• Title/Summary/Keyword: Vehicle Safety Standard

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The Effects of Age, Gender, and Situational Factors on Take-Over Performance in Automated Driving (연령, 성별 및 상황적 요인이 자율주행 제어권 전환 수행도에 미치는 영향)

  • Myoungouk, Park;Joonwoo, Son
    • Journal of Auto-vehicle Safety Association
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    • v.14 no.4
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    • pp.70-76
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    • 2022
  • This paper investigates the effects of age, gender, and situational factors on take-over performance in automated driving. The existing automated driving systems still consider a driver as a fallback-ready user who is receptive to take-over requests. Thus, we need to understand the impact of situations and human factors on take-over performance. 34 drivers drove on a simulated track, consisting of one baseline and four event scenarios. The data, including the brake reaction time and the standard deviation of lane position, and physiological data, including the heart rate and skin conductance, were collected. The analysis was performed using repeated-measures ANOVA. The results showed that there were significant age, gender, and situational differences in the takeover performance and mental workload. Findings from this study indicated that older drivers may face risks due to their degraded driving performance, and female drivers may have a negative experience on automated driving.

BSM framework using Event-Sourcing and CQRS pattern in V2X environment

  • Han, Sangkon;Goo, EunHee;Choi, Jung-In
    • Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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    • v.27 no.8
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    • pp.169-176
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    • 2022
  • With the continuous development of technologies related to 5G, artificial intelligence, and autonomous vehicle systems, standards and services for V2X and C-ITS environments are being studied a lot. BSM (basic safety message) was adopted as a standard for exchanging data between vehicles based on data collected and generated by vehicle systems in a V2V environment. In this paper, we propose a framework that can safely store BSM messages and effectively check the stored messages using Event-Sourcing and CQRS patterns. The proposed framework can securely store and manage BSM messages using hash functions. And it has the advantage of being able to check the stored BSM data in real time based on the time series and to reproduce the state.

Development of Multiple RLS and Actuator Performance Index-based Adaptive Actuator Fault-Tolerant Control and Detection Algorithms for Longitudinal Autonomous Driving (다중 순환 최소 자승 및 성능 지수 기반 종방향 자율주행을 위한 적응형 구동기 고장 허용 제어 및 탐지 알고리즘 개발)

  • Oh, Sechan;Lee, Jongmin;Oh, Kwangseok;Yi, Kyongsu
    • Journal of Auto-vehicle Safety Association
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    • v.14 no.2
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    • pp.26-38
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    • 2022
  • This paper proposes multiple RLS and actuator performance index-based adaptive actuator fault-tolerant control and detection algorithms for longitudinal autonomous driving. The proposed algorithm computes the desired acceleration using feedback law for longitudinal autonomous driving. When actuator fault or performance degradation exists, it is designed that the desired acceleration is adjusted with the calculated feedback gains based on multiple RLS and gradient descent method for fault-tolerant control. In order to define the performance index, the error between the desired and actual accelerations is used. The window-based weighted error standard deviation is computed with the design parameters. Fault level decision algorithm that can represent three fault levels such as normal, warning, emergency levels is proposed in this study. Performance evaluation under various driving scenarios with actuator fault was conducted based on co-simulation of Matlab/Simulink and commercial software (CarMaker).

AN INTRODUCTION TO SEMICONDUCTOR INITIATION OF ELECTROEXPLOSIVE DEVICES

  • Willis K. E.;Whang, D. S.;Chang, S. T.
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers Conference
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    • 1994.11a
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    • pp.21-26
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    • 1994
  • Conventional electroexplosive devices (EED) commonly use a very small metal bridgewire to ignite explosive materials i.e. pyrotechnics, primary and secondary explosives. The use of semiconductor devices to replace “hot-wire” resistance heating elements in automotive safety systems pyrotechnic devices has been under development for several years. In a typical 1 amp/1 watt electroexplosive devices, ignition takes place a few milliseconds after a current pulse of at least 25 mJ is applied to the bridgewire. In contrast, as for a SCB devices, ignition takes place in a few tens of microseconds and only require approximately one-tenth the input energy of a conventional electroexplosive devices. Typically, when SCB device is driven by a short (20 $\mu\textrm{s}$), low energy pulse (less than 5 mJ), the SCB produces a hot plasma that ignites explosive materials. The advantages and disadvantages of this technology are strongly dependent upon the particular technology selected. To date, three distinct technologies have evolved, each of which utilizes a hot, silicon plasma as the pyrotechnic initiation element. These technologies are 1.) Heavily doped silicon as the resistive heating initiation mechanism, 2.) Tungsten enhanced silicon which utilizes a chemically vapor deposited layer of tungsten as the initiation element, and 3.) a junction diode, fabricated with standard CMOS processes, which creates the initial thermal environment by avalanche breakdown of the diode. This paper describes the three technologies, discusses the advantages and disadvantages of each as they apply to electroexplosive devises, and recommends a methodology for selection of the best device for a particular system environment. The important parameters in this analysis are: All-Fire energy, All-Fire voltage, response time, ease of integration with other semiconductor devices, cost (overall system cost), and reliability. The potential for significant cost savings by integrating several safety functions into the initiator makes this technology worthy of attention by the safety system designer.

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Consequence Analysis of Toxic Gases Generated by Fire of Lithium Ion Batteries in Electric Vehicles (전기자동차 내 리튬이온전지 화재로 발생하는 독성가스의 위험성 분석)

  • Oh, Eui-young;Min, Dong Seok;Han, Ji Yun;Jung, Seungho;Kang, Tae-sun
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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    • v.23 no.1
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    • pp.54-61
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    • 2019
  • As the market for portable electronic devices expands, the demand for Lithium Ion Battery (LIB) is also increasing. LIB has higher efficiency than other secondary batteries, but there is a risk of explosion / fire due to thermal runaway reaction. Especially, Electric Vehicles (EV) equipped with a large capacity LIB cell also has a danger due to a large amount of toxic gas generated by a fire. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the risk of toxic gas generated by EV fire to minimize accident damage. In this study, the flow of toxic gas generated by EV fire was numerically analyzed using Computational Fluid Dynamic. Scenarios were established based on literature data and EV data to confirm the effect distance according to time and exposure standard. The purpose of this study is to analyze the risk of toxic gas caused by EV fire and to help minimize the loss of life and property caused by accidents.

Tractive Force Estimation in Real-time Using Brake Gain Adaptation (브레이크 게인 적응기법을 이용한 종방향 타이어 힘의 실시간 추정)

  • ;;Karl Hedrick
    • Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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    • v.11 no.3
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    • pp.214-219
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    • 2003
  • This paper includes real-time tractive force estimation method using standard vehicle sensors such as wheel speed, brake pressure, throttle position, engine speed, and transmission carrier speed sensor. Engine map, torque converter lookup table, shaft torque observer, and brake gain adaptation method are used to estimate the tractive force. To verify this estimator, measurement which uses strain-based brake torque sensor and estimation results are presented. All results was performed using a real vehicle in a real-time.

The development of WTB(Wire Train Bus) Analyzer for the TCN(Train Communication Network) testing (TCN(Train Communication Network) 통신 시험용 WTB(Wire Train Bus) Analyzer 개발)

  • Jeon, Seong-Joon;Paik, Jin-Sung;Shon, Kang-Ho
    • Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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    • 2008.06a
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    • pp.1936-1945
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    • 2008
  • In Korea, TCN has applied to the Korean High-speed Train (HSR350X) through G7 High-speed Train development project. TCN is the most suitable international standard communication network for distributed control systems that is adopted for high-speed of vehicle, safety and flexibility. TCN is the network exclusively for the high-speed train and electrical trains. This TCN satisfies the network standards. The network standards are real time communication, fault tolerance design, integrated data system, resistance of environment, automated recognition for modification of vehicle formation and maintenance. The purpose of this research is applying the development of WTB analyzer which is part of communication network system TCN, to check the communication of high-speed trains and electrical trains.

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A Study on Dam Exterior Inspection and Cost Standards using Drones (드론을 활용한 댐 외관조사 및 대가기준에 대한 연구)

  • Kim, Tae-Hoon;Lee, Jai-Ho;Kim, Do-Seon;Lee, Suk-Bae
    • Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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    • v.17 no.3
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    • pp.608-616
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    • 2021
  • Purpose: Safety inspections by existing personnel have been limited in evaluation and data securing due to concerns about the safety of technicians or difficulty in accessing them, and are becoming a bigger problem as the number of maintenance targets increases due to the aging of facilities. As drone technology develops, it is possible to ensure the safety of personnel, secure visual data, and diagnose quickly, and use it is increasing as safety inspection of facilities by drones was introduced recently. In order to further enhance utilization, it is considered necessary to base a consideration standard for facility appearance investigation by drones, and in this paper, research was conducted on dams. Method: To calculate the quality, existing domestic safety inspection and drone-related consideration standards were investigated, and procedures related to safety inspection using drones were compared and analyzed to review work procedures and construction types. In addition, empirical data were collected through drone photography and elevation image production for the actual dam. Result: Work types for safety inspection of facilities using drones were derived, and empirical survey results were collected for two dams according to work types. The existing guidelines were applied for the adjustment ratios for each structural type and standard of the facility, and if a meteorological reference point survey was necessary, the unmanned aerial vehicle survey of the construction work standard was applied. Conclusion: The finer the GSD in appearance investigation using drones, the greater the number of photographs taken, and the concept of adjustment cost was applied as a correction to calculate the consideration standard. In addition, it was found that the problem of maximum GSD indicating limitations should be considered in order to maintain the safe distance.

Study on Standard for Ensured Safety of Electric Vehicle Charger (전기자동차 충전전원 공급설비의 안전성 확보를 위한 기준 연구)

  • Lee, Ki-Yeon;Kim, Hyang-Kon;Gil, Hyung-Jun;Kim, Dong-Ook
    • Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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    • 2011.07a
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    • pp.2148-2149
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    • 2011
  • 환경오염에 대한 규제가 강화됨에 따라 친환경자동차의 개발과 보급이 활발하게 이루어지고 있기 때문에 전기에너지를 구동에너지로 사용하는 전기자동차의 보급을 위한 필수 요소인 전기자동차 충전 설비의 보급이 지속적으로 증가하고 있고 있지만, 전기자동차 충전설비의 안전성 확보를 위한 제도가 확립되어 있지 않은 상태에서 시범 보급되고 있는 현실이다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 국내외 전기자동차 및 전기자동차 충전전원 공급설비관련 기준 및 표준 분석을 통하여 현재 전기설비기술기준 및 판단기준에 명시된 내용 분석을 통하여 전기자동차 충전전원 공급설비에 대한 안전성 확보를 위한 충전기, 충전케이블, 커플러 등의 시설기준에 대하여 나타내었다. 본 연구결과에 대한 활용에 따른 전기자동차 충전설비의 안전성 확보로 전 세계적인 기후변화 대응과 우리나라의 저탄소 녹색성장정책에 대응하기 위한 스마트그리드 산업의 활성화에 기여하고자 한다.

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Test and Evaluation based on Standard Regulation of USA Federal Automotive Safety of Assistant Driver's Seat Airbag at Low Risk Deployment Passenger Airbag using Passenger Protection Wrap (승객보호용 랩을 적용한 저위험성 조수석 에어백의 미국 연방 자동차안전 기준법규에 의거한 시험과 평가)

  • Kim, Dong-Eun;Kim, Jin-Hyeong;Kang, Myung-Chang
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers
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    • v.15 no.1
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    • pp.61-67
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    • 2016
  • The airbag is a widely accepted device for occupant protection in the automotive industry. As the injuries induced by airbag deployment have become a critical issue, revisions to Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard (FMVSS) 208 were required to create advanced airbags that can protect occupants of varying statures. In this paper, we developed a new low-risk deployment passenger airbag by adding the Passenger Protection Wrap (PPW). The PPW reduces the cushion impact force to the occupant in order to ensure pressure dispersion. A series of tests were conducted by using FMVSS 208 test procedures to demonstrate the proposed system. It was found that the system not only satisfied the injury criteria of FMVSS 208 but was also effective for protecting passengers of all sizes (male, small female, 3-year-old, 6-year-old).