• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
• /
• 제49권1호
• /
• pp.196-208
• /
• 2017

This study presents an experimental work in a petrochemical company for scanning a buried pipeline using $Tc^{99m}$ radiotracer based on the measured velocity changes, in order to determine the flow reduction along a pipeline. In this work, $Tc^{99m}$ radiotracer was injected into the pipeline and monitored by sodium iodide scintillation detectors located at several positions along the pipeline. The flow velocity has been calculated between every two consecutive detectors along the pipeline. Practically, six experiments have been carried out using two different data acquisition systems, each of them being connected to four detectors. During the fifth experiment, a bypass was discovered between the scanned pipeline and another buried parallel pipeline connected after the injection point. The results indicate that the bypass had a bad effect on the volumetric flow rate in the scanned pipeline.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
• /
• 제32권11호
• /
• pp.863-869
• /
• 2008

This paper investigated the new calibration algorithm of a straight-type five-hole pressure probe for measuring three-dimensional flow velocity components. This new calibration algorithm was used for velocity data reduction from the calibration map and based on the combination of a look-up, a binary search algorithm and a geometry transformation including the translation and reflection of nodes in a calibration map. The calibration map was expanded up to the application angle, ${\pm}55^{\circ}$ of a probe. This velocity data reduction method showed a perfect performance without any kind of interpolating errors in calculating yaw and pitch angles from the calibration map. Moreover, when it was applied to an actual flow field including a swirling flow, a good result came out on the whole.

• Wind and Structures
• /
• 제29권6호
• /
• pp.389-403
• /
• 2019

In this study, two original spectral representations of stationary stochastic fields, say the continuous proper orthogonal decomposition (CPOD) and the frequency-wavenumber spectral representation (FWSR), are derived from the Fourier-Stieltjes integral at first. Meanwhile, the relations between the above two representations are discussed detailedly. However, the most widely used conventional Monte Carlo schemes associated with the two representations still leave two difficulties unsolved, say the high dimension of random variables and the incompleteness of probability with respect to the generated sample functions of the stochastic fields. In view of this, a dimension-reduction model involving merely one elementary random variable with the representative points set owing assigned probabilities is proposed, realizing the refined description of probability characteristics for the stochastic fields by generating just several hundred representative samples with assigned probabilities. In addition, for the purpose of overcoming the defects of simulation efficiency and accuracy in the FWSR, an improved scheme of non-uniform wavenumber intervals is suggested. Finally, the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) algorithm is adopted to further enhance the simulation efficiency of the horizontal stochastic wind velocity fields. Numerical examplesfully reveal the validity and superiorityof the proposed methods.

• 한국대기환경학회지
• /
• 제22권5호
• /
• pp.693-700
• /
• 2006

The important factor for the development of burner is the achievement of low emissions with maintaining combustibility. In case of maintaining high temperature flame and excess air to increase the combustibility, it is possible to achieve high combustion efficiency, due to the reduction of UHC(unborn hydrocarbon), carbon monoxide and soot. However, it is difficult to reduce the thermal NOx produced in the high temperature flame. To solve this problem, we developed externally oscillated oil burner which is possible for the high efficiency combustion and low NOx emission, simultaneously. The experiment of flame characteristics and NOx reduction were achieved according to the variation of frequency, amplitude and air velocity. Frequency, amplitude and air velocity are the most important parameter. The optimum operating conditions are frequency 1,900 Hz, amplitude 3 $V_{pp.}$ and air velocity 6.8 m/s. Reduction of NOx and CO are 47% and 22%, respectively.

• 소성∙가공
• /
• 제7권4호
• /
• pp.340-346
• /
• 1998

A kinematically admissible velocity field is developed for the analysis of twisting of the extruded products with elliptical shapes from round billet. The twisting of extruded product is caused by the lin-early increased rotational velocity from the center on the cross-section of the workpiece at the die exit. In the analysis the rotational velocity in angular direction is assumed by the multiplication of radial distance and angular velocity. The angular velocity is zero at the die entrance. The increase rate of angular velocity is determined by the minimization of plastic work. The results of the analysis show that the angular velocity of the extruded product in creases with the die twisting angle, the aspect ratio of product the friction condition, the reduction of area, and decreases with the die length.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국정밀공학회 2001년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.1089-1092
• /
• 2001

In the stereolithography process, build parameters are laser power, scan velocity, scan width, bean diameter, layer thickness and so on. These values are determined according to product accuracy and build time. Build time can be reduced by improving of scan velocity, laser power, layer thickness, hatching space and so on. But variation of these parameters influence part accuracy, surface roughness, strength. This paper observed cure properties in various beam diameter. In order to examine these, relationships of scan velocity and cure depth, scan velocity and cure width according to various beam diameter in one scan line are measured. And cure thickness is measured according to beam diameter and scan velocity in scan surface of one layer. For reduction of build time, beam diameter and scan velocity is proposed in stereolithography process.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
• /
• 제26권7호
• /
• pp.991-996
• /
• 2002

This paper presents the fabrication method of a micro-riblet film (MRF) using MEMS technology and the experimental results of the drag reduction of an airfoil with MRFs. Riblets having grooved surface in the streamwise direction has been proven as an effective passive control technique of the drag reduction. A V-grooved pattern on (100) silicon wafer is etched with anisotropic bulk micromachining. The MRF is completed by replicating the V-grooved pattern with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). Experiments were performed by measuring a velocity field behind the trailing edge of a NACA 0012 airfoil with and without MRFs in a closed-type subsonic wind tunnel using particle image velocimetry (PlV) technique. The MRF provides about 3.8 % drag reduction compared to the drag on a smooth airfoil when the freestream velocity of wind tunnel is 3.3 m/s.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한기계학회 2008년도 추계학술대회B
• /
• pp.2874-2879
• /
• 2008

The Selective catalytic reduction(SCR) system is a highly-effective device of $NO_x$ reduction for diesel engines. Generally, the ammonia($NH_3$) generated from a liquid urea-water solution is used for the reductant. The ideal ratio of $NH_3$ molecules to $NO_x$ molecules is 1:1 based on $NH_3$ consumption and having $NH_3$ available for reaction of all of the exhaust $NO_x$. However, under the too low and too high temperature condition, the $NO_x$ reduction efficiency becomes lower, due to temperature window. And space velocity also affects to $NO_x$ conversion efficiency. This paper reviews a laboratory study to evaluate the effects of $NO_x$ and $NH_3$ concentrations, gas temperature and space velocity on the $NO_x$ conversion efficiency of the SCR system. The maximum conversion efficiency of $NO_x$ was indicated when the $NH_3$ to $NO_x$ ratio was 1.2 and the space velocity was $60,000\;h^{-1}$. The results of this paper contribute to improve overall $NO_x$ reduction efficiency and $NH_3$ slip.

• 동력기계공학회지
• /
• 제12권4호
• /
• pp.18-25
• /
• 2008

This paper investigated the new calibration algorithm of a straight-type five-hole pressure probe necessary for calculating three-dimensional flow velocity components. The new data reduction method Includes a look-up, a geometry transformation such as the translation and reflection of nodes, and a binary search algorithm. This new calibration map was applied up to the application angle, ${\pm}55^{\circ}$ of a probe. As a result, this data reduction method showed a perfect performance without any kind of interpolation errors In calculating yaw and pitch angle from the calibration map.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
• /
• 제38권8호
• /
• pp.763-778
• /
• 2006

Injection of microbubbles within the turbulent boundary layer has been investigated for several years as a method to achieve drag reduction. However, the physical mechanism of this phenomenon is not yet fully understood. Experiments in a channel flow for single phase (water) and two phase (water and microbubbles) flows with various void fraction values are studied for a Reynolds number of 5128 based on the half height of the channel and bulk velocity. The state-of-the art Particle Tracking Velocimetry (PTV) measurement technique is used to measure the instantaneous full-field velocity components. Comparisons between turbulent statistical quantities with various values of local void fraction are presented to elucidate the influence of the microbubbles presence within the boundary layer. A decrease in the Reynolds stress distribution and turbulence production is obtained with the increase of microbubble concentration. The results obtained indicate a decorrelation of the streamwise and normal fluctuating velocities when microbubbles are injected within the boundary layer.