• Geomechanics and Engineering
• /
• 제33권5호
• /
• pp.427-437
• /
• 2023

The objective of this work is to study the wave propagation of an FGM plate via a new integral inverse shear model with temperature-dependent material properties. In this contribution, a new model based on a high-order theory field of displacement is included by introducing indeterminate integral variables and inverse co-tangential functions for the presentation of shear stress. The temperature-dependent properties of the FGM plate are assumed mixture of metal and ceramic, and its properties change by the power functions of the thickness of the plate. By applying Hamilton's principle, general formulas of wave propagation were obtained to plot the phase velocity curves and wave modes of the FGM plate with simply supported edges. The effects of the temperature and volume fraction by distributions on wave propagation of the FGM plate are investigated in detail. The results of the dispersion and the phase velocity curves of the propagation wave in the functionally graded plate are compared with previous research.

• 대한토목학회논문집
• /
• 제6권1호
• /
• pp.25-33
• /
• 1986

일반적(一般的)으로 대규모(大規模) 하천(河川)은 저수로(低水路)와 고수부지(高水敷地)를 갖는 복단면수로(複斷面水路)로 되어있다. 복단면(複斷面) 수로(修路)에 대한 일반적인 해석방법은 저수로(低水路)에서 고수부지(高水敷地)로의 운동량(運動量) 전달(傳達)을 무시하였기 때문에 소통능력을 과대하게 평가(評價)하는 경향을 보여왔다. 따라서 본(本) 연구(硏究)에서는 운동량(運動量) 전달(傳達)을 고려하여 비대칭 고수부지(高水敷地)를 갖는 구형단면(矩形斷面)의 실험수로(實驗水路)에서 실험(實驗)하였으며, 단면의 여러 점에서 유속(流速)을 측정(測定)하고 유속분포(流速分布)로부터 경계층의 전단응력을 계산하여 윤변을 따라 이를 적분(積分)하여 겉보기 전단력을 구한다. 그리고 복단면(複斷面) 수로(水路)에서의 수리학적(水理學的) 특성(特性)을 실험단면(實驗斷面)의 유속분포(流速分布), 경계층의 전단응력(剪斷應力), 그리고 겉보기 전단력 등의 여러 가지 관계로부터 규명하였다.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
• /
• 제26권5호
• /
• pp.629-639
• /
• 2002

In-vitro flow characteristics downstream of a polyurethane artificial heart valve and a Bjork-Shiley Monostrut mechanical valve have been comparatively investigated in pulsatile flow using particle image velocimetry (PIV). With a triggering system and a time-delayed circuit the velocity distributions on the two perpendicular measurement planes downstream of the valves are evaluated at any given instant in conjunction with the opening behaviors of valve leaflets during a cardiac cycle. The regions of stasis and high shear stress can be found simultaneously by examining the entire view of the instantaneous velocity and Reynolds shear stress fields. It is known that high shear stress regions exist at the interface between strong axial jet flows along the wall and vortical flows in the central area distal to the valves. In addition. there are large stagnation or recirculation regions in the vicinity of the valve leaflet, where thrombus formation can be induced by accumulation of blood elements damaged in the high shear stress zones. A correlation between the unsteady flow patterns downstream of the valve and the corresponding opening postures of the polyurethane valve membrane gives useful data necessary for improved design of the frame structure and leaflet geometry of the polyurethane valve.

• 한국안전학회지
• /
• 제28권5호
• /
• pp.54-60
• /
• 2013

In this study, a finite element model based on the SU/PG scheme was developed to solve shallow-water equations and the influences of parameters and internal boundary conditions on depth-averaged flow behavior were investigated. To analyze the effect of roughness coefficient and eddy viscosity on flow characteristics, the developed model was applied to rectangular meandering channel with two bends, and transverse velocities and water depth distributions were examined. As the roughness coefficient adjacent to wall increased, the velocities near the wall decreased, and the reduced velocities were compensated by the expanding mid-channel velocities. In addition, the flow characteristics around a circular cylinder were analyzed by varying the internal boundary conditions as free slip and no slip. The assignment of slip condition changed the velocity distribution on the cylinder surface and reduced the magnitude of the shear stress up to one third.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
• /
• 제24권3호
• /
• pp.382-389
• /
• 2000

The instantaneous and ensemble averaged flow characteristics of a round jet issuing normally into a crossflow was studied using a flow visualization technique and Particle Image Velocimetry measurements. Experiments were performed at a jet-to-crossflow velocity ratio, 3.3, and two Reynolds numbers, 1050 and 2100, based on crossflow velocity and jet diameter. Instantaneous laser tomographic images of the vertical center plane of the crossflow jet showed that there exist very different natures in the flow structures of the near field jet even though the velocity ratio is the same. It was found that the shear layer becomes much thicker when the Reynolds number is 2100 due to the strong entrainment of the inviscid fluid by turbulent interaction between the jet and crossflow. The mean and second order statistics were calculated by ensemble averaging over 1000 realizations of instantaneous velocity fields. The detail characteristics of mean flow field, stream wise and vertical r.m.s. velocity fluctuations, and Reynolds shear stress distributions were presented. The new PlV results were compared with those from previous experimental and LES studies.

• 대한의용생체공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한의용생체공학회 1995년도 춘계학술대회
• /
• pp.113-116
• /
• 1995

Steady and physiological flows of a Newtonian fluid and blood in the bifurcated arterial vessel are numerically simulated. Distributions of velocity, pressure and wall shear stress in the bifurcated arterial vessel are calculated to investigate the differences between steady and physiological flows. For the given Reynolds number physiological flow characteristics of a Newtonian fluid and blood in the bifurcated arterial vessel are quite different from those of steady flows. No flow separation or flow reversal in the bifurcated region in the downstream after stenosis appears during the acceleration phase. Also, no recirculation region is seen for steady flows. However, during the deceleration phase the flow began to exhibit flow reversal, which is eventually extended to the entire wall region.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
• /
• 제25권7호
• /
• pp.967-974
• /
• 2001

Experimental investigations on the flow characteristics of downstream region of a butterfly valve, which is used in SI engine, have been conducted according to Reynolds number and valve angle. Measurement programs of the flowfield using x-type of hotwire anemometry include the mean and fluctuating velocity, turbulnet intensity, shear stress, power spectrum and pressure loss coefficient. Experimental results show that flow characteristics and independent of relatively high Reynolds number; 60,000 and 80,000. It is also seen that streamwise mean velocities have relatively large velocity gradient around the butterfly valve with increasing the valve opening angle and this trend appears even in the far downstream region. The distributions of turbulent intensity and shear stress show irregular behavior regardless of the valve opening angle and those of the case of the valve opening angle of 45°are the largest. The pressure loss coefficient of the body surface of the throttle valve increases mildly with the increase of Reynolds number and increases rapidly with the reduction of the valve opening angle.

• 대한기계학회논문집
• /
• 제17권2호
• /
• pp.416-425
• /
• 1993

To investigate the characteristics of the merged jet arising from the interaction of two opposing curved wall jets over a circular cylinder in still air, mean velocity, Reynolds stresses, triple moments and integral length scale were measured using hot-wire anenometry. The turbulent kinetic energy and shear stress budget were evaluated using the measured data. The variations of the Reynolds stresses, the triple moment and integral length scale are severe in the interaction region. The pressure diffusion terms are found to be very large when compared the other terms in the interaction region. The distributions of the Reynolds stress and the triple moment in the similar region are found to be similar to those of conventional plane jets.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
• /
• 제18권1호
• /
• pp.153-166
• /
• 2004

This paper presents a comparative study of a fully coupled, upwind, compressible Navier-Stokes code with three two-equation models and the Baldwin-Lomax algebraic model in predicting transonic/supersonic flow. The k-$\varepsilon$ turbulence model of Abe performed well in predicting the pressure distributions and the velocity profiles near the flow separation over the axisymmetric bump, even though there were some discrepancies with the experimental data in the shear-stress distributions. Additionally, it is noted that this model has y$\^$*/ in damping functions instead of y$\^$＋/. The turbulence model of Abe and Wilcox showed better agreements in skin friction coefficient distribution with the experimental data than the other models did for a supersonic compression ramp problem. Wilcox's model seems to be more reliable than the other models in terms of numerical stability. The two-equation models revealed that the redevelopment of the boundary layer was somewhat slow downstream of the reattachment portion.

• 해양환경안전학회지
• /
• 제8권1호
• /
• pp.101-108
• /
• 2002

This experimental study was performed to investigate internal flow and unsteady flow characteristics using a model for actual shape of a Plate heat exchanger and visualization of flow through the particle image velocimetry. Seven Reynolds numbers were selected by calculation with the height of grooved channel and sectional mean velocity of inlet flow in the experiment, and instantaneous velocity distributions and flow characteristics were experimently investigated. The triangular grooved channel had a compound flow consisting of the flow in lower channel and the groove flow receiving shear stress by the channel flow in the experiment. The sheared mixing layer, in the boundary between the triangular groove and the channel. affected main flow to raise turbulent in the channel.