• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 1999년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.457-464
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• 1999

The active earth pressure on the retaining wall is reduced by 3-Dimensional effects of the ground. Therefore, the test was focused on reducing the earth pressure on the retaining wall by inserting the vertical reinforcement in the backfill ground to develope the 3-Dimensional effects. Model tests in sand were peformed to measure the 3-Dimensional effects of the vertical reinforcement on the active earth pressure and its distribution and results were compared with the theories. The size of the vertical reinforcement, the geometry of the backfill space, and the wall friction of vertical reinforcement were varied. It was observed that the active earth pressure and its distribution on the underground structure were affected by the size of the vertical reforcements and wall friction.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 1999년도 연약지반처리위원회 학술세미나
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• pp.62-70
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• 1999

Artesian pressure exists in Yangsan site, the maximum value of which has been measured as high as 5 t/m$^2$. This paper deals with the prediction of consolidation settlement for the site with artesian pressure. The consolidation settlement at the site has been accelerated using vertical band drains. Since the artesian pressure gives lower effective stress than a static condition, its effect should be considered in the settlement prediction. This case study shows that the prediction of settlement and pore pressure dissipation agrees well with the measurements, when considering the artesian effect.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.375-384
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• 2020

In this study, the application of conventional cubic law to a deep depth condition was experimentally evaluated. Moreover, a modified equation for estimating the rock permeability at a deep depth was suggested using precise hydraulic tests and an effect analysis according to the vertical stress, pore water pressure and fracture roughness. The experimental apparatus which enabled the generation of high pore water pressure (< 10 MPa) and vertical stress (< 20 MPa) was manufactured, and the surface roughness of a cylindrical rock sample was quantitatively analyzed by means of 3D (three-dimensional) laser scanning. Experimental data of the injected pore water pressure and outflow rate obtained through the hydraulic test were applied to the cubic law equation, which was used to estimate the permeability of rock fracture. The rock permeability was estimated under various pressure (vertical stress and pore water pressure) and geometry (roughness) conditions. Finally, an empirical formula was proposed by considering nonlinear flow behavior; the formula can be applied to evaluations of changes of rock permeability levels in deep underground facility such as nuclear waste disposal repository with high vertical stress and pore water pressure levels.

• 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.63-76
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• 2008

본 연구는 명확한 설계기준이 제시되어 있지 않은 국내의 수직구 설계기술 개선을 위하여 수행된 것으로, 국내외 설계기준 및 원형 수직구에 대한 이론적인 토압을 고찰하였고, 시공중인 수직구 2개소에 대하여 현장계측을 수행하여 수직구의 변형 및 작용하중분포 특성을 분석하였다. 심도별 토압 및 작용하중분포는 신영완(2007)이 제안한 이론토압과 유사한 경향을 나타내었으며, 수직구 주변 지반의 비균질, 비등방성에 의하여 편측 변형 및 토압이 발생되는 것으로 분석되었다. 토사 및 풍화암의 편하중비($R_p$)는 단면형상비(H/R)에 따라 상이한 결과를 나타내었고, 암반은 35.0%미만의 편하중비($R_p$)를 적용하는 것이 적정한 것으로 검토되었다.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.233-246
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• 2014

Estimation of fracture initiation pressure is one of the most difficult technical challenges in hydraulic fracturing treatment of vertical or horizontal oil wells. In this study, the influence of in-situ stresses and pore pressure values on fracture initiation pressure and its profile in vertical and horizontal oil wells in a normal stress regime have been investigated. Cohesive elements with traction-separation law (XFEM-based cohesive law) are used for simulating the fracturing process in a fluid-solid coupling finite element model. The maximum nominal stress criterion is selected for initiation of damage in the cohesive elements. The stress intensity factors are verified for both XFEM-based cohesive law and analytical solution to show the validation of the cohesive law in fracture modeling where the compared results are in a very good agreement with less than 1% error. The results showed that, generally by increasing the difference between the maximum and minimum horizontal stress, the fracture pressure and its profile has been strongly changed in the vertical wells. Also, it's been clearly observed that in a horizontal well drilled in the direction of minimum horizontal stress, the values of fracture pressure have been significantly affected by the difference between overburden pressure and maximum horizontal stress. Additionally, increasing pore pressure from under-pressure regime to over-pressure state has made a considerable fall on fracture pressure in both vertical and horizontal oil wells.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.43-51
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• 1986

시료토(試料土)의 입경(粒經), 밀도(密度), 주입재(注入材)의 농도(濃度)를 변화(變化)시켜 불투수성(不透水性) 공시체(供試體)를 만들어 삼축압축시험(三軸壓縮試驗)에서 수직응력(垂直應力), 구속압(拘束壓)(${\sigma}_H$) 및 주입속도(注入速度)의 변화(變化)에 따라 공벽주변(孔壁周邊)에서 종할열시(縱割裂時)에 간극수압(間隙水壓)을 측정하여 간극수압(間隙水壓)~구속압(拘束壓)~종할열주입압(縱割裂注入壓)(${\sigma}$)~인장강도(引張强度)(${\sigma}_t$)와의 상관관계(相關關係)를 구하였다. 연약점성토(軟弱粘性土)에서의 이와 같은 수압파쇄현상(水壓破碎現象)은 탄성론(彈性論)에 의한 이론치(理論値)보다 낮은 주입압(注入壓)에서 발생하는데 이것은 구속압(拘束壓)에 의한 간극수압(間隙水壓)($U_a$)과 주입압(注入壓)에 의한 간극수압(間隙水壓)($U_i$)의 영향임(影響)을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 종할열발생시(縱割裂發生時)의 주입압(注入壓)은 다음과 같이 수정(修正)함이 바람직하다. $${\sigma}=2{{\sigma}_H}-(U_a+U_i)+{\sigma}_t$$.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.145-169
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• 2017

The auxiliary structures of a high-rise building, such as balconies, ribs, and grids, are usually much smaller than the whole building; therefore, it is difficult to simulate them on a scaled model during wind tunnel tests, and they are often ignored. However, they may have notable effects on the local or overall wind loads of the building. In the present study, a series of wind pressure wind tunnel tests and high-frequency force balance (HFFB) wind tunnel tests were conducted on rigid models of an actual super high-rise building with vertical ribs protruding from its facades. The effects of the depth and spacing of vertical ribs on the mean values, fluctuating values and the most unfavorable values of the local wind pressure coefficients were investigated by analyzing the distribution of wind pressure coefficients on the facades and the variations of the wind pressure coefficients at the cross section at 2/3 of the building height versus wind direction angle. In addition, the effects of the depth and spacing of vertical ribs on the mean values, fluctuating values and power spectra of the overall aerodynamic force coefficients were studied by analyzing the aerodynamic base moment coefficients. The results show that vertical ribs significantly decrease the most unfavorable suction coefficients in the corner recession regions and edge regions of facades and increase the mean and fluctuating along-wind overall aerodynamic forces.

• 대한설비공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한설비공학회 2008년도 하계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.883-888
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• 2008

Various effluents generated in cooking processes contribute a great deal to indoor air pollution among many other indoor pollutants such as dusts from outdoor and carbon dioxide from human body. Kitchen exhaust hoods are not believed to exhaust indoor contaminants properly in many cases, while generating too much noise. Instead of focusing on individual products of kitchen hoods, we should address the problem by attacking the ventilation system as a whole including vertical shafts and building air-tightness. In this study, it is intended to investigate the pressure distribution along the vertical shaft depending on various system parameters, such as shaft size, concurrent hood usage rate, roof fan, inlet pressure loss, and outdoor temperature. The maximum static pressure in the vertical shaft has been obtained using the method of design of experiments and analyzed by the analysis of variance. The results can be used for the design of kitchen exhaust systems by analyzing the pressure distributions in vertical shafts.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2020년도 봄 학술논문 발표대회
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• pp.111-112
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• 2020

As buildings in South Korea become more skyscrapers, the risk of fire is also emerging. Thus, regulations, regulations, and guidelines are being improved to prevent the spread of smoke in the event of a fire in high-rise buildings, but research on smoke flow and pressure distribution in vertical spaces is insufficient. Therefore, in this study, the temperature of each floor in the vertical space according to the size of the fire is measured through the miniature model experiment, and the pressure difference is calculated to establish the basic data for the improvement of the performance of domestic air supply facilities in the future. Thus, a scale model of one-sixth the size of the actual building was produced to measure the temperature, and the pressure difference was derived by substituting the value for the expression. The pressure difference varies depending on the size of the cause of the fire, and it is believed that the differential pressure and conditions of the building should be taken into account before calculating the supply volume for the analysis of the pressure difference according to the size of the cause of the fire in the event of fire.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.49-55
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• 2003

본 연구에서는 연직말뚝과 경사말뚝에 대하여 수행한 압력토조 모형실험을 통하여 경사말뚝의 연직하중과 침하량 관계로부터 경사각도에 따른 압축지지력의 증가양상을 분석하였다. 실트질 모래로 형성된 상대밀도 50%의 포화지반에 경사각 0$^\circ$, 5$^\circ$, $10^\circ$, 15$^\circ$, 20$^\circ$의 모형 개단강관말뚝을 항타 관입하였으며, 압력토조내의 구속압력을 35, 70, 그리고 120 kPa로 변화시키면서 재하실험을 수행하였다. 연직 압축지지력은 경사각도가 커짐에 따라 증가하였으며 분석방법에 따라 증가율에는 다소의 차이가 수반되었으나 경사각 5$^\circ$, $10^\circ$, 15$^\circ$인 경우 지지력 증가율은 각각 111, 121, 127 ~ 140 % 정도를 나타내었다. 경사각이 20$^\circ$ 이상인 경우에는 말뚝 두부의 전도로 인하여 모형실험의 수행이 곤란하였다.