• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.636-646
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• 2007

Adequate postural control depends on the spatial and temporal integration of vestibular, visual, and somatosensory information. Especially, the musculoskeletal function is essential to maintain the postural control. The experimental studies was performed on the muscular activities in the lower extremities during maintaining and moving exercises on an unstable platform with Magneto Rheological(MR) dampers. The unstable platform of the developed system was controlled by electric currents to the MR dampers. A subject executed the maintaining and moving exercises which are presented through the display monitor. The electromyographies of the eight muscles in lower extremities were recorded and analyzed in the time and the frequency domain: the muscles of interest were rectus femoris(RF), biceps femoris(BF), tensor fasciae latae(TFL), vastus lateralis(VL), vastus medialis(VM), gastrocnemius(Ga), tibialis anterior(TA), Soleus(So). The experimental results showed that the muscular activities differed in the four moving exercises and the nine maintaining exercises. For the anterior-posterior pattern, the TA showed highest activities; for the left-right pattern, the TFL; for the 45, $-45^{\circ}$ pattern, the TFL and TA. Also, the rate of the increase in the muscular activities were affected by the condition of the unstable platform with MR dampers for the maintaining and moving exercises. The experimental results suggest that the choice of different maintaining and moving exercises could selectively train different muscles in various intensity. Futhermore, the findings suggested that the training using this system can improve the ability of postural control.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.41-47
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• 2000

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of the disturbed vision on the gait distance parameters on the healthy young population. SUBJECTS. Twenty four healthy college aged individuals are randomly assigned to both a condition with a strobe light and the other condition without a strobe light. METHODS. The instrumentation used for gait analysis is the GaitRite electronic walkway system with a personal IBM computer. The examiner naked all the subjects to walk 6 times on the gait mat without the strobe light and. 6 times on the mat with the strobe light. The first 4 trials were practice and the last two trials were recorded in both conditions. The gait parameters analyzed were as follows : velocity, cadence, step length, and heel to heel base of support. RESULTS. Paired samples t-test used for this study did not found any significant differences between the two conditions because the p-values that were analyzed on the experiment were Utter than 0.05. The gait parameters that were analyzed included cadence, velocity, left and right heel to heel base of support, and left and right step length. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION. Based on this population, the condition of disturbed vision via the effect of the strobe light was not significantly challenging to compromise the body's sensory systems. However, in the elderly population, these systems can undergo age related changes. Visual changes rapidly decline in people 60 to 80 years of age and changes in the vestibular system include $20-40\%$ reduction in hair cells.

• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.126-146
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• 1999

In clinical neurology various different electrophysiological tests are widely used to demonstrate the unsuspected malfunctioning in the nervous system and to monitor over time the clinical status of patients. In addition clinical neurologists and neurosurgeons take advantage of the intraoperative monitorings to increase the quality of neurosurgical operations in the posterior fossa, in the spinal cord, or in visual pathways. In the field of movement disorders, elecrophysiolgical tests provide neurologists with making accurate differential diagnoses with useful therapeutic stratergies as well as with investigating the pathophysiological machanisms. By using the electromyographic tests it could be possible for us to evaluate the types of blephalospasm, the extent of hemifacial spasm, the level of myoclonus, and the prime muscles of torticollis etc. Sometimes the myographic guidance may be critical for choosing the exact injecting site of botulinum toxin. These several decades various electroencephalographic and evoked potential tests has been utilized in the electrophysiological laboratories to understand the basic pathophysiology of myoclonus, spasticity and other central motor dysfunctions. It could be one of the breakthroughs in the area of behavorial neurology that the brain function can be mapped by the spontaneous or evoked electrical activities of nervous system since the movement related potentials (MRPs) had been studies for several decades. Various reflex tests such as masseter reflex, blink reflex, click evoked vestibulocollic reflex, facial reflex, stretch reflex, flexor reflex, H-reflex, H-reflex recovery curve, vestibular inhibition of H-reflex, reciprocal inhibition, recurrent or Renshaw reflex, Ib inhibition, cutaneous reflex have been also used to understand normal or abnormal physiology in movement disorders. Polysomnography, posturography and gait studies are also applied in clinical neurology in association with with movement disorders which are useful in deciding the treatment regimen.

• Journal of Digital Contents Society
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.283-291
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• 2017

Though new body movement based input system immerged in Virtual Reality (VR), VR still has a visually induced motion sickness (VIMS) problem to be accepted for users. VIMS are caused by changes in visually perceived movement that discord with vestibular system's sense of movement. Not only Head-body movements, but also hand gestures to make commands and torso movement can affect visual movement perception by enhancing immersion and its psychological product; presence. The question arises does whole body movement and hand gesture to make commands are more dominant to arousal, presence, and VIMS? To address this question, we conducted "2 (IV1; head-body movements only vs. whole body movements) * 1" between subject design experiment. The results showed that significant effect on whole body movements and arousal, marginally significant effect on presence. Eyewear usage was a moderator between hand gesture and presence relationship.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Sensory Integration
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 2005

Objective : The purpose of this study was to get the mean of duration of post-rotatory nystagmus test in normal children and to differentiate the duration of post-rotatory nystagmus test between normal children and children with pervasive developmental disorder. Method : 84 subjects were between 3 and 5 years of age and consisted of 64 normal children and 20 children with the pervasive developmental disorder. Analysis of the data was done by using t-test and ANOVA. Results : The results were as follows: 1. Range of duration of post-rotatory nyatagmus test in normal children was $5{\sim}22$second on left and $7{\sim}21$ second on right and the mean was 12.63 second on left and 12.59 second on right. 2. Range of duration of post-rotatory nystagmus test in children with the pervasive developmental disorder was $3{\sim}11$ second on both and the mean was 5.65 second on left and 5.60 second on right. 3. There was no significant difference between males and females with normal children in duration of post-rotatory nystagmus test. However, there was a significant difference of the mean duration between 3 and 5 years old normal group. 4. Children with pervasive developmental disorder significantly have relatively lower duration than the duration of post-rotatory nystagmus test of normal children. Conclusions : The results of the study showed significant difference between normal children and children with pervasive developmental disorder in duration of post-rotatory nystagmus test and suggest that they could be applied to the baseline of clinical therapy.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.619-629
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• 2013

This study was conducted to compare the effect improving balance abilities of 3 balance training programs by randomized intervention trial. Study subjects were 29 female students recruited from a university in Gwanju, who allocated randomly to 3 intervention groups, aqua group(modified Halliwick 10 point program, N=10), visual bio-feedback balance training group(N=10), and balance-pad plus trampolin group(N=9). As the results of repeated musure ANOVA, Wilcoxon signed rank test, major research findings were as follows; 1. Regarding SI or BIEMG measured at upright posture on hard platform, bio-feedback group under the condition with opening both eye and aqua group under the condition with closing both eye showed signigicant improvement in balance ability, respectively. 2. Regarding SI or BIEMG measured at upright posture on soft platform, bio-feedback group under the condition with opening both eye and aqua group under the condition with closing both eye showed signigicant improvement in balance ability, respectively. 3. Regarding all 3 sensory ratios, bio-feedback group showed significantly higher increasement in them than other 2 groups. The results suggested that visual bio-feedback training program improve the all 3 sensory functions required for balancing, and aqua training modified from Halliwick 10 point program contribute to improve vestibular function principally.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.14 no.9
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• pp.120-130
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of line dance activity on the balance factors during static standing to reveal the exercise intervention for fall prevention. A 15-week line dance programme was applied to 16 elderly females who aged more than 65 years in the community. Balance ability during static standing was evaluated by the range of center of pressure(cop), the velocity of cop, and sway area that calculated on the basis of ground reaction force data, forces, and moments. The range and velocity of cop in the anterio-posterior were significantly reduced after line dance(p<.01, p<.05, respectively), but change in those of cop in the medio-lateral was not found. It was demonstrated that 16-week line dance activities allow more effective in anterio-posterior stability and sway area of static standing. It was suggested that the effect of fall prevention exercise should be studied more associate with fall from vestibular and sensory system as future study.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.148-157
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• 2005

Damum(痰飮) is a kind of pathologic secretion products that excessive water is accumulated in a part of body. Damhun(痰暈) is the vertigo induved by Damum(痰飮). We experienced two clinical cases treated vertigo by orietal medicine(herbal medication, acupuncture). 33-years old male and 63-years old female patients had Damhun(痰暈), vertigo by Damum(痰飮). We administered Banhabaechulcheoma-tang(Pansiabaichutienma-tang) and Yeonggyechulgam-tang(Lingguishugna-tang) to each Patient, and two Patients improved vertigo and referred symptoms. In other words, this study is that We did not limited peripheral vertigo to vestibular system, made a diagnosis of Damum(痰飮) and treated vertigo by orietal medicine(herbal medication, acupuncture) referred to many medical practitioner of many generations. We suggest that digestive sypmtom(related to Damum(痰飮), abdominal examination and stool frequency are closely associated with vertigo and could be estimated prognosis of vertigo.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.105-110
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• 2023

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine whether the degree of dizziness affects static balance due to the disruption or absence of the senses involved in balance. To this end, the correlation between the Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI), which objectively evaluates dizziness, the Fourier Index (FI; Frequency bands of postural oscillation, F1, F2-4, F5-6, F7-8) and the Stability Index (ST), which evaluates static balance ability, were examined. Methods: This study investigated balance and dizziness issues in 30 healthy young adults. Participants underwent multiple tests like the DHI and tetra-ataxiometric posturography (Tetrax) under different conditions (eyes open/closed, standing on a foam-rubber pillow, and with the head in various orientations). Results: We found that F1 exhibited a weak positive correlation with dizziness under normal conditions, as well as when the eyes were closed (r=0.396, p<0.05) and the head was tilted back (r=0.375, p<0.05). Meanwhile, F5-6 showed a moderate positive correlation with dizziness in both head-back (HB: r=0.471, p<0.05) and head-forward postures (r=0.404, p<0.05). Lastly, both F7-8 and ST demonstrated a moderate positive correlation with dizziness when the head was in a forward posture (F7-8: r=0.483; ST: r=0.403, p<0.05). Conclusion: The study results indicate that the severity of dizziness affects sensory systems and balance. It also suggests that head movements, especially forward and backward, further stimulate the vestibular system, intensifying dizziness, and balance problems in affected individuals.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SC
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.57-66
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• 2005

In this paper, a new rehabilitation training system was developed to improve equilibrium sense by combining virtual reality technology with a fixed exercise bicycle. The subjects consisted of two groups. A group of young people, was compared against a group of elderly. We measured three different running modes of virtual bicycle system with two successive sets. The parameters measured were running time, velocity, the weight movement, the degree of the deviation from the road, and the variables about the center of pressure. The repeated training, our results showed that the running capability of the elderly improve compared. In addition, it was found out that the ability of postural control and the equilibrium sense was improved with the presentation of the visual feedback information of the distribution of weight. From the results of this experiment, we showed that our newly developed system might be useful in the diagnosis of equilibrium sense or in the improvement of the sense of sight and, somatic, and vestibular sense of the elderly in the field of rehabilitation training.