Digital Contents Society
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• v.19 no.9
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• pp.1653-1662
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• 2018

Inspired by the increasing popularity of cosmetic-related mobile application as a tool for instant beautification, the present study examined colors of virtual makeup templates and makeup looks. A survey study was performed by thirty-six respondents to determine the top three desirable virtual makeup templates among nineteen templates. The templates of 'Bella', 'Hilary' and 'Cara' were then analyzed by makeup specialists and color experts for the evaluation of their makeup design and colors. Each color feature of three makeup templates were also evaluated through statistical analysis of ANOVA on the measure of $L^*a^*b^*$ crossed with five types of face elements on three types of virtual makeup images. Overall results indicate that Korean female users in their 20s and 30s preferred a similar makeup concept appeared in makeup template and key worlds. They also preferred a pale skin tone with higher lightness and a slightly higher saturated lip color as an emphasis than other features.

• Archives of design research
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.303-312
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• 1998

Recently, with the excessive uses of Internet, virtual spaces for the on-line introduced VRML are emerging. The inhabited virtual world includes a complex process and human experiences. The VR interactivity is now being examined, and it is the important aspect for creating VR application which may include navigating the virtual world, turning features on and off, and interacting with other users. Therefore, the study of this field is favored with a competitive advantage to the present and future multimedia designer. Thus, the subject of this thesis is for the design of virtual world, focusing on interactivity. The contents include the types of the VR interactivity, and their classifying and studying, according to the existing theories based on the literature and web sites. The types are for the user navigation, for the user interactions with other users and objects, and for the creation of metaphors. As the results of this study, it is suggested the effective application and the proposal.

• Journal of Korea Game Society
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.35-44
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• 2017

Recent years have witnessed a surging popularity of games based on augmented reality and virtual reality. While old games embody virtual reality within the game platform, recent popular games based on augmented reality and virtual reality incorporate reality into virtual worlds. They present a new genre that is unprecedented, combined with what gamers have a passionate desire for, and thus provide new experiences. Good examples include smartphone games that were the game changer of the gaming industry in 2010 and the sensational $Pok{\acute{e}}mon$ Go that is gaining popularity nowadays. This study, thus, set out to analyze "gaming act(GA)" directly connected to the experiences of gamers to shed light on games as experiential content. The study analyzed gaming acts based on Park Sang-woo (2009) and assumed that gaming acts would change greatly according to the degree of real space intervening in game space; thus, examining changes to the gaming acts of games in two aspects of realizing virtual space from imaginations in game space and reproducing virtual space in real space.