• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.55-63
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to prove the kinematical characteristics of Deff motion, the high bar performance, in terms of flying phases so that we can provide basic sources for improving gymnastic performance. To do this, we selected and analyzed the performance of two athletes who did Deff motion in the high bar competition of male artistic gymnastic in the 22nd Universiade 2003 Daegu. We drew the conclusions from the kinematical factors that were came out through analyzing three-dimensional cinematography of the athletes' movements, by using a high speed video camera. To make a successful performance, a performer releases the bar at a height of a high bar vertically and at a height of 82cm horizontally, and the flying performance should be made without moving forward, as maintaining the proper balance, in order to rise over 118cm high during the flying phase. When the performer is releasing the bar, an increase of the vertical speed in the center of the body and extension of a knee joint and a hip joint contribute to increasing a flying height. And when the moving body is twisted, leaning to left side is caused by the winding movement of a knee joint, which causes an unstable bar grasp. To grasp the bar stably, just before releasing the performer should gain propulsive force from twisting rotation through increasing the speed of shoulder rotation. And before the peak point, the performer should make sure of a body rotation distance over $164^{\circ}$ so that he or she can do an aerial rotary performance smoothly. When grasping the high bar, the center of the body should be above the bar and the angle of shoulder rotation should be maintained close to $540^{\circ}$ simultaneously. he high point performance(S1) has more speed on an ascending phase and less speed on a descending phase than the low point performance (S2). At the peak point, both the rotation angle of the body and that of the shoulder in high point performance are big as well. In conclusion, it is shown that a performer can make a jump toward the high bar easily with the body straight because the performer can hold the upper part of the body erect early in a descending phase.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.109-116
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• 2011

This study examined into property of flour dust explosion to get the basic data for safety of industry by protecting accident of dust explosion. The experiment was conducted to know the effect of distance between explodes in the experiment device, effect of flour dust concentration, effect of humidity, effect of explosion pressure to the dust concentration and effect of inactive substance additive. The study indicated that explosion was happened effectively at the optimum distance 100mm or less in inter-polar distance, and minimum ignition energy was measured at 6mm. The data of feed concentration to the probability of explosion showed that the smaller the particle diameter was, the larger probability of explosion was, and the higher the dust concentration was, the more increased the pressure of explosion was, but more than upper limit of dust concentration, then the explosion of pressure decreased. For the effect of humidity, the more it contained water, the more decreased the ignition energy of dust was, so increased minimum explosive concentration, and effective water content was minimum 10% or more. Inactive substance additive was effective in adding more than 15% CaCO3 and CaO as substance inhibiting dust explosion, in which CaCO3 was more effective than CaO. the analysis of the flame of dust explosion was performed by high-speed video camera, it showed the size of flame bacame smaller in order that sub feed, main feed, wheat powder. As a result, sub feed was expected to be less dangerous than others.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.165-170
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• 2003

The clinical efficacies of Korean Red Ginseng for improving sexual function has been reported only by self-reporting questionnaires.AVS-Penogram is a method evaluating natural penile blood flow changes by Gamma-camera after intravenous injection of Techmetium 99$\^$m/-RBC and also stimulating by erotic video tape. To more objectively evaluate the efficacies of Korean Red Ginseng for erectile function, we applied AVS-Penogram as a objective diagnostic tool. AVS-Penogram studies were done in 28 patients with erectile dysfunction after administration of Red Ginseng(19) or placebo(9) group. The pattern of AVS-Penogram before medication were normal type in 4, impossible in 2, unstable in 20, delayed in 1, and mixed in 1. The unstable type were the most prevalent observed in 71.4% of all patients. The patterns of AVS-penogram were 2.2. 13.1 in Red Ginseng group, while in placebo group normal 2, unstable 7. After 4 weeks in Red Ginseng group, there were 3 cases of improved penogram findings, while only 1 in placebo group. There were no statistical significancies in the type of penogram changes on both group. But the maximum radioactivity were improved in 11 patients(57.9%) in Red Ginseng group, while 2(22.2%) in placebo group. There were statistical significancies in comparing the maximal radioactivity of penogram on both group. These AVS-Penogram findings shows, encouraging results of by increased penile blood flow Korean Red Ginseng our medication. Further study is more needed to reconfirm these results by more concentrated active formulations of sapanonin St other active ginsenosides. These promising results will lead to develop a new remedy for erectile dysfunction by Korean Red Ginseng

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.231-246
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• 2000

Acupuncture has been used for treatment of numerous diseases, especially for pain control in the oriental culture. However, the mechanism of pain control by acupuncture was not clear so far. The present study was examined that the effects of electro-acupuncture (EA) applied to the acu-point of extra-segmental area on modulation of formalin induced pain in Sprague - Dawley rats. In order to apply EA to acu-points in the plantar area of right fore paws, a pair of teflon - coated stainless steel wires were implanted in HT 7 (shin-mun) and PC 7 (dae-neong) 5 days before behavioral test. A behavioral test was performed by means of video camera after injection of 5% formalin ($50{\mu}l$) into the lateral plantar region of left hind paw. EA was delivered by a constant current stimulator at 4~5 mA, 2 ms, and 10 Hz for 30 min. The electromyographic activities were recorded in the biceps femoris muscle under chloral hydrate anesthesia. Test stimuli with 1~9mA were applied to the sural nerve territory including the medial portion of the 4th toe and the lateral portion of the 5th toe. Behavioral responses including favoring, flinching and bitting were occured in the biphasic pattern, such as the lst phase (0~5 min) and the 2nd phase (20~45 min) after formalin injection. However, EA (4~5 mA, 2 ms, 10 Hz) significantly inhibited Che behavioral responses. EMG activities of flexor reflex had a latency of 100~300 ms and thresholds of test stimuli for EMG were 4~5 mA in normal rats. Injection of formalin decreased threshold of test stimuli and increased EMG activities for 2hrs after injection. However, EA significantly inhibited EMG activities of flexor reflex increased by formalin and recovered EMG evoked thresholds. These results suggest that contralateral extra-segmental EA inhibits the first and second phases of formalin induced pain but their mechanism be needed to examine additionally.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
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• v.13D no.3 s.106
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• pp.383-390
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• 2006

Product-line engineering is a dreaming goal in software engineering research. Unfortunately, the current underlying technologies do not seem to be still not much matured enough to make it viable in the industry. Based on our experiences in working on mobile telephony systems over 3 years, now we are in the course of developing an approach to product-line engineering for mobile telephony system software. In this paper, the experiences are shared together with our research motivation and idea. Consequently, we propose an approach to building and maintaining telephony application logics from the perspective of scenes. As a Domain-Specific Language(DSL), Menu Navigation Viewpoint(MNV) DSL is designed to deal with the problem domain of telephony applications. The functional requirements on how a set of telephony application logics are configured can be so various depending on manufacturer, product concept, service carrier, and so on. However, there is a commonality that all of the currently used telephony application logics can be generally described from the point of user's view, with a set of functional features that can be combinatorially synthesized from typical telephony services(i.e. voice/video telephony, CBS/SMS/MMS, address book, data connection, camera/multimedia, web browsing, etc.), and their possible connectivity. MNV DSL description acts as a backbone software architecture based on which the other types of telephony application logics are placed and aligned to work together globally.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.36
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• pp.643-667
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• 2014

Recently, shooting photographs have become highly popular among general public and been used by various media such as digital camera, mobile, and kiosk. We could find that users prefer to Funology which is combined by fun and hardware technology on emotional point of view. Shooting photographs attracts user participation and makes effect of design to expand. The goal of this study is to classify user actions in a electronic kiosk which includes digital photography function based on the perspective of Funology and to bulit user behaviors model. Therefore user group model will be defined, and then interaction design guidelines of shooting photographs will be proposed. For this research, first of all, the concepts of Funology and user interaction with taking photographs are classified to three types which is based on literature investigation. Secondly, "Phodosee" kiosk is examined with Funology design elements which have been categorized beforehand. Then user's behaviors which are shown their interaction with "Phodosee" kiosk are observed and analyzed using video ethnography based on Funology perspectives. Finally, four persona models are suggested based on user's behaviors as follows; 1) to avoid being taken photography, 2) to try to shoot photography, 3) to participate shooting photography and 4) to lead others to take photography. To summarize this study, effects and limitations of Funology design elements using digital photography are discussed and guideline is suggested to improve user experience design.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.9
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• pp.6227-6235
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• 2015

The HUD has recently been downsized due to the development of micro display and LED technology as a see through information display device, gradually expands the application areas. In this paper, using a DLP micro display device designed a compact head-up display(HUD) optical system for biocular observation of the image exhibition area 5 inches. It was analyzed for each design element of the optical system in order to design a compacted HUD. DLP, projection optical system and concave image combiner were discussed the design approach and the characteristics. Through a connection structure analysis of each optical system, detailed design specifications were set up and designed the optical system in detail. Put a folded configuration in the form of a white diffuse reflector between the projection lens and concave image combiner was designed to be independent, respectively. Distance of the projected image is adjustable up to approximately 2m ~ infinity and observation distance is 1m. Resolution could be recognized by 1 ~ 2pixels in HD($1,280{\times}720pixels$) class, various characters and symbols could be read. In addition, color navigation map, daytime video camera and thermal imaging cameras can be displayed.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.21-30
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is helps to make full use for perfect performance by grasping the defects of Tichonkich motion performed by athlete CSM For this, the study analyzed kinematical variables through Tichonkich motions performed at the first selection competition(1st trial) and final selection competition(2nd trial) for the dispatch to the 28th Athens Olympic Games using the three-dimensional cinematographical method with a high-speed video camera, and obtained the following results. 1. During Tichonkich motion, the execution time of up swing and the right hand moving to the left bar was shorter in the 2nd trial than the 1st one, while the execution time of down swing, the support of the left bar and the right hand moving to the right bar was longer in the 2nd trial than the 1st trial. 2. The horizontal position of COG in the 2nd trial was -35cm in the 1st stage, 42cm in the 3rd stage and 29cm in the 4th stage, that is, it showed a great swing focused on the circular movement compared to the 1st trial, while the vertical position of COG was -59cm in the 2nd stage, that is, it showed a small swing focused on a up and down movement. Also the 5th stage vertical position was 98cm, and the 6th stage vertical position was 95cm in the 2nd trial which were higher than those of the 1st trial, so it has provided magnificence required in the modern gymnastics. 3. And it was indicated that the horizontal velocity at the down swing phase proceeded forward more rapidly in the 2nd trial than that in the 1st trial, and the reverse ascent made a rapid vertical rise lessening left and right velocity change. And in the 5th stage, the 2nd trial was kept very slower in horizontal, vertical and left and right velocity that in the 1st trial, so it reached a handstand with leisurely movement. 4. In the 2nd trial, shoulder joint of the 1st, 2nd, 3rd stages kept a larger angle than that in the 1st trial, that is, it made a great swing while in the 1st trial, it showed a swing movement dependent on kick movement by the flexion and extension of hip joint. Also in the 2nd trial, the body formed a vertical posture with both hands supporting the left bar and hip joint was kept larger as $198^{\circ}$ and $190^{\circ}$ in the 5th and 6th stage than that in the 1st trial, so it made a handstand with the body uprightly stretched out, and magnificent and stable movement.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.20-26
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to investigate the transition mechanism and prevention mechanism of gas explosion to fire. Transition phenomena of explosion to fire of LPG in the explosion vessel of its size of TEX>$100 cm {\times} 60 cm {\times} 45 cm$ was visualized using the high speed video camera and the mechanism was analysed from the videograph. Newspaper size of $30cm {\times} 20cm$ was used for combustible sample in this experiments and LPG-air mixture was ignited by 10 ㎸ electric spark. Experimental parameter was gas concentration, size of vent area and position of combustible solid. Size of vent area were varied as $10cm {\times} 9cm, 13cm {\times} 10cm, 27cm {\times} 20cm, 40cm {\times} 27cm$, and the position of combustible was varied in 4 point. Carbon dioxide was used to study the prevention mechanism of explosion to fire transition of LPG. Based on this experiment we can find that transition possibility of explosion to fire on solid combustible from explosion is depends on concentration of LPG-air mixture and the exposure time of solid combustibles in high temperature atmosphere of flame and burnt gas. And cooling or inerting of the atmosphere after explosion can be prevent the transition of explosion to fire on solid combustibles from gas explosion.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.400-406
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• 2019

This study will explore the reenactment of visual special effects used in TV dramas. The subjects of the study are images that are reproduced in visual special effects through and . Accordingly, we looked at the changes in the way TV dramas were produced according to the times, and looked at the changes in the market. Also, we looked at cases of visual special effects of Korean dramas, and looked at expressions according to the degree of completion of visual special effects. For the purpose of the analysis of the research targets, the images of reproducibility and the flow through reality were analyzed. In the case of , the period setting is realistic, but visual special effects were used to maximize the actor's safety and expression, and in the case of , the visual effects were used to maximize the aesthetic of the period background. In addition, it can be seen that the visual special effects were used for the effect of PPL on the export of images. This shows that the emphasis of reality and image montage techniques are being used to pursue hyperrealism. It is now possible to actively express and use the beauty of TV dramas rather than technical limitations. In addition, the pursuit of realism can actively express the changing times of digital age. This is an active representation of the camera's angle, lighting, and perspective that coincides with the background. The environment of video production is crucial for realistic expressions. The study examined various visual directions and applications. In TV images, we looked at reproduction, which can make a natural period of time by combining. As a follow-up study, we are going to study the changes in the new quadratic image based on the present image representation.