• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
• /
• v.20 no.1
• /
• pp.1-6
• /
• 2007

The vegetation of habitats of a Korean rare plant Kirengeshoma koreana Nakai at Mt. Baekun was investigated by phytosociological approach. The vegetation of investigated area shows typical southern-temperate Quercus forest. The humidity of soil was high and the ground of locality was flat area of sub-alpine. These investigated area is very important for conservation of a rare plant, Kirengeshoma koreana that is limited in this area. Therefore, sustainable conservation strategy such as designation of conservation area should be prepared urgently by the results of long-term monitoring studies.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
• /
• 2009.05a
• /
• pp.529-534
• /
• 2009

Climate models, both global and regional, have increased in sophistication and are being run at increasingly higher resolutions. The Land Surface Models (LSMs) coupled to these climate models have evolved from simple bucket models to sophisticated Soil-Vegetation-Atmosphere Transfer (SVAT) schemes needed to support complex linkages and processes. However, some underpinnings of terrestrial hydrologic parameterizations so crucial in the predictions of surface water and energy fluxes cause model errors that often manifest as non-linear drifts in the dynamic response of land surface processes. This requires the improved parameterizations of key processes for the terrestrial hydrologic scheme to improve the model predictability in surface water and energy fluxes. The Common Land Model (CLM), one of state-of-the-art LSMs, is the land component of the Community Climate System Model (CCSM). However, CLM also has energy and water biases resulting from deficiencies in some parameterizations related to hydrological processes. This research presents the implementation of a selected set of parameterizations and their effects on the runoff prediction. The modifications consist of new parameterizations for soil hydraulic conductivity, water table depth, frozen soil, soil water availability, and topographically controlled baseflow. The results from a set of offline simulations are compared with observed data to assess the performance of the new model. It is expected that the advanced terrestrial hydrologic scheme coupled to the current CLM can improve model predictability for better prediction of runoff that has a large impact on the surface water and energy balance crucial to climate variability and change studies.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
• /
• v.4 no.1_2
• /
• pp.25-32
• /
• 1981

During the period of 1975∼77, a survey and an investigation were carried out to estimate the frequency of lime-chlorosis in the natural vegetation in Korea and the relationships between plants and calcareous soils. The symptoms of lime-chlorosis were observed in flowering plants in the calcareous areas of Weonju (I, II), Yeongweol(I, II), Jecheon, Danyang and Samcheok. Although the species found to be lime-chlorotic on at least one occasion numbered 60, the total quantity of lime-chlorotic foliage observed was small. Severe lime-chlorosis of Capsicuym annuum in agricultural fields was found out at Danyang. However, some of the species which were of widespread occurrence in affected areas showed no lime-chlorosis. The comparison of the inorganic components in calcareous soils in lime-chlorotic and normal leaves showed that the essential mineral nutrients substantially less soluble in water in alkaline than in acid conditions and calcifuges planted on calcareous soils often show visual signs resembling those of P or Fe deficiency.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
• /
• v.12 no.3
• /
• pp.145-153
• /
• 2010

An-yang stream is a branch stream connecting to Han river and regarded as a national stream. This study chose the representative stream of An-yang and identified vegetation and flora. The ecological survey aimed at identifying indicator of urban streams for measuring to protect urban areas and to promote wetland conservation. A total of 266 species were identified into 35 Orders, 78 Families. The introduced species of Sicyo angulatus need a special treatment to reduce the population. The wetland vegetation is quite various and we suggested 11 different vegetation zones depending on introduced species and amenity between human and nature, This will lead to blue-network to crease favorable environment and manage important species for this region.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
• /
• v.19 no.5
• /
• pp.586-591
• /
• 2006

This study investigated the flora and the main vegetation of naturalized plants in order to compare the change of distribution in Limja Island, South Korea from 1999 to July, 2005. Flora of naturalized plants in surveyed site were the 1st survey 1999 year, 14 families 45 taxa, the 2nd survey 2005 year, total 14 families 54 taxa including 53 species 1 variety. which new 9 taxa included as Eragrostis curvula, Festuca myuros, Panicum dichotomiflorum, Atriplex hastata, Abutilon avicennae, Aster subulatus, Coreopsis lanceolata, Cosmos sulphureus, Cerastium glomeratum, etc. By the community table, the main vegetation communities in the surveyed sites were classified as Phytolacca americana, Rumux crispus, Bromus catharticus, Erigeron annuus - Erigeron canadensis, Oenothera odorata, Paspalum distichum, Festuca myuros, Cosmos sulphureus community. it is believed that the species of naturalized plants have increased compared to other areas due to their close location to the living habitation.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
• /
• v.4 no.2
• /
• pp.108-114
• /
• 1983

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of existing vegetation on seedling establishment and herbage production of oversown grasses in the Pinus rigida forest. The dominant existing vegetations were Miscanthus sinensis, Festuca ovina, and Lycopodium serratum. In establishment year, seedling stands and herbage production were not affected in Miscanthus sinensis and Festuca ovina, while in Lycopodium serratum it was affected relatively seriously. The pattern of sown species response to the existing vegetations was trend to toward simplified two or three species as Dactylis glomerata, Lolium perenne, and Trifolium repens to advancing the time. Among sown species, Dactylis glomerata was a major dominant species in all existing vegetation area. The content of sown pasture grasses in the sward increased markedly, while the existing vegetations before seeding seriously decreased to advancing the cutting time. The above results shown that the improvement of forest pasture with a surface seeding was better in Miscanthus sinensis and Festuca ovina, but in Lycopodium serratum was found very difficult to improvement of pasture without surface treatment, also establishment method must favor the low herbage production potential.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.12 no.9
• /
• pp.4205-4209
• /
• 2011

Numerical analysis were executed in order to investigate ultimate lateral resistance of roots of vegetation. Ultimate lateral resistances of roots obtained from the assumed values of cohesions were distributed between the values of the two kinds of the existing studies. The ultimate lateral resistance values were more close to those by the bearing capacity solution than those by the cavity expansion theory. Coefficient of bearing capacity determined by the numerical analysis was 33. Yielding displacements obtained from the numerical analysis were 0.08~0.29 times of the diameter of the root and those were overall close to the value of the existing study which was undertaken for the pile diameter of 1 cm.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.12 no.1
• /
• pp.13-21
• /
• 1971

As one part of the ecological studies of Korean white pine plantation, a synecological survey was made on the undergrowth vegetation of Korean white pine plantations of different age class i.e., 5, 15, 25, 35, and 40 year age classes under which shrub and ground vegetation were distinctly different. And, the results are summarized as follows. 1. In shrub, the important species is Corylus heterophylla var. japonica and the dominant species in each age-class stand are as follows; 5 year-class ; Quercus mongolica, Lespedeza Maximowiczi. 15 year-class ; Corylus heterophylla var. japonica, Lespedeza Maximowiczi. 25 year-class ; Corylus heterophylla var. japonica. 35 year-class ; Corylus heterophylla var. japonica, Maackia amurensis. 40 year-class ; Corylus heterophylla var. japonica. 2. The higher the age class of the plantation are, the lower the height and the density of the shrub become. 3. Dominant species of ground-vegetation under the shrub of each age-class are as follows; 5 year-class ; Arundinella hirta var. cilia, Miscanthus purpurascens. 15 year-class ; Arundinella hirta var. ciliata, Potentilla Freyniana. 25 year-class ; Physematium manchuriense, Viola xanthopetala, Rubus craegifolius. 35 year-class ; Viola xanthopetala, Rubus crataegifolius. 45 year-class ; Viola xanthopetala, Rubus crataegifolius. 4. The standing crops of ground vegetation under the shrub were decreased with increasing age-class, which also caused the decreasing height and density and changing floristic composition of the shrub. 5. The ratio of the standing crop of root to the standing crop of shoot was increased as the age class increased. 6. The floristic composition of ground vegetation has shown a change from heliophyte to sciophytes on the sere.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
• /
• v.34 no.2_1
• /
• pp.267-282
• /
• 2018

Despite the continuous development of phenology detection studies using satellite imagery, verification through comparison with the field observed data is insufficient. Especially, in the case of Korean forests patching in various forms, it is difficult to estimate the start of season (SOS) by using only satellite images due to resolution difference. To improve the accuracy of vegetation phenology estimation, this study reconstructed the large scaled forest type map (1:5,000) with MODIS pixel resolution and produced time series vegetation phenology curves from Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) derived from MODIS images. Based on the field observed data, extraction methods for the vegetation indices and SOS for Korean forests were compared and evaluated. We also analyzed the correlation between the composition ratio of forest types in each pixel and phenology extraction from the vegetation indices. When we compared NDVI and EVI with the field observed SOS data from the Korea National Arboretum, EVI was more accurate for Korean forests, and the first derivative was most suitable for extracting SOS in the phenology curve from the vegetation index. When the eight pixels neighboring the pixels of 7 broadleaved trees with field SOS data (center pixel) were compared to field SOS, the forest types of the best pixels with the highest correlation with the field data were deciduous forest by 67.9%, coniferous forest by 14.3%, and mixed forest by 7.7%, and the mean coefficient of determination ($R^2$) was 0.64. The average national SOS extracted from MODIS EVI were DOY 112.9 in 2014 at the earliest and DOY 129.1 in 2010 at the latest, which is about 0.16 days faster since 2003. In future research, it is necessary to expand the analysis of deciduous and mixed forests' SOS into the extraction of coniferous forest's SOS in order to understand the various climate and geomorphic factors. As such, comprehensive study should be carried out considering the diversity of forest ecosystems in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
• /
• v.26 no.4
• /
• pp.537-549
• /
• 2012

The purpose of this study was to provide data for the basic research to found the effective conservation and management plan for the Hamyangsangrim designated as Natural Monument No. 154 and surround areas by analyzing the ecological characteristics such as landuse and actual vegetation, plant community structure, soil chemical property and also to identify the tendency of the ecosystem changes through comparison with past studies. According to analysis the results, the landuse and actual vegetation of survey site was classified as 8 types which were forest, artificial greenspace, plaza and open-space, bare ground and the pavement, water bodies, facilities, agricultural land and etc.. It was also categorized as 38 types according to detailed characteristic. 15 kinds of forest vegetation community types comprising silva were classified among them. The changes of actual vegetation showed little variation that the Quercus serrata-Carpinus tschonoskii forest was the most widely distributed in 2003(forest area ratio is 48.3%) and 2010(forest area ratio is 48.1%), whereas, the Quercus serrata forest declined a more dramatic from 11.6% to 23.2%. The Quercus serrata-Carpinus tschonoskii forest increased sharply(11.6% ${\rightarrow}$ 23.2%) and also the Quercus serrata-Zelkova serrata forest increased steadily(2.2% ${\rightarrow}$ 7.9%). The agricultural land around forest was transformed into artificial green zone. Moreover, water bodies, bare ground and the pavement of areas have increased. In addition, the urbanized area has decreased because the damaged areas inside forest have been restored to the woodlands. According to the result of typical 6 types vegetation communities change, the middle layer trees grew up to the canopy layer trees and was formed the canopy layer structure. The middle layer trees expanded their forces widely. Also new species appeared. And the shrub individuals also more dramatically increased due to the growth of shrubs. The force of Quercus serrata declined as well. However the force of Carpinus tschonoskii and Zelkova serrata expanded and increased in the forest. It must be the result of the ecological vegetation succession and environmentally soundly health recovery by influence of the projects of forest surrounding environment improvement and limitation of access to forest have managed and maintained since 2003. Those sorts of changes seems to be going to develop continuously. In the future Carpinus tschonoskii and Zelkova serrata will not be only codominant in the canopy layer but also Carpinus Tschonoskii, Zelkova serrata, Meliosma myriantha, Sapium japonicum. Styrax obassia and Acer pseudo-sieboldianum will be codominant in the middle layer. As a result, the forest's codominance species are going to be changed such like that.