Park, Young-Kwon;Noh, Sang Gyun;Cho, Kyu Sang;Jeon, Jong-Ki
Korean Chemical Engineering Research
/
v.44
no.4
/
pp.363-368
/
2006
This study selected the optimal catalyst for the process of producing $C_9$-alcohol by hydrogenating $C_9$-aldehyde, and carried out an experiment in order to establish the operating condition for maximizing the yield of $C_9$-alcohol. The BET surface area and the specific area of copper were most excellent in $CuO/ZnO/Al_2O_3$ (60:30:10 wt%) catalyst produced using acetate as a precursor of copper and $Na_2CO_3$ as a precipitant, and the catalyst also showed the highest performance in $C_9$-aldehyde hydrogenation. Using a trickle bed reactor loaded with optimized catalyst, we attained 94.1 wt% yield of $C_9$-alcohol under the condition of $175^{\circ}C$, 800 psi and $WHSV=3hr^{-1}$. According to the result of comparing with other catalysts used in the hydrogenation of aldehyde, the catalyst showed similar performance to that of Ni/kieselghur and higher than that of $Cu-Ni-Cr-Na/Al_2O_3$ and $Ni-Mo/Al_2O_3$. According to the result of examining the stability of the catalyst through a long-term catalysis test, the yield of $C_9$-alcohol decreased slowly after around 72 hours due to the increasing production of high boiling-point byproducts.
Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
/
v.6
no.1
/
pp.78-82
/
2005
Display manufacturing process has adopted RCA cleaning, applying to larger area and coping with environmental issue for last ten years. However, the approaching concept of ozonized, hydrogenised, or electrolyzed water cleaning technologies is within RCA clean paradigm. In this work, only electrolyzed anode water was applied to clean particles and organics as well as metals based on Pourbaix concept, and as a test vehicle, MgO particles were introduced to prove the new concept. The electrolyzed anode water is very oxidative with high oxidation reduction potential (ORP) and low in pH of more than 900 mV and 3.1, respectively. MgO particles were immersed in the anode water and its weight losses due to dissolution were measured with time. Weight losses were in the ranges of 100 to 500 micrograms in 250 ml anode water depending on their ORP and pH. Therefore it was concluded that the cleaning radicals in the anode water was at least in the range of 1 to $5{\times}10^{20}$ ea per 250 ml anode water equivalent to $1{\times}10^{18} ea/cm^2$. Hence it can be assumed that the anode water applied to display cleaning from now on $1{\times}10^{10}$ to $1{\times}10^{15} ea/cm^2$ ranges of contaminants are being treated. In addition, it was observed that anode water did not develop micro-roughness on hydrophobic surface while it did on the native silicon oxide.
Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
/
v.17
no.8
/
pp.624-629
/
2016
A brake lever in a basic railway brake system is an important safety device that delivers braking force from the brake cylinder to the brake pad. The safety guidelines for designing rolling stock only qualitatively describe that the brake lever should have sufficient strength. Each train has a different type of brake lever. One brake lever that was designed with a factor of safety of 1.27 has failed, so the material was changed to increase the strength. Therefore, the stress distribution and weak points of the lever were identified by theoretical analysis. and structural analysis. Different brake lever designs were examined for KTX high-speed trains, which have a split-type structure, as well as for electric locomotives, which use an electric multiple unit (EMU) with a unity-type structure. A fracture test was also done to look at the relationship between the vertical stress and the bending stress during braking. The results were used to find a safety factor to apply to each train and suggest quantitative minimum guidelines. We also looked at changing the unity-type EMU brake lever to the split type under the same conditions and analyzed how much the design change affected the factor of safety.
Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
/
v.18
no.12
/
pp.762-767
/
2017
This paper presents an analysis for improving the power transfer capability in transmission lines caused by the movable load charging of electric vehicles (EVs). EVs are expected to be used more widely and replace gas fuel vehicles in the near future due to the shortage of fossil fuels and for environmental preservation. Movable load charging of EVs could lead to the convergence of transferred power flow and overloading conditions in transmission lines in a specific area of a power system, which is conventionally based on estimated fixed load capability. To analyze these conditions, the New England Test System was divided into four regions based on the load characteristics, and different charging scenarios were considered. In these scenarios, the regional power load was highly increased to 31% based on the standard charging capacity of an EV. As a solution to the overloading problem of transmission lines, a TCSC was installed serially on the overloaded line to directly control the transferred power under limited line capability (100% load capability). The simulation showed that the application of a few TCSCs could efficiently and economically control the line capability problem caused by movable load charging of EVs.
The aim of this study was to test if 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3) are involved in the osmoregulatory actions in euryhaline starry flounder Platichthys stellatus. We investigated osmoregulatory parameters ($Na^+,\;Cl^-$ and osmolality), blood cortisol and glucose in starry flounder acclimated to seawater (SW, 33 psu) and that were transferred and allowed to acclimate to freshwater (FW, 0 psu). Fish in SW were injected with T3 (5, 10, and $15{\mu}g$/g body weight) or vehicle (0.9% NaCl), and then transferred to FW. They were sampled 3 days after the transfer. With T3 at $10{\mu}g$/g, levels of plasma $Na^+$ and $Cl^-$ were significantly higher than in sham (only saline) and control fish (without hormone and saline). Osmolality was significantly higher after injection with T3 at 10 and $15{\mu}g$/g than in the control. However, T3 at $5{\mu}g$/g had no effect on hyper-osmoregulation. In this study, all dose of T3 induced a significant increases in plasma cortisol without glucose. These results suggest a positive hyper-osmoregulatory role of T3 in starry flounder to hypoosmotic environment, maybe a positive interaction of T3 with cortisol for maintenance of hyper-osmoregulatory ability.
This paper addressed the issue of a generalized cost model for transit assignment. The model composed of walk time, waiting time (including transfer waiting time), line-haul time, transfer walk time, and fare. The weights of each component were supposed to be calculated using the stated preference (SP) data, which were collected prudently in order to reflect reality. The marginal rate of substitution and wage rate were applied to calculate the weights. The results showed that the weight of walking time per in-vehicle travel time (IVTT) was 1.507, the weight of waiting time (per IVTT) was 1.749, that of transfer time (per IVTT) was 1.474, and that of fare (per IVTT) was 1.476 for trips between inner-city areas in Seoul. Weights for each component were identified as 1.871, 1.967, 1.015, and 0.857, respectively, for trips between Seoul and Gyeonggi. Statistical significance existed between two cases and each variable was also statistically significant. Transit assignment using the relative weights estimated in this study was implemented to analyze the travel index in a macroscopic and quantitative basis. The results showed that average total travel times were 30.23 minutes and 63.29 minutes and average generalized costs were 2,510 won and 3,880 won for trips between inner-city areas in Seoul and between Seoul and Gyeonggi, respectively.
Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
/
v.24
no.1
/
pp.134-142
/
2010
Although BinSo-San(BSS), a mixed herbal formula consisted of 11 types of medicinal herbs and have been used as anti-inflammatory agent, In the present study, the acute toxicity (single oral dose toxicity) of lyophilized BSS aqueous extracts was monitored in male and female mice after oral administration according to Korea Food and Drug Administration (KFDA) Guidelines (2005-60, 2005). In order to observe the 50% lethal dose ($LD_{50}$), approximate lethal dosage (ALD), maximum tolerance dosage (MTD) and target organs, test articles were once orally administered to female and male ICR mice at dose levels of 2000, 1000, 500, 250 and 0 (control) mg/kg (body wt.) according to the recommendation of KFDA Guidelines (2005-60, 2005). The mortality and changes on body weight, clinical signs and gross observation were monitored during 14 days after dosing according to KFDA Guidelines (2005-60, 2005) with organ weight and histopathology of 12 types of principle organs. We could not find any mortality, clinical signs and changes in the body weights except for dose-independent increases of body weight and gains restricted in 1000 mg/kg of BSS extracts-dosing female group. Hypertrophic changes of lymphoid organs.thymus, spleen and popliteal lymph nodes were detectedat postmortem observation with BSS extracts dose-dependent increases of lymphoid organ weights, and hyperplasia of lymphoid cells in these all three lymphoid organs at histopathological observations. These changes are considered as results of pharmacological effects of BSS extracts or their components, immunomodulating effects, not toxicological signs. In addition, some sporadic accidental findings such as congestion spots, cyst formation in kidney, atrophy of thymus and spleen with depletion of lymphoid cells, and edematous changes of uterus with desquamation of uterus mucosa as estrus cycles were detected throughout the whole experimental groups including both male and female vehicle controls. The significant (p<0.01) increases of absolute weights of kidney and pancreas detected in BSS extracts 1000 mg/kg-treated female group are considered as secondary changes from increases of body weights. The results obtained in this study suggest that the BSS extract is non-toxic in mice and is therefore likely to be safe for clinical use. The LD50 and ALD of BSS aqueous extracts in both female and male mice were considered as over 2000 mg/kg because no mortalities were detected upto 2000 mg/kg that was the highest dose recommended by KFDA and OECD. In addition, the MTD of BSS extracts was also considered as over 2000 mg/kg because no BSS extracts-treatment related toxicological signs were detected at histopathological observation except for BSS or their component-related pharmacological effects, the immunomodulating effects detected in the present study.
Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
/
v.24
no.1
/
pp.143-151
/
2010
In Vivo and In vitro antispasmodic effects of Jun-Si-Baek-Chul-San, a Traditional Korean Polyherbal Medicineconsisted of 7 types of herbs were observed in the present study. To clarify the effects of Jun-Si-Baek-Chul-San, on accelerating small intestinal movement induced by the stimulation of cholinergic neurotransmission, we evaluated the effects of Jun-Si-Baek-Chul-San on In vivo carbachol (an acetylcholinergic agent)-accelerated mice small intestinal transit and on In vitro contractions induced by low-frequency electrostimulation, KCl, histamine or acetylcholine using isolated guinea pig ileum. To induce the acceleration of mice small intestinal transit, Carbachol 1 mg/kg was once subcutaneously dosed 15min before last administration of the test drugs. In the present study, Jun-Si-Baek-Chul-San 500, 250 and 125 mg/kg or domperidone 20 mg/kg were orally pretreated on the carbachol-accelerated mice small intestinal transit once a day for 7 days and the small intestinal transit rateof activated charcoal powder were monitored. In vitro assays, Jun-Si-Baek-Chul-San1, 0.1, 0.01 and 0.001 mg/ml or domperidone $2{\times}10^{-5}M$ were treated 10min before ileal contraction was induced by filed stimulation, acetylcholine, KCl and histamine, and the % changes of contractions were observed compared to the treatment of inducer alone. In spontaneous contraction, the % changes of contractions were observed compared to treatment of vehicle alone at 10min after Jun-Si-Baek-Chul-San or domperidone treatment. The efficacy of Jun-Si-Baek-Chul-San was compared to those of domperidone. High concentration, 1 mg/ml of Jun-Si-Baek-Chul-San was found to decrease the spontaneous contraction of the isolated guinea-pig ileum. In addition, Jun-Si-Baek-Chul-San decrease contractions induced by electrostimulation, acetylcholine, histamine and KCl in the isolated guinea-pig ileum. In addition, Jun-Si-Baek-Chul-San effectively inhibited the accelerated small intestinal movement induced by carbachol stimulation of cholinergic neurotransmission in In vivo. Based on the results, although the exact molecular or action mechanism and which herbs or compound in Jun-Si-Baek-Chul-San are responsible for actions, it was concluded that Jun-Si-Baek-Chul-San normalization in the accelerated intestinal motility might be interfere with a variety of muscarinic, adrenergic and histaminic receptor activities or with the mobilization of calcium ions required for smooth muscle contraction non-specificly. Therefore, it is expected that Jun-Si-Baek-Chul-San will be promising as a prescription of clinical treatment of digestive tract disorders such as accelerated the motility of intestine, diarrhea or intestinal painful contractions.
Recently the demand for drones is rapidly increasing, as developing Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) and growing interest in them. Compared to traditional satellite and aerial imagery, it can be used for various researches (environment, geographic information, ocean observation, and remote sensing) because it can be managed with low operating costs and effective data acquisition. However, there is a disadvantage in that only a small area is acquired compared to the satellite and an aircraft, which is a traditional remote sensing method, depending on the battery capacity of the UAV, and the distance limit between Ground Control System (GCS) and UAV. If remote control at long range is possible, the possibility of using UAV in the field of remote sensing can be increased. Therefore, there is a need for a communication network system capable of controlling regardless of the distance between the UAV and the GCS. The distance between UAV and GCS can be transmitted and received using simple radio devices (RF 2.4 GHz, 915 MHz, 433 MHz), which is limited to around 2 km. If the UAV can be managed simultaneously by improving the operating environment of the UAV using a Long-Term Evolution (LTE) communication network, it can make greater effects by converging with the existing industries. In this study, we performed the maximum straight-line distance 6.1 km, the test area 2.2 ㎢, and the total flight distance 41.75 km based on GCS through LTE communication. In addition, we analyzed the possibility of disconnected communication through the base station of LTE communication.
The goals of this paper are two folds: i) to evaluate whether the data collected by a license plate matching AVI equipment being operated on some segment of a national highway are suitable or not for use in travel time estimation of interrupted traffic flows; ii) to study the statistical methodologies to be used for the determination of the optimal aggregation interval for travel time estimation. In this study it was found that the AVI data are not representative because the data are collected on some selected lanes of a roadway where main traffic is thru-traffic and, thus the AVI data are different from those collected from all lanes in traffic characteristics. For the determination of the optimal aggregation interval for travel time estimation. two statistical methods. namely point estimation and interval estimation. were tested. The test shows that the point estimation method is more sensitive and gives more desirable results in determing the optimal aggregation interval than the interval estimation method. And it turned out that the optimal aggregation interval on interrupted traffic flows has been calculated as 5 minute and thus the existing aggregation interval. 5 minute is proper.
본 웹사이트에 게시된 이메일 주소가 전자우편 수집 프로그램이나
그 밖의 기술적 장치를 이용하여 무단으로 수집되는 것을 거부하며,
이를 위반시 정보통신망법에 의해 형사 처벌됨을 유념하시기 바랍니다.
[게시일 2004년 10월 1일]
이용약관
제 1 장 총칙
제 1 조 (목적)
이 이용약관은 KoreaScience 홈페이지(이하 “당 사이트”)에서 제공하는 인터넷 서비스(이하 '서비스')의 가입조건 및 이용에 관한 제반 사항과 기타 필요한 사항을 구체적으로 규정함을 목적으로 합니다.
제 2 조 (용어의 정의)
① "이용자"라 함은 당 사이트에 접속하여 이 약관에 따라 당 사이트가 제공하는 서비스를 받는 회원 및 비회원을
말합니다.
② "회원"이라 함은 서비스를 이용하기 위하여 당 사이트에 개인정보를 제공하여 아이디(ID)와 비밀번호를 부여
받은 자를 말합니다.
③ "회원 아이디(ID)"라 함은 회원의 식별 및 서비스 이용을 위하여 자신이 선정한 문자 및 숫자의 조합을
말합니다.
④ "비밀번호(패스워드)"라 함은 회원이 자신의 비밀보호를 위하여 선정한 문자 및 숫자의 조합을 말합니다.
제 3 조 (이용약관의 효력 및 변경)
① 이 약관은 당 사이트에 게시하거나 기타의 방법으로 회원에게 공지함으로써 효력이 발생합니다.
② 당 사이트는 이 약관을 개정할 경우에 적용일자 및 개정사유를 명시하여 현행 약관과 함께 당 사이트의
초기화면에 그 적용일자 7일 이전부터 적용일자 전일까지 공지합니다. 다만, 회원에게 불리하게 약관내용을
변경하는 경우에는 최소한 30일 이상의 사전 유예기간을 두고 공지합니다. 이 경우 당 사이트는 개정 전
내용과 개정 후 내용을 명확하게 비교하여 이용자가 알기 쉽도록 표시합니다.
제 4 조(약관 외 준칙)
① 이 약관은 당 사이트가 제공하는 서비스에 관한 이용안내와 함께 적용됩니다.
② 이 약관에 명시되지 아니한 사항은 관계법령의 규정이 적용됩니다.
제 2 장 이용계약의 체결
제 5 조 (이용계약의 성립 등)
① 이용계약은 이용고객이 당 사이트가 정한 약관에 「동의합니다」를 선택하고, 당 사이트가 정한
온라인신청양식을 작성하여 서비스 이용을 신청한 후, 당 사이트가 이를 승낙함으로써 성립합니다.
② 제1항의 승낙은 당 사이트가 제공하는 과학기술정보검색, 맞춤정보, 서지정보 등 다른 서비스의 이용승낙을
포함합니다.
제 6 조 (회원가입)
서비스를 이용하고자 하는 고객은 당 사이트에서 정한 회원가입양식에 개인정보를 기재하여 가입을 하여야 합니다.
제 7 조 (개인정보의 보호 및 사용)
당 사이트는 관계법령이 정하는 바에 따라 회원 등록정보를 포함한 회원의 개인정보를 보호하기 위해 노력합니다. 회원 개인정보의 보호 및 사용에 대해서는 관련법령 및 당 사이트의 개인정보 보호정책이 적용됩니다.
제 8 조 (이용 신청의 승낙과 제한)
① 당 사이트는 제6조의 규정에 의한 이용신청고객에 대하여 서비스 이용을 승낙합니다.
② 당 사이트는 아래사항에 해당하는 경우에 대해서 승낙하지 아니 합니다.
- 이용계약 신청서의 내용을 허위로 기재한 경우
- 기타 규정한 제반사항을 위반하며 신청하는 경우
제 9 조 (회원 ID 부여 및 변경 등)
① 당 사이트는 이용고객에 대하여 약관에 정하는 바에 따라 자신이 선정한 회원 ID를 부여합니다.
② 회원 ID는 원칙적으로 변경이 불가하며 부득이한 사유로 인하여 변경 하고자 하는 경우에는 해당 ID를
해지하고 재가입해야 합니다.
③ 기타 회원 개인정보 관리 및 변경 등에 관한 사항은 서비스별 안내에 정하는 바에 의합니다.
제 3 장 계약 당사자의 의무
제 10 조 (KISTI의 의무)
① 당 사이트는 이용고객이 희망한 서비스 제공 개시일에 특별한 사정이 없는 한 서비스를 이용할 수 있도록
하여야 합니다.
② 당 사이트는 개인정보 보호를 위해 보안시스템을 구축하며 개인정보 보호정책을 공시하고 준수합니다.
③ 당 사이트는 회원으로부터 제기되는 의견이나 불만이 정당하다고 객관적으로 인정될 경우에는 적절한 절차를
거쳐 즉시 처리하여야 합니다. 다만, 즉시 처리가 곤란한 경우는 회원에게 그 사유와 처리일정을 통보하여야
합니다.
제 11 조 (회원의 의무)
① 이용자는 회원가입 신청 또는 회원정보 변경 시 실명으로 모든 사항을 사실에 근거하여 작성하여야 하며,
허위 또는 타인의 정보를 등록할 경우 일체의 권리를 주장할 수 없습니다.
② 당 사이트가 관계법령 및 개인정보 보호정책에 의거하여 그 책임을 지는 경우를 제외하고 회원에게 부여된
ID의 비밀번호 관리소홀, 부정사용에 의하여 발생하는 모든 결과에 대한 책임은 회원에게 있습니다.
③ 회원은 당 사이트 및 제 3자의 지적 재산권을 침해해서는 안 됩니다.
제 4 장 서비스의 이용
제 12 조 (서비스 이용 시간)
① 서비스 이용은 당 사이트의 업무상 또는 기술상 특별한 지장이 없는 한 연중무휴, 1일 24시간 운영을
원칙으로 합니다. 단, 당 사이트는 시스템 정기점검, 증설 및 교체를 위해 당 사이트가 정한 날이나 시간에
서비스를 일시 중단할 수 있으며, 예정되어 있는 작업으로 인한 서비스 일시중단은 당 사이트 홈페이지를
통해 사전에 공지합니다.
② 당 사이트는 서비스를 특정범위로 분할하여 각 범위별로 이용가능시간을 별도로 지정할 수 있습니다. 다만
이 경우 그 내용을 공지합니다.
제 13 조 (홈페이지 저작권)
① NDSL에서 제공하는 모든 저작물의 저작권은 원저작자에게 있으며, KISTI는 복제/배포/전송권을 확보하고
있습니다.
② NDSL에서 제공하는 콘텐츠를 상업적 및 기타 영리목적으로 복제/배포/전송할 경우 사전에 KISTI의 허락을
받아야 합니다.
③ NDSL에서 제공하는 콘텐츠를 보도, 비평, 교육, 연구 등을 위하여 정당한 범위 안에서 공정한 관행에
합치되게 인용할 수 있습니다.
④ NDSL에서 제공하는 콘텐츠를 무단 복제, 전송, 배포 기타 저작권법에 위반되는 방법으로 이용할 경우
저작권법 제136조에 따라 5년 이하의 징역 또는 5천만 원 이하의 벌금에 처해질 수 있습니다.
제 14 조 (유료서비스)
① 당 사이트 및 협력기관이 정한 유료서비스(원문복사 등)는 별도로 정해진 바에 따르며, 변경사항은 시행 전에
당 사이트 홈페이지를 통하여 회원에게 공지합니다.
② 유료서비스를 이용하려는 회원은 정해진 요금체계에 따라 요금을 납부해야 합니다.
제 5 장 계약 해지 및 이용 제한
제 15 조 (계약 해지)
회원이 이용계약을 해지하고자 하는 때에는 [가입해지] 메뉴를 이용해 직접 해지해야 합니다.
제 16 조 (서비스 이용제한)
① 당 사이트는 회원이 서비스 이용내용에 있어서 본 약관 제 11조 내용을 위반하거나, 다음 각 호에 해당하는
경우 서비스 이용을 제한할 수 있습니다.
- 2년 이상 서비스를 이용한 적이 없는 경우
- 기타 정상적인 서비스 운영에 방해가 될 경우
② 상기 이용제한 규정에 따라 서비스를 이용하는 회원에게 서비스 이용에 대하여 별도 공지 없이 서비스 이용의
일시정지, 이용계약 해지 할 수 있습니다.
제 17 조 (전자우편주소 수집 금지)
회원은 전자우편주소 추출기 등을 이용하여 전자우편주소를 수집 또는 제3자에게 제공할 수 없습니다.
제 6 장 손해배상 및 기타사항
제 18 조 (손해배상)
당 사이트는 무료로 제공되는 서비스와 관련하여 회원에게 어떠한 손해가 발생하더라도 당 사이트가 고의 또는 과실로 인한 손해발생을 제외하고는 이에 대하여 책임을 부담하지 아니합니다.
제 19 조 (관할 법원)
서비스 이용으로 발생한 분쟁에 대해 소송이 제기되는 경우 민사 소송법상의 관할 법원에 제기합니다.
[부 칙]
1. (시행일) 이 약관은 2016년 9월 5일부터 적용되며, 종전 약관은 본 약관으로 대체되며, 개정된 약관의 적용일 이전 가입자도 개정된 약관의 적용을 받습니다.