Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas (한국가스학회지)

The Korean Institute of GAS (한국가스학회)
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Consequence Analysis of Toxic Gases Generated by Fire of Lithium Ion Batteries in Electric Vehicles

전기자동차 내 리튬이온전지 화재로 발생하는 독성가스의 위험성 분석

  • Oh, Eui-young (Dept. of Environmental and safety Engineering, Ajou University) ;
  • Min, Dong Seok (Dept. of Environmental and safety Engineering, Ajou University) ;
  • Han, Ji Yun (Dept. of Environmental and safety Engineering, Ajou University) ;
  • Jung, Seungho (Dept. of Environmental and safety Engineering, Ajou University) ;
  • Kang, Tae-sun (Dept. of Health and Safety Engineering, Semyung University)
  • 오의영 (아주대학교 환경안전공학과) ;
  • 민동석 (아주대학교 환경안전공학과) ;
  • 한지윤 (아주대학교 환경안전공학과) ;
  • 정승호 (아주대학교 환경안전공학과) ;
  • 강태선 (세명대학교 보건안전공학과)
  • Received : 2018.11.01
  • Accepted : 2019.02.20
  • Published : 2019.02.28
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Abstract

As the market for portable electronic devices expands, the demand for Lithium Ion Battery (LIB) is also increasing. LIB has higher efficiency than other secondary batteries, but there is a risk of explosion / fire due to thermal runaway reaction. Especially, Electric Vehicles (EV) equipped with a large capacity LIB cell also has a danger due to a large amount of toxic gas generated by a fire. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the risk of toxic gas generated by EV fire to minimize accident damage. In this study, the flow of toxic gas generated by EV fire was numerically analyzed using Computational Fluid Dynamic. Scenarios were established based on literature data and EV data to confirm the effect distance according to time and exposure standard. The purpose of this study is to analyze the risk of toxic gas caused by EV fire and to help minimize the loss of life and property caused by accidents.

휴대용 전자기기의 시장이 성장함에 따라서 Lithium Ion Battery(LIB)의 수요 또한 증가하고 있다. LIB는 다른 2차 전지에 비해 높은 효율성을 보이지만 열 폭주(Thermal runaway)로 인한 폭발/화재의 위험성이 있다. 특히나 대용량 LIB cell을 탑재한 Electric Vehicle(EV)의 경우 화재로 발생하는 대량의 독성 가스로 인한 위험성 또한 존재한다. 따라서 사고 피해를 최소화하기 위한 EV 화재로 발생하는 독성 가스의 위험성 분석이 필요하다. 이 연구에서는 EV의 화재로 발생하는 독성 가스의 유동을 전산유체역학(Computational Fluid Dynamic; CFD)을 이용하여 해석하였다. 문헌 조사 결과와 국내 EV 자료를 기반으로 시나리오를 설정하여 시나리오 발생 경과시간에 따른 독성 가스의 확산을 수치 해석하여 위험성에 대하여 분석 하였다. 이 연구는 EV 화재로 인한 독성 가스의 위험성을 분석하여 사고 발생에 의한 인명, 재산피해를 최소화하는데 의의를 가진다.

Keywords

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Fig. 1. HF production rate by LIB[9].

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Fig. 2. Boundary condition.

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Fig. 3. HF production rate by LIB.

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Fig. 4. Air flow vector of simulation zone.

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Fig. 5. HF Dispersion before chemical reaction.

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Fig. 6. HF Dispersion after chemical reaction.

Table 1. LIB fire and explosion accident[5]

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Table 2. Mass of HF generated from EV

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Table 3. Health Effects and Explanations of AEGL Levels in the US EPA

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Table 4. Toxic distance by fire of EV bus

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