• Journal of The Korean Digital Architecture Interior Association
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.5-12
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• 2013

Conceptual and technical design designated as digital architecture has been discussed with disorderly meaning as a conception only. Thus, this study aims at verification of development possibility for the digital architecture by analyzing how works of Frank Gehry have effect on nonlinearity of the digital architecture. Nonlinear characteristics appeared on works of Frank Gehry analyzed on the basis of expression techniques and modeling principle are as follows: 1) Initial works show a trend to gradually change and develop from horizontal and vertical linear structure to nonlinear pattern. 2) From a nonlinear modeling principle, initial works appear the primary deformation elements only, while afterwards, they are gradually developing to a pattern to mix the primary and secondary deformation elements as introduction of digital architecture. 3) Through specific cases, Frank Gehry has conducted attempts with various method for nonlinear pattern expression. 4) From the initial works to the latest works, continuity becomes higher and changed to nonlinear pattern. This study is significant from a viewpoint that it has verified development possibility of digital architecture by analyzing nonlinear trend of digital architecture for Frank Gehry and it is required to conduct multilateral researches related to the digital architecture.

• Archives of design research
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• v.9
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• pp.701-712
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• 1994

We are in the process of the deepening of the informationalized society. Such a phenomenon(of deepening of the informationalized society) means that human being is surrounded by a linguistic or semiological environment instead of realistic experience. And it is concerned with the visual design composed by the visual languages and semiotics of Arts. Because the visual design is a kind of the linguisticsmion using the visual formation. This penomena necessarily brings the expansion of the quatity of information and accompanies the simplification of messages. Therefore when we apply the simplicity resulting from the ideality of KYEORE painting(the folk Art of Korea), it can be cotribute to those who should be in the center of semiological environment more deeply as a source to maximize the effect of communication, which is the conclusion of this study. In sort, the characteristics of our KYEORE painting is the ideal expression. There are found not a few problems such as the depiction of forms, the perspective representation, the chiaroscuro, the expression of material if we evaluate them from the western formative viewpoint. But the depiction of the fact is less direct than the ideal expression itself, is likely to be much complicated, and can be far away from the world of reality. Because it is just the first step for satisfying the ideal images in man. In the composition of KYEORE painting is dominated by the rules nonprescription of time amd place, colloquialism of the meaning, distinction maximization. They are all the compositive characteristics resulting from the ideality. If these characteristics are modulated intelligently to the current thoughts, they will help to build the new visual communication system of Korea which has more direct and fast absorption force.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.19
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• pp.271-293
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• 2010

Japanese Give and Receive Verbs are divided into "YARU", "MORAU" and "KURERU". These are influenced by the subject, speaker's viewpoint and meaning. Three verbs are used in a different way depending on who is the giver and who is the taker. I analyze "YARU" and "KURERU" Verbs used in TOUSEISYOUSEIKATAGI. It focus on politeness, gender, and meaning when combined with 'TE'. As an expression of politeness, 'Yaru' is to give to a person of lower social status or an animal or plant. 'Ageru' is to give to an equal ora person of lower social status nowadays. However, 'Ageru' which is treated as elegance of the language remained expression of respect, 'Yaru' is used when the receiver is a person of lower social status and equal social status in TOUSEISYOUSEIKATAGI. 'Kureru' is used when the receiver is a person of lower social status and equal social status, 'kudasaru' is used when a person of higher social status gives the speaker something in TOUSEISYOUSEIKATAGI. Women speakers use 'oyarinasai' 'oyariyo' 'ageru' 'okureru' and men speakers use 'yaru' 'kureru'. Speech patterns peculiar to men are 'kuretamae' 'kurenka'. If the verbs are joined to "TE", they obtain abstract meaning as well as a movement of things. They express some modality for action of the preceeding verbs. The modality has the following meanings ; good will, goodness, benefits, kindness, hopeness, expectation, disadvantage, injury, ill will and sarcasm. In addition, 'TE YARU' expresses the speaker's strong will, 'TE KURERU' expresses the speaker's request.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.51-60
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• 2011

Analysis of trend by various information is systematically approached by strategy differentiating in Interior Design. At the present, trend is approached by intuitive viewpoint without systematic strategy and analysis system about interior coordination activity. And, it is not still established specific systematic architecture of the interior coordination by logical and academical approach. This Study set the goal at overall understanding about the Trend that shifting fast and offering objective data. Therefore, I approached the semiology-oriented process as the most suitable academical system on analysis of interior coordination trend. Object target of analysis was investigated to three domestic and overseas exhibitions announced from 2007 to 2008. These analysis was based on the context and text from the life style and the major determinant theme of the age of each exhibition. Also, it was arranged color, material and texture by the related expression system with topics and theme keywords. And it'll be considered as utilizing the code of specific application in interior coordination which is from the investigating about exhibition. Therefore, this study will be expected to help in meaning transmission and methodology establishment by more beneficial objective system, when designer work the interior coordination practically through the establishment of systematic viewpoint about interior coordination.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Navigation
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.19-31
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• 1992

The Navigational System is the Fundamental System of Port Transportation System and comprises 3 Subsystems, say, the Waterway System, the Shiphandling System and the Support System. The Waterway System of Navigational System is the important and fundamental System for Traffic Safety inside the Port like a Car Road System on Land. This study aims to make a Guideline for the Optimal Waterway System of Port Development and Safety. The Conclusion of this Paper are drawn : 1) The complicated Shiphandling Operations should be avoided for the period of Physical night Time for eliminating the Human Errors. 2) For the Maneuverability and all-weather Combined Piloting the Inside Turn Point Buoy and Begin the-turn Buoy should be mounted with Racon(T) and Radar Reflector for foggy and bad weathers. 3) The Seabuoy located in the Approaching Area for Pilot Station and making Landfall should be mounted with Racon(G) and Morese A Light for giving a Hint of Pilot Station to the Captain on the Bridge, and these Equipments of Racon and Light should be operated normally and effectively even in a Heavy and stormy weathers. 4) A Basic Practical Expression, 1/2 L sin D, for calculating the Extra Width of Cutoff Turn Regions was derived Originally from the Viewpoint of Turn Maneuvers and Maneuverability of the Ship.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.10 no.9
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• pp.496-503
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• 2010

The art education in the latter period of the 20th century was conducted in the same cramming method as education of expressionism and pragmatism from beginning to end, while post-modernism can be interpreted as a viewpoint of reflecting the diversity, popularity and needs of the era. Under such circumstances, this research is aimed at looking for an educational method that can reflect the educational method of this present period. Thus, this research is trying to analyze the works of some artists showing a variety of styles of the post-modernism period and to inquire into a new direction at a viewpoint of the post-modernism where divers cultures co-exist. This research considered these artists' works as the objects for comparison because there exists an aspect of something in common in that there are more diverse-style-based expression in the post-modernism art education though their subject and format are different individually. Therefore, this research is conducted at a viewpoint of assisting in the understanding of more diverse style-based painting in the post-modernism education.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.62 no.4
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• pp.81-90
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• 2012

The contents of this study are as follows. First, an academic understanding has been achieved by exploring the theoretical concept "allegory", and a new theoretical approached methodology has been sought. Second, an analysis-index of fashion illustration cases has been suggested based on the allegory theory of Craig Owens. Third, in order to draw the characteristics of fashion illustration as viewed from the allegorical viewpoint and find out its feasibility, the case studies has been referred and the internal significance, external significance that combines different characteristics has been extracted. In regards to this study method, literature studies and case studies has been done in parallel with each other. This study was done in the following sequence: the establishment of the study system, the drawing of the allegory-associated concepts and the discovering the characteristics of aesthetic expressions. The results of this study on the expression characteristics of fashion illustration as viewed from the allegorical viewpoint of Craig Owens are as follows. First, the borrowing of image, which is a characteristic of allegory, contains the meaning of uncertainty in the fashion illustration as it expresses the image-synthesis and forms a completely different meaning as the fixed meaning is dissolved and it is utilized as a photo-montage technique. Second, the inference of pictogram is the mixture of linguistic medium and visual medium. Fashion illustration utilizes the characters and transmits the fashion information visually and immanently. It has the characteristic of making the information into pictograms and the internal significances of mutual-text with communication function. Third, the uniqueness of location in the fashion illustration has the special nature of utilized mediums as it is used for advertising or publicizing. The fashion illustration from the viewpoint of allegory has the impermanency of existing only for a limited time and reflects the coincidence that gives the meaning of utilized location according to the season trend. Fourth, the cross-breeding is expressed as the mixture of various materials in the fashion illustration. The expressions made by the mixture of media, such as the use of computer graphic programs mixed together with various materials showed the trend of diversity and genre dissolution.

• Journal of Information Technology and Architecture
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.233-241
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• 2012

Architecture framework (AF) is a guideline to define components needed to develop and operate enterprise architecture (EA), and to define relationships among the components. There are many architecture frameworks to operate EA of governments and businesses such as Zachman framework, DoDAF, TOGAF, FEAF, and TEAF. DoDAF is the most representative AF to support the development of the EA in the military domain. DoDAF is composed of eight viewpoints and 40 views that are affiliated with the viewpoints. To develop an AF for a specific goal, system architects decide a set of views. Furthermore, they determine data that are needed for a view modeling. However, views and data in DoDAF are structurally inter-related explicitly and/or implicitly. So, developing an AF for a specific goal is going to be a project to be carried out over a long haul. To reduce the burden of its development, in this paper, we develop ONT-SAF (Ontology for DoDAF) that can infer inter-relationships like referential and transitive relationships and the sequences among the views. Furthermore, to promote reusability and consistency of the views and the data within an AF, we adopt the view-data separation strategy. ONT-DAT contains classes like 'viewpoint', 'view', 'data', 'expression method', and 'reference model', and 11 properties including 'hasView.' To prove the effectiveness of ONT-SAF, we perform a case study.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.140-147
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• 2010

The objectives of this study are, first to define the concept of restaurant total coordination and establish its components as a design strategy for planning and managing all elements comprising a restaurant, and second, to survey the total coordination of Japanese restaurants in foreign countries and examine how traditionality, which is an element for globalizing Japanese restaurants, is expressed. This study was conducted through literature review for defining the concept of restaurant total coordination and extracting its components and a field survey for analyzing the current state of restaurant total coordination and traditionality expression methods. The results of this study are as follows. First, Japanese restaurants categorized into Type A with relatively high traditionality expression(3.3 or higher) were 25% of the surveyed restaurants. These restaurants showed the traditional characteristics of Japanese style as they are without contemporary adaptation for all components of restaurant. Second, 41.7% of the restaurants were categorized into Type B with traditionality expression between 1.7 and 3.3. They were mostly popular casual restaurants at which people can enjoy Japanese food comfortably. In visual and spatial design elements, traditional and contemporary styles appeared in the equal percentage, and decoration, table setting and food design were styled according to Japanese traditions. Third, 4 cases(33.3%) were categorized into Type C with traditionality expression below 1.7. Because they were fine dining restaurants that sold high priced dishes, formality and consistency were also high. Through all design elements including visual, spatial, table setting and food design elements, elegant and simple contemporary images were dominant. The results of this study will be used as basic materials to establish the concept of total coordination that views the visual, spatial, table setting and food design elements comprising a restaurant, which were approached separately in previous studies on restaurants, together from the viewpoint of integrative deigns, and to make design strategies for globalizing Korean restaurants based on Japanese restaurant cases.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.183-194
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• 2013

Exhibition space emphasizes the experience in the space rather than viewing or appreciation of visitors. Because the experience spaces in today's life are limited, people experience rest, comfort, and sometimes extraordinary space experience through exhibition space. Exhibition space has changed from a static place to a space where visitors move and act with the exhibits to freely feel the space. Also, the static space expressed only with illumination and shadow becomes a new space different from daily space for users. This study analyzes the characteristics of phenomenological expression through such user-oriented exhibition space. This study is to analyze the characteristics of phenomenology through the exhibition experience space structure. It is to analyze and study on the characteristics of phenomenological expression of the exhibition experience space structure centered in the opinion of Merlo-Ponti that considers the experience of body among 'characteristics' discussed based on the study of the phenomenological experience published up to date and the viewpoint of Steven Hall that sees light as a subject of creating the space. This study is also considers how the perception of the experiencer is built in the correlation between the phenomenology and exhibition experience space by studying the relationship of the experiencer that is the common point of the exhibition experience space structure and the characteristics of phenomenological expression and analyzing the common point and difference of them. It also focuses on the space of dark whether forming any light rather than looking at the light which is the sense factor among the characteristics of phenomenological expressions. Thus, the purpose of this study is to analyze the case on whether there is any light or not applied to the exhibition experience space grounded by the theoretical materials of Merlo-Ponti and Steven Hall based on the characteristics of phenomenological expressions in the exhibition experience space structure and, based on the result, to set up the basics on the characteristics of phenomenological expressions in the composition of exhibition experience space.