• Journal of Information Management
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.24-46
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• 1994

In this paper I will discuss definitions of hypermedia, multimedia and hypertext. Hypertext is the grouping of relevant information in the form of nodes. These nodes are then connected together through links. In the case of hypertext the nodes contain text or graphics. Multimedia is the combining of different media types for example sound, animation, text, graphics and video for the presentation of information by making use of computers. Hypermedia can be viewed as an extension of hypertext and multimedia. It is based on the concept of hypertext that uses nodes and links in the structuring of information in the system. In this case the nodes consist of an the different data types that are mentioned in the multimedia definition above. The 'node-and-link' concept is used in organisation of the information in hypermedia systems. The 'book' metaphor is an example of the way these systems are implemented. This concept is explained and a few advantages and disadvantages of making use of hypermedia systems are discussed. A new approach for the development of hypermedia systems, namely the knowledge-based approach is now looked into. Joel Peing-Ling Loo proposed this approach because he thought that it is the most effective way for handling this kind of technology. A semantic-based hypermedia model is developed in this approach to formulate solutions for the restrictions in presenting information authoring, maintenance and retrieval. The knowledge-based presentation of information includes the use of conventional data structures. These data structures make use of frames(objects), slots and the inheritance theory that is also used in expert systems. Relations develop between the different objects as these objects are included in the database. Relations can also exist between frames by means of attributes that belong to the frames.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.263-269
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• 2017

Pulmonary function test (PFT) is a test method to determine respiratory disease. In order to obtain accurate PFT results, it is absolutely necessary to induce the inspector and cooperate with the patient. This study was to observe the importance of understanding and posture of the patient in spirometry. In 2016, 110 healthy experimenter performed spirometry; 1) only heard the explanation, 2) watching video and inspector,s demonstration, 3) twisting legs and bending shoulder. FVC, $FEV_1$, $FEV_1/FVC$, $FEF_{25-75%}$, PEF were measured by spirometry. FVC, $FEV_1$, $FEV_1/FVC$, $FEF_{25-75%}$, PEF were significantly increased before and after the understanding the test method. There was a significant difference in FVC, $FEV_1$, and PEF in the false posture. Reproducibility was significantly different in the experimenter' comprehension and false posture. This study provides accurate understanding of the patient and correct posture should be maintained during the examination to obtain correct and reproducible results of PFT.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.60
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• pp.113-135
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• 2019

Despite being one of the most important national facilities, the National Assembly building of the Republic of Korea has become increasingly vulnerable to potential terrorist attacks, and the instances of demonstrations occurring around and banned items taken into the building are continuing to rise. In addition, promoting the idea of "open assembly" has led to increased visitors and weakened access control. Furthermore, while there is a significant symbolic value attached to attacking the National Assembly building, the level of security management is relatively very low, making it a suitable target for terrorism. In order to address such vulnerability, an appropriate access control system should be in place from the areas surrounding the building. However, the National Assembly Security Service which oversees security around the building is scheduled to disband in June 2020 following the abolition of the conscripted police force in 2023. Therefore, there needs to be an alternative option to bolster the security system outside the facility. In this research, the perceptions of 114 government officials in charge of security at the National Assembly Secretariat toward the protection and security system of the areas surrounding the National Assembly building were examined. Results showed that the respondents believed it was highly likely that risky situations could occur outside the building, and the use of advanced technologies such as intelligent video surveillance, intrusion detection system, and drones was viewed favorably. Moreover, a mid- to long-term plan of establishing a unified three-layer protection system and designating a department in charge of the security outside the building were perceived positively. Lastly, the participants supported the idea of employing private police to replace the National Assembly Security Service for the short term and introducing parliamentary police for the mid- to long-term.

• Journal of the Korean School Mathematics Society
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.1-29
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• 2013

The main goal of the research is to develop instructional consulting manual to help math teachers improve classroom teaching. Improving the quality of teaching in schools is stressed as a central focus of meaningful classroom instruction and high quality education. In this research, teaching consulting was defined as an activity that covers reflection process oriented towards formative assessment and continuing professional development. Within this context, subject-specific teaching consulting and teaching professionalism with focus on PCK was reviewed. Further, the questionnaire survey was conducted to investigate the current situation of teaching consulting and teachers' needs for consulting. And also, specific examples of subject-specific consulting based on our previous consulting experiences in math classes were shown. Alternative ways to improve subject teaching were derived through the conferences where consultants and consultees analyze video-taped lessons conducted by the consultees. By those results, a manual for invigorating teaching consulting was developed. The contents of the manual consists of setting conditions of teaching consulting and its implementation in the classroom teaching. The first part of the manual contains steps to establish teaching consulting system, the qualification and role of the consultant, system evaluation, etc. The second part of the manual presents the pre-preparation, prescription and implementation and follow-up management steps. Each part of the manual provides consultants with specific guidelines for each step. Finally, recommendations for making policy related to ways to invigorate teaching consulting was suggested. It is expected that specific examples and cases of subject-specific teaching consulting presented in this research will be used to narrow the gap between theory and practice of teaching consulting, and to help math, science and English teachers develop teaching professionalism.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.353-361
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• 2020

Due to the rapid urbanization, various traffic problems such as traffic jams during commute and regular traffic jams are occurring. In order to solve these traffic problems, it is necessary to quickly and accurately estimate and analyze traffic volume. ITS (Intelligent Transportation System) is a system that performs optimal traffic management by utilizing the latest ICT (Information and Communications Technology) technologies, and research has been conducted to analyze fast and accurate traffic volume through various techniques. In this study, we proposed a deep learning-based vehicle detection method using UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) video for real-time traffic analysis with high accuracy. The UAV was used to photograph orthogonal videos necessary for training and verification at intersections where various vehicles pass and trained vehicles by classifying them into sedan, truck, and bus. The experiment on UAV dataset was carried out using YOLOv3 (You Only Look Once V3), a deep learning-based object detection technique, and the experiments achieved the overall object detection rate of 90.21%, precision of 95.10% and the recall of 85.79%.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.183-190
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• 2016

This paper proposes algorithm to reduce the computing time in a neural network that reduces transmission of data for tracking mobile objects in surveillance networks in terms of detection and communication load. Object Detection can be defined as follows : Given image sequence, which can forom a digitalized image, the goal of object detection is to determine whether or not there is any object in the image, and if present, returns its location, direction, size, and so on. But object in an given image is considerably difficult because location, size, light conditions, obstacle and so on change the overall appearance of objects, thereby making it difficult to detect them rapidly and exactly. Therefore, this paper proposes fast and exact object detection which overcomes some restrictions by using neural network. Proposed system can be object detection irrelevant to obstacle, background and pose rapidly. And neural network calculation time is decreased by reducing input vector size of neural network. Principle Component Analysis can reduce the dimension of data. In the video input in real time from a CCTV was experimented and in case of color segment, the result shows different success rate depending on camera settings. Experimental results show proposed method attains 30% higher recognition performance than the conventional method.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.189-195
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• 2002

In the area of pediatric dentistry, several behavior modification techniques have been attempted to relieve young patients' dental fear. The use of audio-visual(AV) aids is one of them and is increasing. In this study, several patients' reactions to dental treatment have been investigated after using AV aids, including patients' sleep, movement, crying and overall behavior. The effectiveness of AV aids have also been investigated through patients' age, previous dental experience and daily exposure to TV or video. Thirty healthy children with Frankl behavior rating (+) or (-) were included in this study. The average age of the children was $52.9{\pm}12.7$ months and no statistical difference was found between the two groups. Thirty patients were equally divided into two groups. Group I(control) received dental treatment with the conventional tell-show-do while group II(AV) with tell-show-do and AV aids. All patients received only restorative dental treatment and received no extraction. Houpt behavior rating scale was used to evaluate patients' behavior during the dental treatment. As a result, there was no significant difference between the two groups in movement and crying. However, more patients in the AV group fell asleep during the dental treatment compared to the control group. Within the AV group, patients with previous dental experience, older age and frequent exposure to AV materials showed better overall behavior during the dental treatment as audio-visual aids were used for behavior management.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.14 no.8
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• pp.19-36
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to analyze domestic and overseas cases of flipped learning instructional design model and actual classes in K-12 Education, and find out educational implications in order to design effective flipped learning. Papers, 14 articles in domestic and international journals, were collected. As results of the analysis, first, flipped learning instructional model was presented as flipped learning that applied to ADDIE model and 8C model etc. Second, 'Activities before classroom' consisted of watching lecture videos, lecture notes etc. 'Activities during classroom' was checking prior learning in early stage, individual activities and cooperative activities in middle stage, and solving quizzes, reviewing in later stage. After class, students performed tasks and questions&answers. Third, in case of creating lecture video, they used application such as Screencast-o-matic, Explain Everything; In contrast, some cases utilized online web-sites such as YouTube or Phet. Fourth, positive results were shown in learners' academic achievement, motivation and learning attitude etc. This research has a significance in terms of analyzing the flipped learning instructional model and flipped learning activities, and providing the preliminary data to facilitate the design for the effective flipped learning.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.50 no.5
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• pp.25-38
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• 2013

Future wireless systems will be required to support the increasingly nomadic lifestyle of people. This support will be provided through the use of multiple overlaid networks which have very different characteristics. Moreover, these networks will be required to support the seamless delivery of today's popular desktop services, such as web browsing, interactive multimedia and video conferencing to the mobile devices. Thus one of the major challenges in the design of these mobile systems will be the provision of the quality of service (QoS) guarantees that the applications demand under this diverse networking infrastructure. We believe that it is necessary to use resource reservation and adaptation techniques to deliver these QoS guarantee to applications. However, reservation and pre-configuration in the entire service region is overly aggressive, and results in schemes that are extremely inefficient and unreliable. To overcome this, the mobility pattern of a user can be exploited. If the movement of a user is known, the reservation and configuration procedure can be limited to the regions of the network a user is likely to visit. Our proposed Proxy-UMP is not sensitive to increase of the search cost than other schemes and shows that the increasing rate of total cost is low as the SMR increases.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.363-373
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• 2006

The purposes of this study were to analyze the within-group verbal interactions in Thinking Science activities and compare the characteristics of verbal interactions shown by the pupils as well as the differences in help by e teacher in Korea with those in the UK. For the purposes of this study, 16 pupils from comparable groups by cognitive level were selected from both countries. Verbal interactions and teacher help during group discussions were audio/ video taped and the types of students' interactions were classified into interactions related to problem solving, management of classroom loaming and others. The results of this study showed that the verbal interactions in Korean groups were more activated than those in the UK groups. However, the percentages of high level interactions such as metacognitive questions, elaborative suggestions and logical argumentations were higher in the UK groups than those in the Korean groups. Observation of the within-group activities revealed that the pupils of both countries shared some common ground in the following ways; neither recognized the need to formulate the hypothesis in the process of inquiry and that the procedures of discussion were dominated by the pupils of higher cognitive level as the discussion proceeded. It was also observed that the pupils in the UK were considerate in response to the questions posed by both their peers or the teacher, while the pupils in Korea were influenced by their prior knowledge in the subject. Analysis of the teacher help during the inquiry activities showed that the tendency fur the teacher to emphasize the process rather than the product in the procedures of discussion and the extent he/she allowed the pupils to think and consider were closely related to the characteristics of the teacher himself/herself and was found to be a point of commonality in both countries. However, the teachers in the UK revealed the tendency of trying to propose the task to the pupils in concrete and systematic ways and guide the discussion based on the thinking of the pupils, while those in Korea tried to use strategies designed to draw out active verbal interactions among the pupils.