• 복식
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• 제60권6호
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• pp.62-73
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• 2010

The purpose of this thesis is to make an effective Korean Hip Hop culture and suggest a new style direction in classifying the types of fashion styles of the Hip Hop musicians and studying their features. They are surveyed in stage costumes, hair styles, make-ups, accessaries, and total fashion styles, and then classified into Normal Hip Hop Style, Casual Hip Hop Style, Sporty Hip Hop Style, Mix & Match Hip Hop Style, and Classical Hip Hop Style. The results of the study are as follows: First, Normal Hip Hop Style is the most general and universal Hip Hop fashion type. They wear clothes in bigger sizes and exaggeratively. And also a cornrow hair style, a tattoo, and a piercing represent marked individualities. Second, Casual Hip Hop Style is more active and practical than Normal Hip Hop Style. Their blue jeans and T-shirts express more simple and polished style. And also they make variable fashion styles and hair styles such as a cornrow hair and a buzz cut. Third, Sporty Hip Hop Style is from B-boy's clothes when they do active and violent break dancing. As NBA basketball games are popular, they wear training clothes, breeches, big T-shirts, and jumpers & caps on embroidered sport team's names. Their hair style is short or natural and also they have caps or hoods to present active mood. Fourth, Mix & Match Hip Hop Style is existed variable elements in one style. The typical type of this style is jacket & blue jean. It is characterized by dress shirts, neck ties, blue jeans, sneakers, beards, and moustaches. Fifth, Classical Hip Hop Style is from African Americans. They try to express assimilated appearance of Anglo-Saxons. They wear black suits, shoes, hats, and sunglasses to represent formality and elegance. In the above results, there are variable fashion styles in one Hip Hop music genre and also fashion style is changed with musical inclination. This thesis is an important guide to produce variable and creative Hip Hop fashion styles in Korean Hip Hop culture.

• 한국간호교육학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.393-401
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• 2020

Purpose: This study aimed to identify attitude and knowledge level on post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among nursing and paramedic students. Methods: A questionnaire survey was conducted from December 1st to 20th in 2019. A total of 210 students participated from two universities in Korea. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-tests and one-way analysis of variance. Results: Students were positive about the government's spending on PTSD treatment (91.4%), and professional training (92.4%). PTSD patients were considered to be more dangerous (68.1%) and violent (42.4%) than the general population. There were no significant differences in attitude and general knowledge on PTSD between nursing and paramedic students. However, general knowledge on PTSD differed according to education experience on PTSD (t=2.04, p=.043). Knowledge scores for PTSD treatment differed significantly according to the academic major (t=2.02, p=.044), and education experience on PTSD (t=2.87, p=.005). Conclusions: The results of this study indicate nursing and paramedic students lack knowledge on PTSD. Therefore, developing curriculum regarding PTSD-related contents in undergraduate and continuing education in both departments is needed to provide better quality health care to people with PTSD.

• 시큐리티연구
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• 제53호
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• pp.187-208
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• 2017

본 연구는 종합병원 경비업무현장에서 병원 시설의 경비업무와 의료진, 환자 및 보호자 등의 내방객의 안전에까지 종합적인 경비업무를 수행 하고 있는 종합병원 경비업무 경비원들이 현재 인지하고 있는 문제점들을 바탕으로 종합병원 경비업무의 발전방안을 모색하는데 목적이 있다. 이러한 연구의 목적을 달성하기 위해 종합병원 경비업무에 6년 이상 종사하고 있는 현장전문가 9명에게 면담조사를 실시하여 자료를 분석하였다. 종합병원 경비업무를 수행하고 있는 종합병원 경비업무경비원들은 종합병원 경비업무의 발전방안을 다음과 같이 제시하였다. 첫째, 종합병원 경비업무 경비원들은 업무현장의 성격에 알맞은 신임교육 프로그램을 이수하여야 한다. 둘째, 종합병원 경비업무 경비원 직무교육도 실질적인 상황에 맞는 교육내용으로 프로그램의 개선이 필요하다. 셋째, 종합병원 경비업무 경비원들에게는 추가적으로 CS교육과 CPR 및 제세동기 사용법등의 응급상황 대처요령과 전염성 질병대처교육 등이 진행되어져야 한다. 넷째, 종합병원에서의 난동 및 폭력 행사자에 대한 대응범위가 구체적으로 명시되어져야 할 것이다. 다섯째, 경비협회에서는 종합병원경비업무의 발전을 위하여 경비원들을 위한 적극적인 프로그램 개발 및 다양한 노력이 필요하다. 여섯째, 종합병원 경비업무에 대한 인식 전환이 필요하며, 하도급에 의한 계약방식보다는 직접고용의 형태가 필요시 되어 진다.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.167-181
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• 2012

This study analyzed consumer's harsh complaining behaviors and firm's reactions toward consumers' harsh complaining behavior, and investigated the differences in the firms' reactions according to the characteristics of counselors and customer service centers. In addition, this study attempted to find a strategy and provide guidance regarding consumer's harsh complaining behaviors. The results of this study are discussed below. First, consumer's harsh complaining attitudes were expressed by crude language, violent language, threats, personal attacks, and claims of a high-ranking social position. Consumer's directive, complaining behaviors were repeated on the telephone, and threats of prosecution or disclosure to the public, exposure of habitual product returns, and requests for interviews with superiorsat the representative firm were made. Second, a firm typologies according to its reaction style toward a consumer's harsh complaining behaviors were as follows: Group 1, having a neutral attitude toward consumers and preparation thoroughly regarding their demands; Group 2, having a negative attitude toward consumers and some degree of preparation toward consumers' demands; and finally, Group 3, having a positive attitude toward consumers but offering insufficient reparation regarding consumers' demands. Third, female counselors, counselors having a certified counselor's license, and those much experience working in labor work were more likely to be in Group 3. Male counselors, part-time counselors, and those having experience of many years were more likely to be in Group 2. Group 1 were more likely to have large number of workers at customer service centers, male counselors, and to have large numbers of educational training programs related to the reactions of consumers in the form of dissatisfaction, complaints, how to offer compensation for injuries to consumers, and issues related to PL(product liability). In addition, Group 1 also had more firm level welfare policies related to hight stress levels of consumer counselors and extra types of support regarding harsh consumers. However, Group 2 members were more likely to provide excessive compensation and rewards to harsh consumers. Finally, to react to consumer's harsh complaint efficiently, it was suggested that firms should not treat consumers as harsh consumers, should react to consumers' complaints sincerely, and should take precautionary management efforts as regards consumer dissatisfaction based on better quality control of products. In addition, it was deemed necessary to formulate a management strategy to train competent consumer counselors with a high quality of counselor skill, having standardized and consistent reaction guidance toward consumer complaints and thorough knowledge of compensation rules for consumer injuries and subsequent guidance.

• 시큐리티연구
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• 제1호
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• pp.351-370
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• 1997

This study concerns possible measures to prevent separatists' terrorist acts against overseas Korean businessmen. Of late, many Korean enterprises are helping a number of foreign countries develop their economy, by building factories and manning regional offices in those countries. But recent development of terrorism especially against Korean businessmen is alarming. This report discusses the need for Korean enterprises heading overseas to prepare themselves with awareness of terrorism and possible protective measures against it, besides their routine pursuance of profits; and for the government and prospective enterprises to refrain from investing in those countries having active separatist movements. If an investment has become inevitable, a careful survey of the region in conflict should be conducted and self-protective measures should be put in place through security information exchange, emergency coordination and training of personnel, etc. This study will first review the past terrorist incidents involving employees of overseas Korean enterprises, and then will focuss on seeking effective measures on the basis of the reported incidents. In carrying out the study, related literature from both home and abroad have been used along with the preliminary materials reported and known on the Internet from recent incidents. 1. The separatist movements of minority groups Lately, minority separatist groups are increasingly resorting to terrorism to draw international attention with the political aim of gaining extended self rule or independence. 2. The state of terrorism against overseas Korean enterprises and Koreans Korean enterprises are now operating businesses, and having their own personnel stationed, in 85 countries including those in South East Asia and Middle East regions. In Sri Lanka, where a Korean enterprise recently became a target of terrorist bombing, there are 75 business firms from Korea and some 700 Korean employees are stationed as of August 1996. A total of 19 different terrorist incidents have taken place against Koreans abroad since 1990. 3. Terrorism preventive measures Terrorism preventive measures are discussed in two ways: measures by the government and by the enterprises. ${\blacktriangleleft}$ Measures by the government - Possible measures at governmental level can include collection and dissemination of terrorist activity information. Emphasis should be given to the information on North Korean activities in particular. ${\blacktriangleleft}$ Measures by individual enterprises - Organizational security plan must be established by individual enterprises and there should also be an increase of security budget. A reason for reluctant effort toward positive security plan is the perception that the security budget is not immediately linked to an increment of profit gain. Ensuring safety for overseas personnel is a fundamental obligation of an enterprise. Consultation and information exchange on security plan, and an emergency support system at a threat to security must be sought after and implemented. 4. Conclusion Today's terrorism varies widely depending on reasons and causes, and its means has become increasingly informationalized and scientific as well while its method is becoming more clandestine and violent. Terrorist organizations are increasingly aiming at enterprises for acquisition of budgets needed for their activities. Korean enterprises have extended their business realm to foreign countries since 1970, exposing themselves to terrorism. Enterprises and their employees, therefore, should establish their own security measures on the one hand while the government must provide general measures, on the other, for the protection of the life and property of Korean residents abroad from terrorist attacks. In this regard, set-up of a counter terrorist organization that coordinates the efforts of government authorities in various levels in planning and executing counter terrorist measures is desired. Since 1965, when the hostile North Korea began to step up its terrorist activities against South Koreans, there have been 7 different occasions of assassination attempt on South Korean presidents and some 500 cases of various kidnappings and attempted kidnappings. North Korea, nervous over the continued economic growth and social stabilization of South Korea, is now concentrating its efforts in the destruction and deterioration of the national power of South Korea for its earlier realization of reunification by force. The possibility of North Korean terrorism can be divided into external terrorist acts and internal terrorist acts depending on the nationality of the terrorists it uses. The external terrorist acts include those committed directly by North Korean agents in South Korea and abroad and those committed by dissident Koreans, hired Korean residents, or international professionals or independent international terrorists bought or instigated by North Korea. To protect the life and property of Korean enterprises and their employees abroad from the threat of terrorism, the government's administrative support and the organizational efforts of enterprises should necessarily be directed toward the planning of proper security measures and training of employees. Also, proper actions should be taken against possible terrorist acts toward Korean business employees abroad as long as there are ongoing hostilities from minority groups against their governments.

• 시큐리티연구
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• 제2호
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• pp.259-289
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• 1999

The Security Industry has dynamic working conditions. So this study intends to find the advisable direction for the reduction of accidents. To achieve the aim, the investigation of documents and the examinations of actual proofs have been done to figure the theoretical background and to see the basic knowledge of security industry. The questionnaire was composed of two question sheets to search real data and actual proofs, with making targets of pure security organization and personnel. The one consists of 9 questions to find the scale and extent of security organizations and the population and character of security personnel, and the other 25 questions in 3 major areas to analyze the causes, the frequency rates, the factors, and the condition of accidents. The period of survey was July 15th to October 15th in 1997 by mail/telephone/interview. The questionnaires were efficiently returned from 102 different organizations including the public security groups of Seoul Metropolitan Police Bureau and so on, with the information of 8,222 persons having worked for Korean Security Industry in 1996. So being based on the reality, some meaningful facts were found, and were compared with the national statistics of the Government. This study is made up of 5 chapters : in the 1st chapter the motivation, the object, the method, the direction and the limitation of the approach were presented ,in the 2nd chapter the theoretical background were inferred ; in the 3rd chapter the collected data of accidents in Korean Security Industry were analyzed and explained on the base of the questionnaires , in the 4th chapter the advisable facts connected with preventing accidents were mentioned ; in the last the conclusion were stated. With the replies of 102 different organizations including the information of 8,222 persons in 1996, the main facts found or analyzed through this study are as follows. Firstly, accident is an unpredictable and occasional event. It occurs to man and/or thing, but the frequency rate of accidents in Korean Government and other Institutes has been calculated and evaluated only in the point of the accident related with man. Secondly, the factors of accidents are firstly relevant to the way preventing accidents in Security Industry in Korea. However the frequency rate is academically calculated and evaluated by at once man(population) and hour(time). But the Government has done the rate only by man(population). This can be improper and inaccurate rates. Thirdly, the confused concept of security is used in Korean Government, academic society, corporation and so on. Therefore the detailed formation of the concept is needed for the development of Security Industry in Korea. Fourthly, security organizations can be classified into 'public security(public law enforcement)' and 'private security' according to its identification, and furthermore 'private security' can be divided into 'facilities-guard service', 'body-guard service', and 'patrol service' according to its major role. Fifthly, in the viewpoint of the number of both organization and population,'facilities-guard service' is centered in Korean 'private security'. According to the analyzed results of the questionnaires in this study, the frequency rate of accidents of Korean Security Industry is 0.43(%) totally in 1996 : 'facilities-guard service' 0.54(%), 'body-guard service' 0.12(%), and 'patrol service' 0.21(%) in 'private security', and 'public security' 0.20(%). With regard to the accident frequency rate of organization and population, 'facilities-guard service' is the highest. The accident frequency rate of population in 'facilities-guard service' organization ranges dispersively from 0.20(%) to 11.11(%). Sixthly, the accidented rate of workers having serviced for under one year is 57.6(%). This can mean that the main factor of accidents in Korean Security Industry is the lack of role-understanding and training/education. And another factor can be found on the time of accident occurrence. Many accidents have been occurred on the relaxed points like as just after lunch and morning rush-hour. Lastly, the major advisable facts related to preventing accidents are as follows : The workers who are over fifty years old in 'facilities-guard service' organization need to be educated for preventing accidents ; It is desirable that the training and education to prevent accidents should be practiced in the time of pre-service ; As the style of accidents and the age of the accidented are not same according to major service area('public security' and 'private security' : 'facilities-guard service', 'body-guard service', and 'patrol service'), the plans to prevent accidents must be different and various. However fracture and bruise are general accidents in Korean Security Industry ; Workers must care about traffic accident and violent fall ; It seems that the grouped working with other two persons will reduce accident occurrence possibility rather than individually single working.

• 시큐리티연구
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• 제29호
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• pp.193-222
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• 2011

우리나라는 2010년 11월, 서울에서 'G20 정상회의'를 큰 문제없이 성공적으로 개최한 바 있으나 그 후 북한은 연평도 포격사건을 일으킨 바 있으며, 북핵문제로 갈등을 겪으면서 남북 간 경색국면이 가중되고 있는 시점에서 국제회의 행사의 하나인 '핵 안보정상회의'를 개최하게 되므로 개최의미가 매우 크다. '핵 안보정상회의'의 참가국은 47개국으로 우리나라에서 개최한 ASEM, APEC, G20 정상회의 참가국 수 보다 많으며, 핵 관련 3개 국제기구인 UN, IAEA, EU도 초청하는 대규모 국제회의 행사이다. 따라서 성공적인 '핵 안보정상회의'의 개최는 우리나라의 국격을 한 단계 높이는 계기가 될 것이며, 북핵문제 해결에도 도움이 될 개연성이 있는 중요한 국제행사인 것이다. 반면에, 외국에서 개최한 국제 정상회의와 마찬가지로 내년 4월에 개최 예정인 '핵 안보정상회의'에서도 폭력적인 반(反)세계화 시위가 있을 것에 대비해야 한다. 본 연구는 1999년부터 2009년까지 10년간 외국에서 개최된 다자간 국제회의 시 집회시위 사례분석을 통하여 문제점을 도출하여 이를 토대로 내년 4월, 개최예정인 '핵 안보정상회의' 시 집회시위에 관한 안전관리 방안을 모색해 보는데 연구의 목적이 있다. 본 연구에서 제시한 안전관리 방안으로는 첫째, 행사관련 정 첩보 수집 및 검문검색 강화, 둘째, 국내 NGO에 대한 선무활동 강화 및 법적장치의 보완, 셋째, 대국민 홍보활동의 강화, 넷째, 진압요원의 조기차출로 교육훈련 및 비상대책 강화 등이다. '핵 안보정상회의시' 비상대책의 수단으로 군사지원대책을 보다 적극적으로 추진해야 하며, 행사에 임박하여서는 국방부와 협조하여 전 후방 군사대비태세를 보다 강화하고, 화생방테러에 대비하여 화생방 탐지 및 제독업무도 지원해야 한다.